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Science News for February 20, 2018


Cluedo in the cell: Enzyme location controls enzyme activity

Scientists at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne have created a method for tracking specific enzymes in cell compartments, helping identify their roles in various cancers. The biosensors reveal compartment-specific distributions of bioactive enzymes, which may aid the development of targeted cancer treatments.

SourceEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne·JournalCell Reports·DateFeb 20, 2018

Sea-level legacy: more rise for each delay in peaking emissions

A new study by Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research found that delaying global CO2 emission peak by five years between 2020 and 2035 could result in an additional 20 cm of sea-level rise by 2300. The researchers used a combined climate-sea-level model to analyze the impact of delayed mitigation on global sea-level rise.

SourcePotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)·JournalNature Communications·DateFeb 20, 2018

Why the boss always gets the blame

Researchers found that social role, not causal influence, determines blame distribution in real life. The study tested this assumption in an online experiment with 209 test participants and found that bosses received more criticism than employees even when they didn't make the decision.

SourceRuhr-University Bochum·JournalPhilosophical Psychology·DateFeb 20, 2018
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Improving family-based comm. Key to enhancing sexual health outcomes of GBQ adolescents

A Penn nursing study found that sex communication with parents is rarely discussed among gay, bisexual, and queer male adolescents, often being heteronormative and reactionary. The study suggests that targeted family-based sexual health discussions can minimize risk behaviors and improve overall health outcomes for this demographic.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Nursing·JournalJournal of Adolescent Research·DateFeb 20, 2018

Europe's cities face more extreme weather than previously thought

A new study reveals that European cities will experience more frequent and severe heatwaves, droughts, and flooding due to climate change. Southern Europe will see the biggest increases in heatwave days and temperatures, while central Europe will face the greatest temperature increases during heatwaves.

SourceNewcastle University·JournalEnvironmental Research Letters·DateFeb 20, 2018

New structure discovered in human sperm tails

Researchers have identified a new structure inside human sperm tails, which is essential for swimming and fertilization. The spiral-shaped feature helps coordinate the movement of motorproteins that propel the sperm forward.

SourceUniversity of Gothenburg·JournalScientific Reports·DateFeb 20, 2018

No relation between a supermassive black hole and its host galaxy!?

Researchers observed CO gas associated with the galactic disk, but found it unaffected by the strong ionized gas outflow from the galactic center. This challenges the widely accepted idea that radiation from galactic centers influences molecular gas and star formation activities.

SourceNational Institutes of Natural Sciences·DateFeb 20, 2018

MEMS chips get metalenses

Researchers developed a device that combines metasurface lenses with MEMS technology, enabling fast scanning and beam steering. The integrated device can control the angular rotation of a flat lens and scan the focal spot by several degrees.

SourceAmerican Institute of Physics·JournalAPL Photonics·DateFeb 20, 2018
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Patients with advanced cancer may be less competent to make decisions than doctors think

A study found that patients with advanced cancer were less capable of making treatment decisions than healthy adults, but doctors often overestimated their competence. The research suggests a shift in patient-doctor relationships, emphasizing the importance of respecting patient autonomy while ensuring decision-making capacity.

SourceUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus·JournalAmerican Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry·DateFeb 20, 2018

MRI stroke data set released by USC research team

The USC-led ATLAS project has compiled a large dataset of brain scans from stroke patients, which is now available for download. Researchers are using this dataset to develop and test algorithms that can automatically process MRI images from stroke patients, aiming to identify biological markers for personalized treatment plans.

SourceUniversity of Southern California·JournalScientific Data·DateFeb 20, 2018

A quadrillionth of a second in slow motion

A team from TUM developed a methodology to observe ultrafast chemical processes with quintillionths of a second resolution. This allows for the control and influence of ionization dynamics, shedding light on photosynthesis and silicon ionization in computer chips.

SourceTechnical University of Munich (TUM)·JournalNature Communications·DateFeb 20, 2018

Optimal fertilization thanks to sensor and cloud

A new nitrate sensor developed by Ruhr-University Bochum can analyze one drop of plant juice in seconds to determine optimal fertilization levels, resulting in improved crop yields and reduced waste. The sensor is linked to a cloud-based system that estimates regional fertilizer demand and provides farmers with real-time data.

SourceRuhr-University Bochum·DateFeb 20, 2018
Creality K1 Max 3D Printer

Creality K1 Max 3D Printer rapidly prototypes brackets, adapters, and fixtures for instruments and classroom demonstrations at large build volume.

PNAS study: Extreme-altitude birds evolved same trait via different mutations

A new study published in PNAS found that extreme-altitude birds on the Himalayan Plateau and Altiplano plateau evolved similar traits to capture oxygen, despite different molecular blueprints. The study identified multiple ways for closely related species to produce the same functional outcome.

SourceUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 20, 2018

Brain aging may begin earlier than expected

Researchers at Lancaster University have developed a new non-invasive technique to study brain function and its relation to aging. Preliminary results suggest that brain aging may begin earlier than expected, with declines in coherence between cerebrospinal fluid oscillations observed in participants over 25.

SourceLancaster University·JournalScientific Reports·DateFeb 20, 2018

How political parties influence our beliefs, and what we can do about it

A neuroeconomics model suggests that valuing identity over accuracy leads to accepting incorrect information aligned with political party beliefs. Strategies to reduce this effect include creating a superordinate identity, engaging in constructive dialogue, and increasing the value of accurate beliefs.

SourceCell Press·JournalTrends in Cognitive Sciences·DateFeb 20, 2018

New safety data for the most commonly used drug to treat Chagas disease

Two clinical trials evaluate the frequency and type of adverse reactions to benznidazole in chronically infected adults. The studies found that the majority of adverse reactions (90%) were mild and appeared within the first month of treatment.

SourceBarcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)·JournalJournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·DateFeb 20, 2018

'Lipid asymmetry' plays key role in activating immune cells

Researchers discovered that lipid asymmetry plays a key role in activating immune cells. By maintaining balance, the immune system can be controlled and potentially used to treat allergies, inflammation, or cancer. The study's findings suggest new avenues for treating these conditions by regulating membrane composition.

SourceBiophysical Society·DateFeb 20, 2018
CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock

CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock simplifies serious desks with 18 ports for high-speed storage, monitors, and instruments across Mac and PC setups.

A matter of dynamics

Researchers found that non-selective ion channels, like the NaK channel, have a selectivity filter with sizeable dynamics, unlike selective channels. The study revealed two different forms of the selectivity filter, one for each ion type, which explains why the NaK channel can pass both sodium and potassium ions.

SourceForschungsverbund Berlin·JournalNature Communications·DateFeb 20, 2018

Gut reactions to improve probiotics

Research explores how gut bacteria respond to common changes in their habitat, revealing that bacterial species can go extinct when environments are altered even slightly. This understanding could lead to the design of targeted probiotics and therapies to make gut microbes more resilient.

SourceBiophysical Society·DateFeb 20, 2018
Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station

Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station offers research-grade local weather data for networked stations, campuses, and community observatories.

Putnam Competition names top students in college mathematics

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology was recognized as the top team, and five undergraduate students were named Putnam Fellows. The competition saw only 20% of participants earn a score above 13, with the highest score being 89 out of 120 points.

SourceMathematical Association of America·DateFeb 20, 2018

Distant tropical storms have ripple effects on weather close to home

Researchers at Colorado State University have developed an empirical model that accurately predicts atmospheric river activity in the western US three weeks in advance. This breakthrough could enhance long-term weather forecasting capabilities, allowing for earlier warnings of extreme precipitation, floods, and droughts.

SourceColorado State University·Journalnpj Climate and Atmospheric Science·DateFeb 20, 2018

Hospital charges for outpatient cancer care highly variable, Medicare billing records show

A recent analysis of Medicare billing records reveals that hospital charges for outpatient oncology services can exceed Medicare payouts by twofold to sixfold. The study, published in the American Journal of Managed Care, emphasizes the need for fair and transparent pricing to protect vulnerable patients from financial burdens.

SourceJohns Hopkins Medicine·JournalThe American Journal of Managed Care·DateFeb 20, 2018

Scientists find new antimalarial drug targets

Researchers identified two key proteins crucial for malaria parasites' escape from red blood cells and infection of fresh cells. The discovery offers potential new treatment targets against the deadliest malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.

SourceThe Francis Crick Institute·JournalNature Microbiology·DateFeb 20, 2018
Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach

Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach provides rugged GNSS navigation, satellite messaging, and SOS for backcountry geology and climate field teams.

Robo-picker grasps and packs

A new robotic system developed by MIT engineers can grasp and pack items with high accuracy, making it suitable for various applications such as warehouse sorting and kitchen tasks. The system uses an object-agnostic grasping algorithm to assess a bin of random objects and determine the best way to grip or suction onto an item.

SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·DateFeb 20, 2018

Brain size of human ancestors evolved gradually over 3 million years

Scientists analyzed 94 hominin fossils, finding average brain size increased gradually over three million years due to evolution of larger brains within populations. The research also shows the impact of introducing new, larger-brained species and extinction of smaller-brained ones on brain size evolution.

SourceUniversity of Chicago Medical Center·DateFeb 20, 2018
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4)

Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4) runs demanding GIS, imaging, and annotation workflows on the go for surveys, briefings, and lab notebooks.

AI to fight the spread of infectious diseases

A USC-developed algorithm can better locate and treat people living with undiagnosed infectious diseases, such as TB and gonorrhea. The algorithm optimizes disease spread models using behavioral, demographic, and epidemic trends to capture underlying population dynamics.

SourceUniversity of Southern California·DateFeb 20, 2018

D-galactose affects ageing male and female brains differently

A study by the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona finds that D-galactose affects male and female brains differently as they age. In high doses, it accelerates ageing in males, while females experience alterations in learning and spatial memory. However, low doses show positive effects in males, including improved learning and memory.

SourceUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona·JournalJournal of Gerontology·DateFeb 20, 2018

More awareness, research needed on abuse risk of non-opioid painkiller

Researchers found that gabapentin is being mixed with other substances to produce euphoria, and some users are turning to it after crackdowns made it difficult to obtain opioid prescriptions. The medication's low cost and increasing popularity have contributed to its misuse, highlighting the need for further study on its abuse potential.

SourceUniversity of Louisville·JournalPsychology of Addictive Behaviors·DateFeb 20, 2018

Stable gas hydrates can trigger landslides

Researchers found that stable gas hydrates can indirectly destabilize sediment above, triggering submarine landslides. The new process, independent of climatic changes, involves the formation of fluid conduits beneath the seafloor, leading to hydro fractures and shallow slope failure.

SourceHelmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR)·JournalNature Communications·DateFeb 20, 2018
GoPro HERO13 Black

GoPro HERO13 Black records stabilized 5.3K video for instrument deployments, field notes, and outreach, even in harsh weather and underwater conditions.

Genes activated in metastasis also drive the first stages of tumor growth

Researchers found that genes responsible for metastasis can also initiate primary tumour development, driven by the fly model Drosophila melanogaster. This discovery strengthens the notion that same genes can activate tumour growth and metastasis in some tumours.

SourceInstitute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)·JournalPLOS Genetics·DateFeb 20, 2018

Using a laser to wirelessly charge a smartphone safely across a room

Engineers have created a laser-based wireless charging system that can safely charge smartphones sitting across a room. The system uses power from the laser to charge the smartphone via a thin power cell mounted on the back of the phone, with safety features such as a heatsink and guard beams to prevent overheating and accidental contact.

SourceUniversity of Washington·DateFeb 20, 2018
Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C)

Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C) provide clear calls and strong noise reduction for interviews, conferences, and noisy field environments.

Splitting crystals for 2-D metallic conductivity

By adding oxygen atoms to a perovskite-like crystal material, researchers created 2D electron gas with unique properties. The discovery opens up new possibilities for faster and novel electronic devices, including superconductors and actuators.

SourceTohoku University·JournalACS Nano·DateFeb 20, 2018

Identifying frailty in older patients can predict adverse outcomes after surgery

Researchers studied 308 older patients who underwent abdominal surgery, finding that both vulnerable and frail patients were at higher risk of readmission or death within 30 days and 6 months. The degree of frailty predicted increasing risk of readmission or death, with frail patients at greatest risk.

SourceCanadian Medical Association Journal·JournalCanadian Medical Association Journal·DateFeb 20, 2018

Diet or Regular? Decoding behavioral variation in ant clones

Researchers found significant variation in the response threshold of cloned ants to sweetened water, with some preferring diet soda equivalents and others requiring stronger concentrations. This diversity may be driven by epigenetic modifications that allow for individualized adaptation and potentially enhance long-term colony survival.

SourceHokkaido University·JournalRoyal Society Open Science·DateFeb 20, 2018

Alexa, how do word senses evolve?

A team of researchers identified an algorithm called 'nearest-neighbor chaining' that describes how word senses accumulate over time. The study analyzed 1,000 years of English development and found that new word senses emerge through an efficient mechanism that expresses new ideas via a compact set of words.

SourceLehigh University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 20, 2018
Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope

Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope combines portable Schmidt-Cassegrain optics with GoTo pointing for outreach nights and field campaigns.

Improving low-income residents' utilization of farmers markets

Researchers found that nearly two-thirds of low-income participants had never visited a farmers market, highlighting a need for increased awareness. A novel internet-based social marketing strategy, Healthy Roots for You, was tested to increase awareness and encourage future use among low-income residents.

SourceLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center·JournalJournal of Public Health Research·DateFeb 20, 2018

New shark species confirmed

A team of scientists has confirmed a new species of sixgill sharks in the Atlantic Ocean, based on genetic testing. The discovery was made using mitochondrial genes and found significant differences between the Atlantic and Pacific/Oceanic species.

SourceFlorida Institute of Technology·JournalMarine Biodiversity·DateFeb 20, 2018
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount provides precise tracking capacity for deep-sky imaging rigs during long astrophotography sessions.

Rooting out Ebola's biomechanical enabler

Researchers at Lehigh University aim to elucidate the biomechanical mechanism of Ebola-host cell interaction using computational molecular adhesion mechanics and single-molecule force spectroscopy. Their goal is to provide new pharmacological targets for antiviral drug development.

SourceLehigh University·DateFeb 20, 2018

Scientists deliver high-resolution glimpse of enzyme structure

Researchers used cryo-electron microscopy to discover the structure of an enzyme critical for maintaining adequate DNA building blocks in human cells. The human version differs from its bacterial counterpart, suggesting potential for designing antibiotics that selectively block the bacterial enzyme.

SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·DateFeb 20, 2018

Parenting behavior in adoptive families

A longitudinal study of adoptive families found that mothers' and fathers' symptoms of depression are related to harsh, over-reactive parenting. Social support networks play a crucial role in mitigating these effects. The study suggests that parents with depressed spouses should prioritize self-care and social connections.

SourceSociety for Research in Child Development·JournalChild Development·DateFeb 20, 2018

Noise from ships scares porpoises

A new study by researchers at Aarhus University found that porpoises stop feeding and change their movement patterns when exposed to heavy ship noise. The study, which used electronic tags to track the porpoises' behavior, provides insight into how human activities impact these marine animals.

SourceAarhus University·DateFeb 20, 2018
Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter

Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter measures wind, temperature, and humidity in real time for site assessments, aviation checks, and safety briefings.

Hitting rock bottom after job loss can be beneficial, study shows

Researchers found that hitting rock bottom frees individuals from constraints and negative emotions, allowing them to find a viable solution. This 'identity play' provides an opportunity to escape the situation and try new things without committing to them.

SourceUniversity of Notre Dame·JournalAcademy of Management Review·DateFeb 20, 2018

Scientists poised to win the race against rust disease and beyond

Researchers have made breakthroughs in understanding how rust fungi infect crops and evolve virulence using latest genome sequencing technologies. The study uncovered high levels of genetic diversity between the two chromosome copies, which likely serves as the basis for rapidly evolving new rust strains.

SourceUniversity of Minnesota·JournalmBio·DateFeb 20, 2018

When it comes to our brains, there's no such thing as normal

Researchers argue that individual differences in behavior and cognition are a natural part of human development. A more nuanced understanding of psychological disorders recognizes the complexity of human traits and the need for multivariate approaches to diagnose and treat illness.

SourceCell Press·JournalTrends in Cognitive Sciences·DateFeb 20, 2018

Shedding (high-power laser) light on the plasma density limit

Japanese researchers at Osaka University propose that substances heated by high-power lasers produce an ultrahigh pressure plasma state comparable to stellar centers. The surface tension of this plasma can push back light, and the researchers derive a limit density for laser-induced hole boring.

SourceOsaka University·JournalNature Communications·DateFeb 20, 2018
Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply

Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply powers sensors, microcontrollers, and test circuits with programmable rails and stable outputs.

Housing problems found to be common at safety-net community health centers

A new study from Massachusetts General Hospital reveals that over 40% of patients treated at community health centers have a history of housing problems. The researchers emphasize the importance of identifying these issues in a clinical setting to initiate referrals for housing assistance and other social services.

SourceMassachusetts General Hospital·JournalJAMA·DateFeb 20, 2018

UA study: Brain liquefaction after stroke is toxic to surviving brain

Researchers at the University of Arizona have discovered that brain liquefaction after a stroke can be toxic, slowly leaking into the remaining healthy portion of the brain and potentially causing harm. The study suggests that this toxic fluid may contribute to dementia after stroke.

SourceUniversity of Arizona Health Sciences·JournalNeurobiology of Disease·DateFeb 20, 2018

Researcher focuses on environmentally friendly plastics

A chemist at the University of Houston has received a $626,300 NSF CAREER Award to develop more versatile and sustainable ways of producing polyolefins. By varying catalyst design and modulating temperature and pressure, he aims to reduce energy intensity and environmental impact.

SourceUniversity of Houston·DateFeb 20, 2018

Land use change has warmed the Earth's surface

A recent study by the Joint Research Centre reveals that changes in global vegetation cover from 2000 to 2015 have made the planet warmer. The research found that the removal of tropical evergreen forests for agricultural expansion is the most significant factor contributing to local increases in surface temperature.

SourceEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre·JournalNature Communications·DateFeb 20, 2018

Resolvin D-1 limits kidney damage after heart attacks

Research found that resolvin D-1 limits heart attack-induced kidney inflammation and promotes reparative macrophage change. This suggests potential application to clinical settings for treating cardiorenal syndrome.

SourceUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham·JournalThe FASEB Journal·DateFeb 20, 2018
DJI Air 3 (RC-N2)

DJI Air 3 (RC-N2) captures 4K mapping passes and environmental surveys with dual cameras, long flight time, and omnidirectional obstacle sensing.

Researchers use data to look 'upstream' to see what makes patients sick

Researchers successfully used data to identify conditions that affect health and led to patient illnesses, allowing them to predict need for social service referrals. This approach has the potential to shift focus from treating ill patients to preventing future illnesses.

SourceIndiana University·JournalJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association·DateFeb 20, 2018

Atomic structure of ultrasound material not what anyone expected

Scientists used advanced microscopy techniques to study the atomic structure of PMN, a widely used relaxor material in ultrasound and sonar applications. The findings reveal that atoms are arranged in a gradual gradient, differing from conventional wisdom predictions.

SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalApplied Physics Letters·DateFeb 20, 2018

Rare find from the deep sea

Scientists from the University of Bonn and the US study a newly hatched dumbo octopus for the first time, revealing surprising similarities with adult animals. The rare find provides valuable insights into the extraordinary habitat of deep-sea dumbo octopuses.

SourceUniversity of Bonn·JournalCurrent Biology·DateFeb 20, 2018
Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm)

Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm) tracks health metrics and safety alerts during long observing sessions, fieldwork, and remote expeditions.

Reaching new heights in laser-accelerated ion energy

Researchers at the University of Strathclyde developed a laser-driven ion acceleration scheme, achieving proton energies of 100 mega-electron-volts. This innovation could lead to smaller, cheaper, and more efficient ion accelerators with transformative potential for various applications.

SourceUniversity of Strathclyde·JournalNature Communications·DateFeb 20, 2018

Guidelines for fluoride intake -- Are they appropriate?

Researchers question the longstanding guidelines for fluoride intake, citing changes in sources and prevalence of dental caries and fluorosis. The symposium highlights research gaps, including measuring total fluoride intake and evaluating its effects on children and adults.

SourceInternational Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research·JournalJournal of Dental Research·DateFeb 20, 2018

Designing microbial communities to help plants battle nutritional stress

A team of scientists has devised a general experimental scheme to identify and predict which small groups of bacterial species can help plants respond to phosphate starvation. The study demonstrates that the functional complexity of the root microbiome might be simplified by testing only a subset of all possible microbial combinations.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Biology·DateFeb 20, 2018
Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro)

Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro) powers local ML workloads, large datasets, and multi-display analysis for field and lab teams.

Computer models allow farmers to diversify pest management methods

Researchers developed mathematical models to analyze the connections between pest patterns of dispersal in crops and diversified intercropping systems. The models showed that spatial configurations can favor or inhibit pest dispersal, and identified the best refuge configuration to delay Bt crop resistance in pests.

SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalScientific Reports·DateFeb 20, 2018

New study aims to measure how PTSD affects police officers

A new study at the University at Buffalo aims to measure the effects of PTSD symptoms on attention and cognitive control in police officers. The research, led by Janet Shucard, will examine brain structure and function in police officers using electrophysiological activity and psychological interviews.

SourceUniversity at Buffalo·DateFeb 20, 2018

Study of mollusk epidemic could help save endangered sea snail

A new study finds that species adapted to colder waters are more vulnerable to withering syndrome, and that rising water temperatures lead to greater susceptibility. The research also suggests that genetics may play a role in the disease's impact on abalone populations.

SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalJournal of Invertebrate Pathology·DateFeb 20, 2018

Can your cardiac device be hacked?

Cybersecurity risks exist in cardiac devices due to software integration and wireless communications, according to the American College of Cardiology's Electrophysiology Council. The potential consequences include device malfunction, battery depletion, and interruptions in life-saving therapies.

SourceAmerican College of Cardiology·JournalJournal of the American College of Cardiology·DateFeb 20, 2018
AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope

AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope supports teaching labs and QA checks with LED illumination, mechanical stage, and included 5MP camera.

Climate projections show a warmer future for the Pacific northwest

Climate projections for the Pacific Northwest reveal a warmer future under high greenhouse gas concentrations, with temperatures expected to rise between 1.5 and 7 degrees Celsius. The regional consensus among climate models indicates that the region will become considerably warmer in the next century.

SourceOregon State University·JournalScientific Data·DateFeb 20, 2018

A drug long used to treat gout may help adult heart failure patients

Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have shown that probenecid may improve heart function in adult patients with heart failure by increasing ejection fraction and enhancing calcium use in cardiac muscle contraction. The study found promising results, suggesting a new potential treatment for this condition.

SourceUniversity of Cincinnati·JournalJournal of the American Heart Association·DateFeb 20, 2018

Pillars of academic innovation

The National Academy of Inventors (NAI) recognizes and encourages inventors with life-saving and life-changing advances. The journal Technology and Innovation features research on pillars of academic innovation, including public policy, industry-university partnerships, and mentorship of innovators.

SourceUniversity of South Florida·JournalJournal of Technology and Innovation·DateFeb 20, 2018

Some black holes erase your past

Mathematical calculations show that certain types of black holes can break down determinism, leading to unpredictable futures. The discovery provides evidence for a violation of strong cosmic censorship in a theory of gravity and electromagnetism.

SourceUniversity of California - Berkeley·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateFeb 20, 2018
Meta Quest 3 512GB

Meta Quest 3 512GB enables immersive mission planning, terrain rehearsal, and interactive STEM demos with high-resolution mixed-reality experiences.

Can menstrual cups help prevent vaginal infections?

Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago are investigating whether menstrual cup use reduces bacterial vaginosis and sexually transmitted infections in girls in Kenya. Studies have shown that menstrual cups can significantly reduce these infections by up to 52%.

SourceUniversity of Illinois Chicago·DateFeb 20, 2018
Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C)

Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.

Oil-eating microbes are challenged in the Arctic

A new review assesses the microbial degradation potential in Arctic seas, highlighting six factors challenging oil-eating microbes, including low temperatures, sea ice, and nutrient-poor environments. The research reveals that these factors can slow down biodegradation and reduce the efficiency of microbial degradation.

SourceAarhus University·JournalThe Science of The Total Environment·DateFeb 20, 2018

Postnatal depression has life-long impact on mother-child relations

Research found that postnatal depression continues to impact mother-child relationships into later life, affecting emotional, cognitive, and physical development in children. Women who experienced PND reported lower relationship quality with their offspring, even those now adults.

SourceUniversity of Kent·JournalPeerJ·DateFeb 20, 2018

Study exposes misperception of poaching on the GBR and its remedy

Researchers found that nearly 97% of recreational fishers considered poaching personally unacceptable, while a small minority believed it was common. The study suggests that the 'false consensus effect' may be influencing poachers' perceptions, making them overestimate the prevalence of poaching.

SourceARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies·JournalMarine Policy·DateFeb 20, 2018
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

Open data help scientists to unravel Earth systems

Researchers at the University of Helsinki's BioGeoClimate Modelling Lab have developed a new model to predict soil moisture using airborne laser scanning data. The study reveals that fine-scale topography is essential for modeling water distribution, providing valuable insights into climate change impact and biodiversity assessments.

SourceUniversity of Helsinki·DateFeb 20, 2018
Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.

The plastics industry is leaking huge amounts of microplastics

A recent study found that plastic pellets in marine environments have been leaking for decades, with continuous leakage leading to massive releases. Researchers calculated that 3-36 million pellets are spread every year from the Stenungsund production site.

SourceUniversity of Gothenburg·JournalMarine Pollution Bulletin·DateFeb 20, 2018

Bacteria-eaters to prevent food poisoning?

Researchers have found four bacteriophages effective in eliminating Yersinia enterocolitica from food and kitchenware. The study's results suggest phage treatment could become a routine method in food production to prevent foodborne infections.

SourceUniversity of Helsinki·JournalInternational Journal of Food Microbiology·DateFeb 20, 2018

The superionic form of water

Researchers have recreated superionic water, a state where oxygen remains fixed while protons flow freely, exhibiting properties of both solid and liquid. This discovery could lead to new materials with unique practical applications and provide insights into the physical properties of planets in our solar system.

SourceScuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati·JournalNature Physics·DateFeb 20, 2018

A trip to the mountains despite a heart condition?

High-altitude exposure affects cardiovascular systems differently for various individuals. Experts recommend maximum altitudes and caution when taking medications. Hiking can have a positive effect on disease progression and psychological well-being for those following guidelines.

SourceEurac Research·JournalEuropean Heart Journal·DateFeb 20, 2018
Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter

Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter is a trusted meter for precise measurements during instrument integration, repairs, and field diagnostics.

Health: Are the dice rolled before ten years of age?

Researchers found that children from disadvantaged households are at greater risk of low muscle strength and poor health status as adults. Chronic stress in childhood may alter the body's ability to maintain good health over time.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalAge and Ageing·DateFeb 20, 2018

Study: Corporations can benefit from altruism during a crisis

Research found that corporate social responsibility efforts during and after disasters build strong relationships with consumers if they appear altruistic on social media. Users who frequently use social media to find information during crises are more likely to trust companies engaged in CSR efforts.

SourceNorth Carolina State University·DateFeb 20, 2018

MicroRNA could help treat cancer and asthma

Researchers at Purdue University found that microRNA miR-223 can help control inflammatory disease by regulating the NF-kB pathway, which is critical in human bronchial epithelial cells. Supplementing this microRNA to epithelial cells may provide a new treatment option for asthma and cancer.

SourcePurdue University·JournalCell Reports·DateFeb 20, 2018
GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter

GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter logs beta, gamma, and X-ray levels for environmental monitoring, training labs, and safety demonstrations.

Largest study of its kind finds alcohol use biggest risk factor for dementia

A nationwide observational study of over one million adults with dementia found that alcohol use disorders are the most important preventable risk factors for dementia. Chronic heavy drinking was linked to 57% of early-onset dementia cases, highlighting the need for screening and treatment interventions.

SourceCentre for Addiction and Mental Health·JournalThe Lancet Public Health·DateFeb 20, 2018

Low-fat or low-carb? It's a draw, Stanford study finds

A Stanford University School of Medicine study found that cutting carbs or fats results in similar weight loss, with no association between individual biological factors and diet success. Participants followed either a low-fat or low-carb diet for one year, showing that the fundamental strategy for losing weight is to eat whole foods.

SourceStanford Medicine·JournalJAMA·DateFeb 20, 2018
Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars

Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars deliver bright, sharp views for wildlife surveys, eclipse chases, and quick star-field scans at dark sites.

Past encounters with the flu shape vaccine response

New research suggests that immune history with flu plays a significant role in vaccine effectiveness, rather than egg adaptations. The study found that antibodies produced from previous encounters with flu tend to take precedence over new vaccinations, making the vaccine less protective for those with a history of infection.

SourceUniversity of Chicago Medical Center·JournalClinical Infectious Diseases·DateFeb 20, 2018

Countries investing in well-being allocate resources to child and adolescent psychiatry

A new study by the Eurasian Child & Adolescent Mental Health Study network reveals a strong correlation between Human Development Index scores and the availability of mental health services. Countries with high HDI rankings have higher ratios of child and adolescent psychiatrists per population size, indicating better investment in chi...

SourceUniversity of Turku·JournalEuropean Child & Adolescent Psychiatry·DateFeb 20, 2018

Typhoid outbreak: Genetic cause of extensive drug-resistance found

A study published in mBio reveals that a strain of typhoid acquired an additional piece of DNA encoding multiple antibiotic resistance genes, making it extensively drug-resistant. This outbreak highlights the urgent need for preventive measures, including vaccines, to combat the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance.

SourceWellcome Trust Sanger Institute·JournalmBio·DateFeb 20, 2018

Preventing the misdiagnosis of cellulitis

A new study finds that early consultation by a dermatologist can improve health-related outcomes and reduce costs associated with misdiagnosed pseudocellulitis. The researchers estimate that this intervention could prevent up to 256,000 hospitalization days and $210 million in net cost savings annually.

SourceBrigham and Women's Hospital·JournalJAMA Dermatology·DateFeb 20, 2018
Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition

Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition is a durable star atlas for planning sessions, identifying targets, and teaching celestial navigation.

New imaging technology may help predict aggressiveness of lung cancer

A new computerized tissue-imaging program could identify lung cancer patients at higher risk of recurrence, allowing for targeted chemotherapy to be administered. The program, supported by a $3.16 million National Cancer Institute grant, uses digital images of tissue biopsies to analyze the shape and texture of cancer cells.

SourceCase Western Reserve University·DateFeb 20, 2018

Microanalysis of biological samples for early disease detection

Researchers at Osaka University have developed a nonlinear optical crystal chip combining THz waves with microfluidic devices, enabling sensitive detection of low concentrations in small volumes. The technique has great potential for early disease detection and non-destructive analysis of living cells.

SourceOsaka University·JournalAPL Photonics·DateFeb 20, 2018

Pulsating Aurora mysteries uncovered with help from NASA's THEMIS mission

New research using NASA's THEMIS and Japan's ERG satellite data reveals chirping waves cause pulsating auroras by disturbing electrons in Earth's upper atmosphere. The discovery provides a definitive explanation for the mysterious phenomenon, with implications for understanding plasma waves across the universe.

SourceNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center·JournalNature·DateFeb 20, 2018

'Icebreaker' protein opens genome for t cell development, Penn researchers find

A study by Penn researchers reveals that the 'Icebreaker' protein TCF-1 plays a crucial role in targeting condensed chromatin and regulating genome sequences in T-cell development. This breakthrough has significant implications for developing new therapies using epigenetic drugs to alter T-cell fate.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalImmunity·DateFeb 20, 2018

Brain immune system is key to recovery from motor neuron degeneration

Researchers at University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that microglia, a type of brain immune cell, are essential for dealing with TDP-43-associated neuron death in ALS. Microglia proliferation and activation helped clear accumulated human TDP-43 from motor neurons, restoring muscle function and mobility.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalNature Neuroscience·DateFeb 20, 2018

Fancy a jellyfish chip?

Researchers at the University of Southern Denmark have developed a new method to rapidly transform the soft body of jellyfish into a crunchy treat. The technique, which uses ethanol, produces crispy jellyfish chips that could be of potential gastronomic interest.

SourceBiophysical Society·DateFeb 20, 2018

Clues to obesity's roots found in brain's quality control process

Scientists have identified a key protein quality control mechanism in the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating appetite and weight. The discovery sheds light on how genetic mutations can lead to severe forms of childhood obesity.

SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateFeb 20, 2018

How to get the most out of foreign investment

A study by HSE researchers found that foreign investments can have a positive effect only for companies with specific resource endowments. The presence of foreign property does not affect the performance of companies in general. Instead, dynamic capabilities play a key role in transforming foreign investment into added economic value.

SourceNational Research University Higher School of Economics·JournalKnowledge Management Research & Practice·DateFeb 20, 2018

Grey squirrels beat reds in 'battle of wits'

Wild grey squirrels were more successful at solving complex problems than native red squirrels, with over 90% cracking the difficult task. The study suggests superior behavioural flexibility may have facilitated their dominance in the UK.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalAnimal Behaviour·DateFeb 20, 2018

MRI technique differentiates benign breast lesions from malignancies

Researchers developed an MRI technique that eliminates contrast agents, reducing unnecessary biopsies and detecting 98% of malignant lesions. The diffusion kurtosis imaging method provides a microscopic level picture of breast tissue, helping to clarify suspicious findings.

SourceRadiological Society of North America·JournalRadiology·DateFeb 20, 2018

Latest palliative care findings on caregiver depression, LGBT partners, moral distress

A recent study on hospital palliative care reveals high rates of caregiver depression and significant moral distress among resident physicians. The research also explores the challenges faced by LGBT individuals who have lost a partner, including homophobia and additional legal and financial issues. Effective interventions, such as adv...

SourceLoyola Medicine·JournalJournal of Hospital Medicine·DateFeb 20, 2018

Medicine alone does not completely suppress testosterone levels among transgender women

A recent study published in Endocrine Practice found that only a quarter of transgender women could lower their testosterone levels within the female range using spironolactone and estrogen therapy. The researchers identified four groups with varying degrees of testosterone suppression, highlighting the need for further studies to unde...

SourceBoston University School of Medicine·JournalEndocrine Practice·DateFeb 20, 2018

Beluga whales dive deeper, longer to find food in Arctic

New research finds that beluga whales are diving deeper and longer to find food as sea ice loss changes their Arctic habitat. The whales' diving behavior has increased significantly over nearly two decades, with dives lasting up to 3 times a day and depths reaching 64 meters.

SourceUniversity of Washington·JournalDiversity and Distributions·DateFeb 20, 2018

'Demographic compensation' may not save plants facing changing climate

A study of the scarlet monkeyflower found mixed results for demographic compensation as a means of avoiding population declines in response to changing climate conditions. Despite increases in flowering rates, many southern populations declined due to reduced survival and growth rates.

SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 20, 2018

When proteins shake hands

Researchers from Jena University successfully created protein nanofibres with defined properties by combining two different proteins through a self-assembly process. The hybrid fibres can be used as components in biosensors, drug delivery particles, optical probes, or bone cements.

SourceFriedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena·JournalACS Nano·DateFeb 20, 2018

Are bots a danger for political election campaigns?

Researchers analyzed over 540,000 tweets to find nearly 80% of them were duplicates or re-tweets originating from bot accounts. The study found that right-wing internet activists used social bots to spread nationalistic content and boosted Abe's election campaign.

SourceFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg·JournalBig Data·DateFeb 20, 2018

Illinois researchers researchers find tweeting in cities lower than expected

Researchers found less people tweet per capita from larger cities compared to smaller ones, but identified a group of prolific tweeters who serve as information broadcasters for larger cities. This study challenges previous results and provides new insights into urban pace of life and social media behavior.

SourceUniversity of Illinois Grainger College of Engineering·JournalSAGE Open·DateFeb 20, 2018

NASA sees ex-Tropical Cyclone Gita affecting New Zealand

Ex-Tropical Cyclone Gita's northerly wind shear caused the storm to break apart, affecting New Zealand with gusty winds, ocean swells, and heavy rain. The storm brought severe weather watches and warnings, including state of emergency declarations in several regions.

SourceNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center·DateFeb 20, 2018

Social media as good a barometer of public health attitudes as traditional phone polling

Researchers found that analyzing Twitter conversations about Zika and other public health crises can provide accurate insights into community attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors. This method offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional phone-based polling, which can be slow and expensive.

SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalJMIR Public Health and Surveillance·DateFeb 20, 2018

New VaxArray potency test kit for pandemic flu vaccines

The new test kit, developed with licensed monoclonal antibodies from the US FDA, offers a rapid and sensitive potency assay for dose-sparing and adjuvanted flu vaccines. This enables a faster vaccine response in severe outbreaks or pandemics, addressing the need for speed in combating deadly avian H7N9 viruses.

SourceInDevR, Inc.·DateFeb 20, 2018

Researchers invent light-emitting nanoantennas

A research group from ITMO University combined a nanoantenna with a light source in a single nanoparticle, generating, enhancing and routing emission. The scientists discovered that the emission can be enhanced if its spectra match with Mie-resonant mode, making them efficient light sources at room temperature.

SourceITMO University·JournalNano Letters·DateFeb 20, 2018

Why polymer solar cells deserve their place in the sun

Research into polymer solar cells has made significant advances, with increased numbers of publications and patents. However, the technology is unlikely to replace traditional silicon solar cells due to durability and efficiency issues.

SourceAmerican Institute of Physics·JournalJournal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy·DateFeb 20, 2018

Astronomers reveal secrets of most distant supernova ever detected

The team discovered DES16C2nm, a superluminous supernova, in the Dark Energy Survey, providing insights into the explosion and its potential connection to magnetars. The detection offers opportunities for advances in stellar astrophysics and cosmology, allowing researchers to study the expansion history of the universe.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania·DateFeb 20, 2018

Diabetes did not increase early retirement

A Finnish study found that individuals with diabetes experienced fewer work-loss years than those without the condition. Those who retired early also worked an average of two years longer due to their diabetes diagnosis.

SourceUniversity of Jyväskylä - Jyväskylän yliopisto·JournalActa Diabetologica·DateFeb 20, 2018

A delivery platform for gene-editing technology

A new gene-editing technology has been developed to improve the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9, allowing for safer and more efficient correction of disease-causing mutations in patients. The system uses a nano-sized porous material to coat the molecular components of CRISPR/Cas9, enabling efficient release into cells.

SourceKing Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST)·JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society·DateFeb 20, 2018