A new family of viruses, Autolykiviridae, has been discovered that kill more marine bacteria than previously known tailed viruses. These viruses may also be present in the human gut and could play a role in maintaining the ocean's ecology and influencing human health.
A recent study reveals substantial inequalities in cesarean births persisting across countries, with higher rates among the richest fifths indicating overuse. The researchers emphasize the need for targeted policies to ensure equitable access to caesarean sections and improve maternal and newborn health.
Researchers found that elevated frequencies of a specific protein-expressing T cell correlate with increased HIV infection risk and more severe disease in women. Existing treatments for inflammatory bowel disease may be repurposed as valuable interventions for HIV.
Researchers at Florida State University are developing a new nonmedication treatment for ADHD using video games. The Central Executive Training program aims to boost brain executive functions and reduce hyperactivity symptoms in children. A five-year NIH grant will test the effectiveness of this innovative approach.
Researchers found that women in female-dominated workplaces face a 'women's work penalty' with worse access to flexible working arrangements. The study, published in the European Journal of Industrial Relations, suggests that low wages are accompanied by poor working conditions.
Parkinson's UK is providing over $1 million in funding to Neurolixis to accelerate the development of a promising new drug for people with Parkinson's. The project aims to address L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, a disabling side effect of long-term L-DOPA treatment.
Researchers at Oregon State University discovered that exposure to valproic acid, a migraine treatment, causes characteristics similar to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in zebrafish. The study validated zebrafish as a model for studying ASD and its causes, providing a faster and more efficient alternative to traditional rodent models.
A recent study by MLU psychologists found that nearly a third of residents near wind farms experience little to no annoyance from the noise, while one in ten suffer from stress symptoms. The researchers recommend proactive addressing residents' concerns during planning phases and providing early information campaigns.
A study found that terrorist attacks do not change employers' hiring practices, despite public opinion reacting to the attacks. Ethnic discrimination against Pakistanis remains consistent before and after terrorist attacks in Norway.
Entomologist Brian Brown discovers the new fly species, named Megapropodiphora arnoldi, with highly reduced legs and tiny wings. The fly is likely a parasitoid of ants or termites.
Researchers at Aarhus University have found a new mechanism by which an antibody can prevent allergic reactions, including those caused by birch pollen and insect venom. The antibody interferes with the binding of IgE molecules to immune cells, thereby eliminating allergic symptoms.
A new study found that Medicaid expansion in the US led to improved access to surgery and higher quality surgical care, with significant improvements seen within less than two years. The study analyzed data from nearly 300,000 patients and compared 27 states with expanded Medicaid coverage to 15 without expansion.
Researchers found that fewer than one in five stroke survivors met at least four ideal health metrics, including healthy eating and exercise. The proportion who failed to meet even one criterion has increased over time, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve cardiovascular health.
Researchers at Osaka University redesigned a polymer to improve its hole conductivity, enhancing solar power conversion performance. This design enables mass production through simple printing methods, potentially lowering costs and increasing adoption of plastic solar cells.
A team at Brigham Young University has developed a method to produce full-color, aerial volumetric images with 10-micron image points using photophoretic optical trapping. The display can be seen from any angle, unlike traditional holographic projections, and is akin to a 3D printer for light.
The study found that ACA's Medicaid expansion led to significant increases in insurance coverage and a greater likelihood of patients receiving timely and optimal care for five common surgical conditions. This improvement was particularly notable for patients with serious surgical conditions such as appendicitis or aortic aneurysm.
A study by MUSC Health found that using a mechanical ISDD and educating staff led to a nearly four-fold decrease in contaminated blood cultures. This reduction resulted in improved accurate diagnoses, decreased antibiotic use, and cost savings.
A century of observations reveals how sea-level rise is increasing tidal range in the Chesapeake and Delaware bays, impacting ocean navigation, fishing, and energy sources. The study found that sea-level rise can amplify tidal effects in some areas, while decreasing them in others.
Researchers have found that changes in adipose tissue lipid metabolism contribute to the development of heart failure. The study suggests that targeting fat tissue may provide a new approach to treating heart disease.
The study provides a complete genome assembly of the planarian flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea, revealing novel giant repeat elements, new genes, and the absence of certain essential genes. The discovery has potential implications for understanding regeneration research and stem cell biology.
A new comprehensive system, SAEBRS, equips teachers to identify students at risk of mental health issues through student self-assessments. The tool aims to provide early intervention and support to nearly 1 in 5 students who experience severe mental or behavioral health problems during their academic careers.
Researchers studied over 2,500 hugs to understand how emotional context affects hug behavior. They found that emotional states influence the lateralization of hugs, with left-sided hugs more common in positive situations and right-sided hugs in negative contexts. Handedness and footedness also play a role in predicting hug direction.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab have unraveled the mystery of a multiplier mechanism in an organic crystal, which holds promise for dramatically boosting the efficiency of organic solar cells. The discovery explains how this reaction can occur in just tens of femtoseconds, avoiding loss of energy as heat.
A new study from the University of Sheffield suggests that vitamin D supplements could help alleviate painful IBS symptoms. The research found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in IBS patients, regardless of ethnicity, and showed that vitamin D supplements had the most benefit on quality of life.
A study published in British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology analyzed herbal product interactions with prescription medications. The analysis revealed significant adverse drug reactions, particularly among patients taking warfarin and statins for cardiovascular complications.
Scientists at UNC School of Medicine and UCSF have solved the first high-resolution crystal structure of the dopamine 2 receptor bound to risperidone, a commonly prescribed antipsychotic medication. This discovery may lead to more selective medications with fewer side effects for patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autis...
A new silicon-based sensor developed by TU Wien measures electric field strength without distortion, with potential applications in weather forecasting, industrial process control, and high-voltage power line safety. The sensor achieves impressive levels of precision, reliably measuring weak fields of less than 200 volts per meter.
Researchers develop hybrid material combining nacre mimetic with silver nanowires, exhibiting excellent heating properties and high flexibility. The composite material shows promise for wearable devices, such as bendable heaters.
A new database, CHILDdb, is being developed by SFU researchers to help identify genetic and environmental factors contributing to childhood asthma. The database will enable precision medicine to diagnose and prevent the disease earlier, reducing healthcare costs.
Scientists at Cardiff University have developed a new method to calculate tsunami size and destructive force by measuring acoustic gravity waves. The technology uses fast-moving underwater sound waves generated after tsunami trigger events, such as earthquakes, making them an ideal source of information for early warning systems.
Researchers conducted a comprehensive study on cloud seeding, tracing the transition of ice crystals into snowflakes and observing the effects of silver iodide on cloud seeding. The study provides direct, quantifiable observations for the first time, shedding light on the effectiveness of cloud seeding in increasing winter snowfall.
A new study by the Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for the Ischemic Stroke (DEFUSE 3) trial demonstrated that brain-scan guided emergency stroke treatment can be effective up to 16 hours after symptom onset. The treatment led to improved outcomes, including increased functional independence and survival rates.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered that two proteins, COX2 and YAP1, work together to maintain bladder cancer stem cells, which cause chemotherapy resistance. Targeting these proteins may lead to improved treatment outcomes for patients with bladder cancer.
Researchers have successfully synthesized cubic, semiconducting titanium nitride (Ti3N4) with excellent mechanical and wear resistance properties. The material has a larger band gap than expected and is expected to exhibit improved optoelectronic properties, making it suitable for electronic devices.
University of Texas researchers use supercomputer simulations to study how blast waves affect the brain's perineuronal nets, potentially leading to life-threatening injuries. They also explore materials for space shuttles, aiming to improve their durability and performance.
A recent study has shed new light on the biology of M. leprae, revealing genes associated with antibiotic resistance and potentially leading to new treatments. The research also suggests that leprosy originated in the Far East, challenging long-held assumptions about its origins.
Researchers found that students who expect higher scores tend to achieve them, contradicting the idea that overconfidence hinders academic success. Girls are also more accurate in their predictions than boys, becoming faster to adapt as they progress through exams.
Researchers have created the world's first monkey clones using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a technique that made Dolly the sheep. The cloned monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, are genetically identical long-tailed macaques born recently at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Neuroscience in Shanghai.
A study by Penn State researchers found correlations between natural disasters, declining farm income, and opioid overdoses in rural America. Opioid-related deaths are increasing in rural counties, with a 10% rise for every $10,000 reduction in net farm income.
The Office of Dietary Supplements at NIH has released two new resources to help people understand the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements promoted for fitness and weight loss. The fact sheets cover over 20 ingredients found in these products, including antioxidants, creatine, and protein.
ProjectDR enables clinicians to see patients' internal anatomy displayed right on the body, using motion-tracking and projection technologies. The system has vast applications in teaching, physiotherapy, laparoscopic surgery, and surgical planning.
A study by Tokyo Medical and Dental University found that protein YAP rescued SCA1 pathology when expressed during development, but not as an adult. The researchers also discovered a link between YAP and the transcriptional co-activator RORα, which plays a crucial role in cerebellum development.
Researchers at the University of California, Riverside found that Argentine ants produce compounds dolichodial and iridomyrmecin to attack harvester ants, causing irritation and disorientation. The study's findings could lead to new pest control strategies using synthetic versions of these chemicals.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a new phase change material, Cr2Ge2Te6, that achieves a significant reduction in power consumption for data recording in phase change memory (PCRAM). The material exhibits an inverse resistance change and combines low operation energy, high data retention, and fast operation speed.
The NASA GOLD Mission observes the dynamic intermingling of space and Earth's uppermost atmosphere, seeking to understand what drives change in this critical region. The mission provides fast observations to monitor hour-by-hour changes in space weather and improves forecasting models for satellites, astronauts, and life on Earth.
A new technique allows researchers to switch emission between long- and short-wavelength edges of photonic bandgap by applying a voltage of 20 V. This is achieved through modifying the dipole moment of cholesteric liquid crystals.
The John Innes Centre announces the Janaki Ammal Scholarship Scheme to support postgraduate research applicants from eligible countries. The scholarships cover tuition fees for students studying plant and microbial sciences, aiming to reduce financial impact on international students.
Researchers found that babies exposed to high levels of air pollution in the womb had shorter telomeres, linked to higher risk of cancer, heart disease, and premature death. The study suggests that reducing air pollution exposure can have long-term benefits for children's health.
Researchers created a quantum many-body system using trapped atoms in an artificial crystal, enabling them to study the physics of magnetic materials. By controlled shaking of the crystal, they switched between two forms of magnetic order, a crucial process for data storage.
Researchers found that initial bone parameters significantly correlate with the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Peak bone mass and density appear to play a more crucial role in fragility fractures than previously thought.
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage is a rare type of stroke occurring in 6% of pregnant women, with better outcomes compared to non-pregnant women. Pregnant women with sSAH have lower mortality rates and are more likely to be discharged home.
Researchers found that RSV and rhinovirus trigger different molecular pathways in the NFkB pathway, a protein cascade involved in inflammation. This discovery suggests that steroids may be effective for rhinovirus but not for RSV, paving the way for targeted treatment approaches.
Researchers have made significant progress in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the development of molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These treatments aim to attack tumor cells with mutated genes, but resistance is a common challenge.
The new guideline increases the window of time for selected patients to receive mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel strokes, up to 16 hours after a stroke. It also broadens eligibility for administering a clot-busting IV drug called alteplase, potentially increasing the number of people receiving intravenous clot-busting treatment.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that adolescents who experienced racism between 11-23 years old are more likely to take up smoking. The study analyzed questionnaire and interview data from over 6500 pupils, revealing a strong link between racial trauma and the development of smoking habits.
A team of researchers used wild rice as a 'canary in a coal mine' to discover sulfate's conversion into toxic sulfide, harming fish and ecosystems. Human activities like mining, sewage, and fertilizers release sulfate, which accelerates decomposition and increases mercury contamination.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute have made a groundbreaking discovery that may advance neural stem cell treatments for brain disorders. The study reveals how an mRNA modification impacts the life of neural stem cells, and how it regulates histone modifications to maintain their self-renewal.
Researchers found that sleep apnea after a stroke significantly increased the risk of experiencing another stroke or dying. The study also identified a strong association between Mexican-American ethnicity and a higher risk of recurrent stroke or death.
A Brazilian startup has developed a porous silica magnetic microparticle that can selectively adsorb different molecules, allowing for efficient purification of substances in various industries. This technology reduces production costs by skipping filtration or centrifugation stages, resulting in lower costs and shorter production times.
A clinical trial led by Stanford University researchers found that brain-imaging software identified patients who could benefit from clot-removal procedure up to 10 hours after stroke onset. The study showed improved outcomes for nearly half of patients treated between six and 16 hours after symptoms began.