A large retrospective study found that obese men and those with metabolic syndrome had a higher risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Patients with obesity had a 32% higher chance of recurrence compared to those with normal weight, while those with metabolic syndrome had over four-fold increased risk.
Boston University researcher Michelle T. Long has received a five-year, $1 million NIH grant to continue her research on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Her study will focus on the clinical and genetic traits associated with hepatic fibrosis in 3,500 participants.
A study published in The Journal of Pediatrics reports the use of pyridostigmine to reverse complications from botulinum toxin therapy in pediatric patients. Early treatment with pyridostigmine can alleviate symptoms such as difficulty swallowing or breathing, and patients may regain normal function within days.
The Mesp1 gene plays a crucial role in cardiovascular lineage segregation and regional specification of the heart. Single-cell molecular profiling identified distinct populations of cardiac progenitors with unique molecular features associated with early lineage restriction and region-specific identity.
A new study suggests that older adults who are frail are twice as likely to experience delirium following elective surgery than those of an older age. The review found that a history of delirium, frailty, and cognitive impairment are the risk factors most strongly associated with developing postoperative delirium.
Exposing the gut to chlamydia provides robust protection against subsequent genital tract and other tissue infections, according to a study published in Infection and Immunity. The discovery has significant vaccine implications for preventing genital chlamydia, particularly among young people.
Entomologist Paul Marek has discovered a new millipede species, Apheloria polychroma, which boasts an impressive array of colors and contains cyanide that deters birds from snacking on it. This unique trait also helps other millipedes evade predators through Mullerian mimicry.
Researchers found widespread redactions in commercially sponsored trial protocols, making them useless for assessing ethical justification and identifying discrepancies with publications. The study highlights the mistrust in industry-sponsored drug trials and calls for unconditional access to trial protocols and data.
A new study from the American Heart Association found that stress and high blood pressure are associated with an increased risk of brain bleeds in sub-Saharan Africa. Consuming green leafy vegetables has been shown to be strongly protective against these bleeds, according to researchers.
A global study by researchers at Senckenberg Nature Research Society and Goethe University Frankfurt found that mammals cover half to one-third of their usual distances in human-modified areas. This reduction affects ecosystem functions, including nutrient transport and species interactions.
Researchers have identified 10 previously unknown bacterial immune defense mechanisms, which may provide new insights into the evolution of human immunity. These systems include novel Toll-Interleukin Receptor domains and genes 'borrowed' from non-defensive bacterial systems.
The proposed integrated Materials Acceleration Platforms (MAPs) could cut the average time for developing a useful new material from 20 years down to one or two years. The report recommends six key areas to create these platforms, including self-driving laboratories, AI for materials discovery, and modular materials robotics.
A study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing found that urban black men experience varying emotional responses to intentional and unintentional injuries, including heightened feelings of fear and distrust. These reactions can lead to social withdrawal and inadequate support, emphasizing the need for trauma-informed int...
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center developed the MIND diet to promote brain health, which has been associated with reduced Alzheimer's risk and slower cognitive decline. Study results show that stroke survivors who adhered to the diet had substantially slower rate of cognitive decline compared to those who didn't.
A recent study found that the MIND diet significantly slowed cognitive decline in stroke survivors, with a focus on brain-healthy nutrients like folate, vitamin E, and omega-3 fatty acids. By emphasizing these foods, individuals may be able to protect their brain health and reduce the risk of dementia.
A new study found that direct aspiration first pass (ADAPT) approach is clinically equivalent to stent retriever first-line (SRFL) approach for treating large vessel occlusion strokes. Patients treated with ADAPT achieved functional independence at 90 days similar to those treated with SRFL.
A recent study found that reducing daily cigarette use led to a significant decrease in opioid dependence, with an 18.8% reduction reported among participants in the PROMPT project.
A new Honeycomb Maze design offers a significant improvement over current spatial navigation tests, allowing for systematic analysis of animal decisions. The novel test replicates the advantages of the Morris Water Maze while providing a simple measure of success, demonstrating consistency and reproducibility in control animals.
Researchers identified otopetrin family genes encoding proton-conducting ion channels involved in maintaining balance. These channels also play a role in sensing acidic substances, contributing to sour taste perception.
Researchers found that more than one in ten stroke survivors struggle to afford recommended medications, despite increased Medicaid coverage. The percentage of young stroke patients unable to obtain necessary medications due to cost concerns remained largely unchanged between 2010 and 2015.
Researchers found that mosquitoes associate odors with unpleasant mechanical shocks, leading them to avoid those scents. The insects' ability to process and learn from odor information relies on dopamine in the brain.
A six-year study found no benefits or protective effects of giving teenagers alcohol when compared to those not given alcohol. Parental provision was associated with increased likelihood of accessing alcohol through other sources. The study advises against supplying alcohol to teenagers to reduce risk of alcohol-related harms.
Dr. Alex Huang's research aims to understand how macrophages support osteosarcoma growth in lung tissues and develop effective therapeutic options for pulmonary osteosarcoma metastasis.
Researchers at Emory University have successfully tested a tactic for controlling dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease by reducing striatal projection neuron hyperactivity with NMDA receptor antagonists. The study aims to develop new treatment options with improved effectiveness for people with Parkinson's disease.
A Penn State research team has created a system that uses microbial reactors to rapidly break down solid and liquid waste, producing a nutritious food source for astronauts on deep-space missions. The system, which can minimize pathogen growth, uses anaerobic digestion to convert human waste into edible biomass.
Scientists have pinpointed seven bacterial species whose presence in high concentrations may significantly increase the risk of HIV infection in women. The study, which used data from six African nations, found that women carrying these bacteria had a 4.6-to-1 increased odds of acquiring HIV.
Vocal songs serving similar functions tend to sound similar worldwide, regardless of cultural background. Listeners from diverse countries accurately inferred song functions based on brief musical excerpts.
The Learning Sciences Research Institute at UIC is studying how teachers learn and acquire knowledge to promote critical inquiry and deep reading in science, mathematics, and literature classrooms. The project aims to inform ideas about teaching practices that support student problem-solving and inquiry-based learning.
A recent study has confirmed that the spleen acts as an HIV sanctuary, hiding the virus from detection even when antiretroviral therapy is effective. Researchers also explore natural products with therapeutic compounds and gather insights on people living with HIV's perceptions of cure-related research.
Researchers found that mosquitoes can learn and remember human smells and associate them with defensive behaviors, leading them to avoid hosts who swat at them. This aversive learning is mediated by dopamine and can be exploited for mosquito control.
A new study reveals that starvation of sugar can trigger a unique signaling function in cancer cells, leading to cell death. By manipulating this property, researchers propose a potential combination therapy to target cancer metabolism and selectively kill cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact.
A new extinct insect species, †Caputoraptor elegans, has been discovered with a novel body structure likely used for mating. The species features a unique cephalo-thoracic scissor device on females, which may be used to cling to males during copulation.
Domesticated honeybees contribute to wild bee declines through resource competition and disease spread. Researchers recommend policies to limit managed honeybee impact, including hive size limits and controls on hives in protected areas.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a new method of cell preservation using desiccation, which shows promise as an alternative to cryopreservation via liquid nitrogen. The method involves removing water from cells, resulting in a stable solid that can be stored in conventional freezers or refrigerators.
Researchers propose a revolutionary theory that horses never lost all their digits. They suggest that the first and fifth toes are still present in the form of ridges on modern horse hooves, contradicting the long-held idea that four-toed ancestors evolved into one-toed descendants.
A jawbone dating to 177,000-194,000 years ago has revealed that modern humans were present in the Levant at least 50,000 years earlier than previously thought. The discovery suggests an earlier demographic replacement or genetic admixture with local populations.
A recent study has found that contact with plastic waste significantly increases the chance of disease in corals. Dr. Joleah Lamb led the research, which examined over 120,000 corals on 159 reefs across Asia-Pacific regions. The findings highlight the critical role plastics play in promoting disease among marine organisms.
Researchers discovered that mitochondria operate at temperatures up to 50°C, contradicting the long-held assumption of 37.5°C. This finding has significant implications for our understanding of cellular processes and energy production.
Researchers used UV laser photolysis to improve diamond synthesis by suppressing unwanted side products. The technique promotes faster and better-quality diamond growth, opening up new possibilities for material synthesis.
A recent study by Penn State researchers found that training individuals in portion-control strategies can lead to healthier food choices and reduced overall calorie intake. The study showed that even when given larger portions, participants who received training chose lower-calorie-dense foods and consumed fewer calories.
Research suggests that working before and after a stroke is linked to better brain health two years post-stroke. Adult stroke survivors who were employed prior to their stroke had lower cognitive decline risk and fewer unhealthy brain changes compared to those who were unemployed.
A new study from the University at Buffalo School of Management found that investors lose more than 3% of their investment when equity analysts are involved in a firm's initial public offering. The researchers discovered that information from analyst reports is less informative and less accurate, resulting in losses for investors but b...
The partnership between Rothamsted Research and Timac Agro UK aims to develop practical solutions for farmers through research, development, and real-life improvements. By investing in research and people, the collaboration seeks to create a flexible industry that provides innovative solutions for agriculture.
Yale Cancer Center investigators developed a new statistical model to assess patient risk for cancer, which can result in more efficient and effective clinical trials. This approach can guarantee that the statistical power of the study is adequate to demonstrate if a new treatment is effective.
Prof. Dr. Stefanie Gräfe from Friedrich Schiller University Jena receives €1.9 million ERC grant to investigate plasmonic dynamics and molecular structure in metallic systems, aiming to develop highly sensitive sensors.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic developed a new test that can establish which inherited BRCA2 gene mutations increase the risk of breast or ovarian cancer. The study identified 54 pathogenic mutations and expanded the list of neutral mutations, providing better decision-making options for patients with genetic testing results.
A new study by City St George's University of London challenges the conventional perception of competition in financial markets as a war-like, ruthless environment. Instead, firms within syndicated markets adopt a relational approach to competition, incorporating collaboration and reciprocity.
Researchers found that the modern human brain shape developed gradually within the species, with fossils showing a transition from elongated to globular shapes between 100,000 and 35,000 years ago. This evolution was independent of brain size and was accompanied by changes in early brain development.
Rice University researchers confirmed their theory on the mechanism behind a fluorescent biosensor that monitors neurons by sensing changes in voltage. They developed a method to test fluorescent biosensors using computer simulations, resolving a decade-long debate between scientists.
A 177,000-194,000-year-old fossil found in Israel shifts the estimated departure time of humans from Africa by 40,000-50,000 years. The discovery includes sophisticated stone tools with Levallois technique features, linking technology emergence to Homo sapiens appearance
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a silicon metamaterial surface that enables precise control of colorful patterns with subwavelength resolution. The system uses nanoscale patterns to convert optical radiation into localized energy, demonstrating vivid colors and two-color information within individual pixels.
Research reveals ultrafine particles can cause powerful storms, intensify clouds, and increase rainfall. The smallest of particles have a significant impact on weather patterns, even at high concentrations in clean environments.
A study by University of Oxford researchers reveals that bacteria approach conflict in a coordinated manner, responding to threats with collective retaliation. The research shows that different strains exhibit varying levels of aggression and can even detect incoming attacks to warn other cells, enabling sophisticated defense strategies.
Researchers from TU Delft have found a way to convert the spin information of electrons into a predictable light signal at room temperature, bringing together spintronics and nanophotonics. This discovery could lead to the development of energy-efficient data processing methods.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki propose a new evolutionary scenario for snake origins, shifting focus from lizards to ecological habitats. Their study suggests that early snakes evolved from burrowing to various habitats like water and forests.
The Global Polio Laboratory Network has successfully tested for soil transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis in Ghana, identifying a prevalence of 22% for combined helminth infections. The study demonstrates the potential for adapting GPLN labs for monitoring and control of neglected tropical diseases.
Researchers found that each 1-hour delay in treatment reduces the chance of recovery with minimal or no disability by 11 percent. Prompt clot removal through 24 hours can improve outcomes for patients, but the overall effect of treatment declines with time.
Nearly half of California's natural vegetation is at risk from climate stress, with a study finding that reducing greenhouse gas emissions could lower this number to 21-28 percent. The research also highlights areas that are more resilient to climate change, such as some coastal regions and parts of northwestern California.
Researchers are struggling to develop a reliable roadside test for marijuana intoxication, as THC levels can vary greatly depending on factors such as consumption method and pairing with alcohol. New biomarkers and tests are being explored to improve safety on the roads and address the complexities of cannabis use.
Researchers at Newcastle University found that only two out of six essential medicines were easily available in private pharmacies, with many more listed in Indian databases but unaffordable. The study calls for a review of available brands and the setting up of a centralized database to address inadequate access to essential medicines.