Researchers discovered that a specific mix of hydrogen bonds is critical to making strong and ductile infrastructure materials. The optimal overlap of oxygen and hydrogen atoms forms a network of weak hydrogen bonds that connects soft and hard layers.
A new study published in BMC Medicine found that the rotavirus vaccine has a disproportionate impact on reducing gastrointestinal disease in the UK's most deprived communities. The vaccine has been shown to decrease hospitalisations and attendances by up to 80% and 32%, respectively, among these populations.
A new study reveals that people with preclinical Alzheimer's disease experience significant disruptions in their internal body clocks, even after controlling for other factors. These circadian rhythm disruptions are linked to increased risk of developing the disorder and may serve as a biomarker for early detection.
A study found that Americans spent more time at home in 2012, saving 1,700 trillion BTU in energy consumption. This increase was driven by decreased travel and non-residential space use, resulting in a net 1.8% national energy savings. The research highlights the impact of advances in information technology on American lifestyle patterns.
Researchers from MIT's CSAIL present ColorFab, a method for repeatedly changing the colors of 3-D printed objects after fabrication using custom ink and UV light. The system can recolor a multi-colored object in under 20 minutes, with the goal of reducing waste and increasing customization.
The discovery of Mansourasaurus shahinae, a long-necked plant-eater with bony plates, fills gaps in Africa's Late Cretaceous fossil record. The species helps answer questions about Africa's connections to Europe and the degree to which its animals evolved independently.
The Canadian guideline provides comprehensive management guidance for congenital diaphragmatic hernia from pregnancy through the teen years. Long-term observation and management are key recommendations, emphasizing interdisciplinary team care.
A recent study published in Nature Geoscience reveals that wetland complexes can significantly reduce nitrate levels in rivers and streams. Retaining or restoring wetlands in intensively managed agricultural watersheds can improve local water quality while reducing nitrate exports to the Gulf of Mexico dead zone.
A new study found that boosting Sirt4 gene activity extends healthy lifespan in fruit flies, with a 20% increase in longevity seen in modified flies. The researchers also discovered that Sirt4 plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and fasting responses.
A Brazilian researcher's study has elucidated the conditions necessary for self-sustaining nuclear fusion in tokamaks. The findings provide crucial information for the successful operation of ITER, a fusion reactor prototype designed to reproduce the sun's energy generation process.
Researchers at University of Toronto have developed technology for creating durable disease-fighting molecules that can last longer in the body, reducing frequent drug injections. Mirror-image versions of existing drugs, such as GLP1 and PTH, have been created using computational approach, showing longer-lasting effects on cells.
Researchers found that E. coli from cystic fibrosis patients grew faster on glycerol compared to healthy controls. The study suggests a link between increased intestinal fat in CF patients and the selection of specific microorganisms.
Researchers have discovered that MXene nanosheets can be used to construct laminated membranes for efficient gas separation, outperforming top-of-the-line membrane materials in permeability and selectivity. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new gas separation applications and expand the use of membrane technology.
A study published in The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association found that implementing a program to understand and address patient no-shows led to a significant decrease in no-show rates at Elmont Teaching Health Center. Patient visits increased by 13%, underscoring the effectiveness of the interventions.
A new study at Columbia University Irving Medical Center found that some psychiatric medications may be underprescribed in children and adolescents. The study analyzed prescription rates with prevalence rates for ADHD, anxiety disorders, and depression, and discovered no significant overprescription.
Undergraduate researchers from Yale-NUS College found that two mathematical models describing magnetoresistance are equivalent, providing a unified framework for understanding the phenomenon. The discovery has implications for future research and practical applications in electronic devices.
A study suggests a 100 MW CSP+desalination plant could be financially viable for Namibia, generating both electricity and water with relatively little added cost. The system would provide dispatchable solar energy to supply 15% of Namibia's peak demand, reducing the country's carbon footprint and meeting its 2030 renewable energy target.
Scientists at Waseda University have developed a novel reaction mechanism for the oxidative coupling of methane, enabling the efficient synthesis of ethylene at a lower temperature. This breakthrough could significantly reduce production costs and make the process more accessible to small-scale manufacturers.
The KAIST research team has developed flexible vertical micro LEDs (f-VLEDs) with high optical power density, improving thermal reliability and lifetime. These f-VLEDs can be used for optogenetics to control animal behavior and are suitable for biomedical applications.
A parasite has evolved to mimic human proteins, breaking down cell barriers and making nutrients available for opportunistic bacteria. This discovery provides new insights into the disease-causing mechanisms of giardiasis.
A recent study published in Rheumatology found that menopause worsens physical function and functional decline in women with rheumatoid arthritis, leading to a significant impact on quality of life. Women experience rheumatoid arthritis at a rate three times greater than men, with more severe declines and increased disability.
Researchers at Westmead Institute for Medical Research are conducting a new clinical trial using water to treat polycystic kidney disease. The PREVENT-ADPKD trial aims to investigate whether drinking the right amount of water can prevent adult polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) from progressing to kidney failure.
The African Leaders Malaria Alliance added neglected tropical diseases to its annual scorecard, revealing progress and gaps across five diseases that affect countries' poorest communities. Most data points to progress, but areas of concern include nearly two-thirds of countries having a NTD coverage index of less than 50%.
Researchers developed a low-temperature reaction to replace sulfur with tellurium in MoS2, creating new properties in the 2D material. The 'sodium-scooter' catalyst enables conversion at 525°C, lower than previous temperatures.
The geologically oldest fossil of the genus Archaeopteryx, dating back 150 million years, has been found in Northern Bavaria. The new specimen exhibits unique features that differentiate it from other known specimens, providing a reliable diagnosis for distinguishing Archaeopteryx from its closest relatives.
A team of Japanese researchers has identified Sirt2 as a key player in regulating hepatic glucose uptake, which is impaired in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The study found that Sirt2 regulates the dissociation of glucokinase from its regulatory protein, GKRP, through post-translational modifications.
A University of Guelph study found that omega-3s from fish are eight times more effective at inhibiting tumour development and growth compared to plant-based options. The research suggests that marine-derived omega-3s can significantly reduce breast cancer risk, particularly in aggressive forms.
A study published in Nature Communications finds a correlation between Atlantic Ocean surface currents and rainfall patterns in the Western Hemisphere, both in the past and present. The research suggests that changes in ocean currents can influence global climate and may have far-reaching impacts on future climate change.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that kisspeptin, a hormone in the brain, drives attraction to the opposite sex and triggers sexual behavior. The discovery opens up new possibilities for treating patients with low sexual desire disorders.
Researchers at the University of Arizona and partnering universities are working on a NSF-funded project to develop buildings that won't collapse under major earthquakes. The focus is on lateral force transfer through steel collectors, which horizontally transmit earthquake forces.
NJIT establishes a Talent Development Center with $1.2M grant from NJLWD to create new career pathways for workers in the construction and utilities sector. The institution also expands its Technology Advisory Network to focus on technology development and workforce planning.
Reducing Canada's overweight and obese population by 50% could prevent up to 59,829 cancer cases by 2042. Effective interventions could lower cancer incidence by projecting the impact of population-level changes on cancer rates.
A study analyzed the DNA of a heat-loving microbe that uses ammonia for energy production and found highly mobile genetic elements and frequent DNA exchange with other organisms.
Researchers at NIST have built a superconducting switch that learns like a biological system, connecting processors and storing memories in future computers operating like the human brain. The synapse can process incoming electrical spikes to customize spiking output signals, using less energy than the human brain.
A new study led by Drexel's Center for Hunger-Free Communities found that trauma support could be key to success in the population who receives welfare. Trauma-informed peer support improved income and mental health for caregivers, while also reducing symptoms of depression.
Scientists have isolated a new botulinum neurotoxin, BoNT/En, from a strain of Enterococcus, sparking concern over the potential for multi-drug resistance. The toxin, found in cow feces, was unexpectedly discovered to resemble the toxin that causes botulism, with experts warning of its potentially deadly consequences.
A multidisciplinary team has developed software called Scikit-Ribo to more accurately determine when cells translate RNA into protein. This method uses advanced statistical modeling techniques and can filter out noise from previous data, providing a clearer picture of translation dynamics.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs reduce hospital stays and opioid use for colorectal and bariatric surgery patients. The ERAS program includes preoperative education, carb loading, and pain management strategies to improve patient outcomes and lower costs.
Researchers from LSTM are utilizing the Polio network of labs to study neglected tropical diseases affecting over a billion people. The Ghana GPLN lab successfully tested for helminths in a pilot study, identifying a prevalence of 22%, while also detecting Strongyloides infections with no surveillance system.
Scientists at the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory have improved computer models for understanding electron affinity in water. The new estimates may help create better ways to split water for hydrogen fuel and other chemical processes.
The QUTIS Group has successfully simulated a particle collision in a large accelerator using a trapped-ion quantum computer. The experiment mimics the creation and annihilation of matter and antimatter, which are difficult to study using conventional computers.
Researchers have discovered that three distinct varieties of the protein AKT play different roles in brain health, with AKT2 targeting brain cancer and AKT1 promoting memory formation. The study's findings hold promise for developing targeted therapies for conditions like Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
A meta-analysis found that aerobic exercise delays and improves Alzheimer's symptoms, with a three times greater improvement compared to combined exercise. The study confirms the American Geriatrics Society's recommendations for exercise duration and frequency.
Researchers discovered that a biological clock protein can alleviate symptoms and increase survival rates in fulminant hepatitis by regulating inflammation. The study found that injecting a molecule potentiating the action of this protein reduced the inflammatory response and improved outcomes.
A recent study presented at the American Stroke Association's International Stroke Conference found that cancer patients with stroke are less likely to receive standard clot-busting medication compared to those without a malignancy. The use of newer procedures to mechanically remove clots, however, shows a similar trend in both groups.
Researchers at UNIST have developed a highly stretchable rechargeable lithium-ion battery based on aqueous electrolytes, using a simple and cost-effective solution process. The breakthrough involves a bioinspired Jabuticaba-like hybrid carbon/polymer composite that retains its electrical conductivity under high strain rates.
Researchers identified an enzyme that is absent in healthy colon tissue but abundant in colon cancer cells. The enzyme, GalNAc-T6, attaches sugar molecules to proteins, affecting cell-cell adhesion and leading to abnormal tissue formation. This discovery may lead to new therapies for colon cancer.
Researchers found that 15% of adult ibuprofen users exceed the maximum recommended dose in a one-week period. Those who do tend to have medical factors such as chronic pain and poor physical state, attitudes conducive to ignoring label recommendations, and poor knowledge of those recommendations.
Researchers have improved optical rectenna efficiency by two-fold, using air-stable diode materials. The devices can convert electromagnetic fields at optical frequencies to electrical current, enabling low-power applications like temperature sensors.
A new study found that teams with a wider variety of technological tools, even if their expertise was moderate or common, produced more creatively successful films. In contrast, teams limited to primary animation tools produced less creative work.
A new study from Aarhus University found that health visitors using video feedback with the Marte Meo method can improve early mother-child relationships in vulnerable families. The research involved 69 families who received extra visits with video clips, showing a significant improvement compared to a control group.
A specialized stenting system has been shown to benefit certain stroke patients by reducing the risk of complications. The Wingspan Stent System Post-Market Surveillance Study found a complication rate of just 2.6 percent among patients with intracranial stenosis due to cholesterol plaque.
Researchers used a new platform, MAESTRO, to observe the electronic structure of a 2-D semiconductor material, tungsten disulfide (WS2), at microscale resolution. The study suggests that WS2 may be highly tunable, with possible applications for spintronics and electronics.
Researchers aim to prevent, slow or reverse muscle breakdown with a new drug compound and nano-channel delivery system. The implantable device will provide constant, steady drug delivery without injections or pills.
Two cases of young children with severe esophageal injuries caused by swallowed lithium batteries from fidget spinners have been reported. The incidents highlight the potential danger of button batteries in children's toys, particularly those not specifically designed for kids.
Researchers found that ultrafine aerosol particles can have a stronger impact on storm clouds and precipitation than previously thought. In the Amazon rainforest, these tiny particles can intensify storms and cause more rain due to their ability to form many small droplets that draw excess water vapor from the atmosphere.
Researchers identify a new source of botulinum toxin in Enterococcus faecium bacteria, which can be transferred between species and has implications for protein therapeutics and monitoring emerging pathogens.
A study found that poor sleep quality in children is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, indicating a link between sleep patterns and weight gain. The researchers suggest that examining markers of sleep quality may be useful in designing childhood obesity prevention strategies.
Research finds that postmenopausal women with higher body fat levels, even those with a normal BMI, have an increased risk of invasive breast cancer. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements show that whole body fat levels are more accurately assessed than traditional BMI methods.
The University of Copenhagen has developed a new marking technique that uses randomness and rare earths to create an un-hackable authentication system. The system can be used to identify genuine products and prevent counterfeiting, with the potential to save industries millions in lost revenue.