Researchers at EPFL have developed a new method to identify the material surrounding an optical fiber by generating a sound wave within the fiber. This technique allows for non-invasive detection of changes in temperature and pressure, with potential applications in structures such as bridges and gas pipelines.
Researchers have identified new species and genus among placozoans, a group of one-millimeter-long marine animals. The study used genomics to reveal genetic diversity within populations, suggesting that they may have diverged despite remaining morphologically similar.
The INTEROCC study found no clear association between occupational exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic fields and risk of glioma or meningioma. However, the researchers suggest that radiofrequency magnetic fields may be associated with increased tumour promotion, warranting further investigation.
The Alliance for Cancer Gene Therapy (ACGT) is funding innovative clinical approaches to find gene therapy treatments for solid cancers. Recipients of the 2018 research grants include a team working on a vaccine for melanoma, an injectable genetic agent to program T cell receptors, and CAR T cell therapy for brain cancer.
Researchers found that the left hemisphere of the boy's brain compensated for visual tasks, but he couldn't see the left half of the world. Despite losing parts of his visual system, UD performed normally on pattern perception and had age-appropriate intellect and language skills.
A new drug-delivery technology called RBC-hitchhiking has been found to dramatically increase the concentration of drugs in specific organs, potentially decreasing side effects and improving efficacy. The technology uses red blood cells to transport nano-scale drug carriers, achieving a 40-fold increase in drug uptake in the lungs.
A new study found that long-term heat therapy increases mitochondrial function in the muscles by an average of 28 percent. Heat therapy may provide a new treatment option for people with chronic illness or disease who cannot exercise regularly.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Arlington have developed a novel cold electron transistor that drastically reduces energy consumption. This innovation could lead to huge energy savings for companies like Google and Amazon, as well as enhance soldiers' combat capabilities in military applications.
Researchers propose a refined approximation of the photo-excitation equation that describes the effect of photons on rhodopsin protein in eyes. The study has implications for other molecules, like azobenzene, and demonstrates tunnelling process to populate excited states.
Researchers identified 27 unique amino acid replacements in 27 different proteins of hot-spring snakes, which were associated with functions like immunity and DNA repair. These mutations enable the snakes to thrive under extreme conditions such as intense radiation and hypoxia.
Research in genetically altered mice reveals that paternal genes can affect the type of care a mother provides to her offspring both before and after birth. This study suggests that a father's genes can impact maternal behavior, potentially affecting the wellbeing of the new baby and their lifelong mental health.
A computational study has shown that cancer cells proliferate less and are more vulnerable to acidic conditions than initially thought. The researchers have identified potential therapeutic targets by analyzing how variations in pH affect metabolic enzyme activity, providing opportunities for new treatments.
Chinese researchers have improved the adenine base editing (ABE) system to generate mouse or rat models for human genetic disorders, such as DMD and Pompe disease. The ABE system allows for efficient alteration of genetic codes with minimal undesired outcomes, making it a promising technology for therapeutic applications.
Researchers at IBBR have engineered three mouse cell lines to produce nonproprietary versions of the NISTmAb, a well-characterized monoclonal antibody used in biopharmaceutical development. The new cell lines will provide a standardized model for monoclonal antibody biomanufacturing and enable innovation in mAb therapeutics.
A new study found that VA healthcare utilization is influenced by external factors like unemployment, Medicaid eligibility, and housing costs. The study used VA data to analyze the impact of these factors on healthcare use among over 8 million Veterans between 2008-2014.
A stalled weather pattern led to significant rainfall and flood warnings along the eastern seaboard, with NASA utilizing satellite data to analyze rainfall totals. The heaviest accumulations were recorded in North Carolina, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York, with some areas receiving over 7 inches of rain.
Researchers explore the influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive function in veterans with Gulf War Illness. Studies suggest that beetroot juice may improve cerebrovascular system functioning due to its high organic nitrate composition.
Researchers have developed a more sensitive single-cell RNA sequencing method, mcSCRB-seq, to analyze the functional state of individual cells. This technique provides a molecular fingerprint of each cell's mRNA population, revealing its protein-making capacity and gene regulation.
Tropical Depression 16W is experiencing wind shear, with strongest storms located north of the center. The system is moving northwards and is expected to strengthen slightly but maintain tropical depression status.
A £2 million project, ARCS, aims to tackle sepsis in Africa by creating sustainable partnerships between research, clinical, and government organizations. The initiative focuses on delivering high-quality training, establishing care quality indicators, and testing innovative interventions.
Scientists found that damage from chronic inflammation induces the death of white blood cells essential to eliminating the parasite, allowing it to sustain the infection. The findings may lead to possible treatment and shed light on a phenomenon shared by other chronic infections.
Researchers have developed a reference catalog of light spectra and albedos for 19 solar system bodies. By comparing this catalog to exoplanet observations, scientists can characterize new worlds in reference to our own diverse planetary system. The catalog offers insights into the challenges of categorizing rocky and icy exoplanets.
A recent study by Brigham Young University found that family prayer has a positive impact on family relationships, reducing relational tension and increasing feelings of connectedness. The research involved 198 Christian, Jewish, and Muslim families from diverse backgrounds who shared their experiences of praying together as a family.
Researchers from the Higher School of Economics conducted a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on working memory in children, revealing concordance in frontoparietal regions and unexpected findings in the prefrontal cortex. The study sheds light on the complex role of the insula and its potential impact on learning.
Tropical Storm Jongdari has taken on a distinctive comma shape, suggesting increased organization and intensification potential. The storm's sea surface temperatures are warm enough to support further strengthening.
A new study assesses tax and regulatory options to incentivize the development of 'green' blockchain technologies and discourage polluting applications. The research recommends imposing levies to reduce energy consumption and offering financial rewards for innovators developing carbon-neutral blockchain designs.
The Philadelphia Pediatric Medical Device Consortium has awarded seed grants to six companies developing medical devices for children, including an airway clearance system and a vision acuity test. These innovative devices aim to address unmet clinical needs in pediatric care, such as cystic fibrosis and urinary flow disorders.
Scientists found aphids change the quality of plant sap depending on the infested plant part, benefiting from these changes. This 'niche construction' enables aphids to thrive on specific host plants.
Researchers found that brain activity patterns shift towards stored representations of clear images, suggesting that past experiences play a significant role in perception. The study used fMRI to analyze how the brain processes blurred images and found that higher-order circuits were more affected by clear image-induced shifts.
A new study reveals that the aye-aye's large eyes, big ears, and thin bony finger evolved to produce a high bite force, similar to squirrels. The research shows how lifestyle and ecology can influence species' physical traits, overriding ancestry.
Researchers discovered that cave-dwelling corals can cooperate to capture and eat jellyfish swept against ocean currents. The coral species Astroides calycularis benefits from this coordinated effort by gaining access to a large meal.
A team of researchers has discovered a new species of Placozoa, a phylum of simple multicellular animals, by analyzing its genetic makeup. The study, published in PLOS Biology, used taxogenomics to describe the new species, which was previously thought to be a single species, Trichoplax adhaerens.
The Compact Thermal Imager (CTI) will measure fires, ice sheets, glaciers, and snow surface temperatures while also tracking water transfer from soil and plants into the atmosphere. The CTI's enabling technology, Strained-Layer Superlattice Technology, is 10 times more sensitive than its predecessor and operates at warmer temperatures.
A nationwide health study found that service workers, particularly those who rely on tips, are more susceptible to mental health issues such as depression and stress. The research team suggests that the precarious nature of service work, including lower wages and lack of control over work hours, may contribute to these findings.
Gene expression analysis of blood samples from 15 kidney transplant recipients revealed that the most robust gene expression changes occurred in the first day following transplantation. A comparison between living donors and deceased donor groups identified 11 genes that may play a key role in kidney repair and regeneration.
Researchers found that microbes from diverse travelers mix throughout the day, forming a uniform microbiome by evening. The study suggests that urban planning can impact bacterial types encountered, guiding public health strategies and transit designs.
The Carr fire has consumed 110,154 acres, destroying 161 residences and 12 outbuildings. Weather conditions and terrain make firefighting efforts challenging, with over 2,500 structures still at risk.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have developed a new real-time strategy for controlling foot-and-mouth disease, finding that local targeted methods are the most effective in halting disease spread. The approach prioritizes surveillance and vaccination to quickly control outbreaks, even with minimal information.
An artificial-intelligence approach called ReLeaSE can teach itself to design new drug molecules from scratch. The system comprises two neural networks that learn and improve over time, generating molecules with specified properties.
Research suggests that consuming high-fiber foods can decrease the impact of stress on the gut and brain. This is due to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by gut bacteria, which have been shown to reduce anxiety-like behavior and improve bowel function.
Scientists have developed BiSb alloys with a colossal spin Hall effect and high electrical conductivity, making them suitable for ultra-low-power SOT-MRAM devices. The breakthrough could accelerate the development of non-volatile memories for IoT applications.
The ERC grant will help Dr. Saraceno find new highly-efficient sources of light waves in the terahertz range, with potential applications in chemistry, physics and biology. The researchers aim to gain further insights into interactions between water molecules and substances dissolved in it.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center discovered that inhibiting the Yes-associated protein (YAP) reduces tumor burdens and enhances the effectiveness of immunotherapy treatments. YAP plays a role in suppressing antitumor immunity by regulatory T-cells, which can dampen immune responses to tumors.
Dr. Diane Spatz's 10-Step model provides a critical framework for lactation care, focusing on vulnerable infants separated from mothers. The system has been implemented globally and is grounded in research findings and clinical experience.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning youth are more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes, be obese, and engage in less physical activity. Minority stress may contribute to the risk of poor physical health among LGBQ youth.
A recent study predicts the widespread presence of rat lungworm in Hawaii's islands and its expansion into higher elevations as climate warms. Researchers used molecular techniques to screen snails and slugs across the islands, finding the parasite in numerous species on five of six largest islands.
A new study published in Springer's journal Sex Roles found that women who make hateful remarks on social media are more likely to be flagged and judged severely. Women's reactions to hate speech are also less accepted than those made by men, highlighting the need for online moderators to be sensitive to gender stereotypes.
A new study by researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that women's brains are five times more extensive in damaged tissue after repeated soccer heading compared to male players. The study suggests sex-specific guidelines may be necessary for preventing soccer-related head injuries.
A new study published in the journal Radiology found that women soccer players exhibit more extensive changes to brain tissue after repetitive 'heading' of the soccer ball. Women showed lower fractional anisotropy values across a larger volume of brain tissue compared to men.
A study led by LMU researchers confirms the presence of magnetic particles in human brains, with striking asymmetry in their distribution. The particles were primarily found in the cerebellum and brainstem, but their chemical nature remains unknown.
Scientists have found that internal mammary chain irradiation and anthracycline-based chemotherapy increase cardiovascular disease risks, while a new test may detect colorectal cancer in primary care. Researchers also discovered circulating tumor cell clusters in human glioblastoma, suggesting a new target for treatment
A fungus called Entomophthora muscae has been found to control the behavior of fruit flies, infecting their nervous system and causing them to climb to high points. The fungus feeds on the fly's fat stores before altering its behavior, eventually leading to the fly's death.
A study found that 3D image simulation did not improve patient-reported outcomes after breast augmentation surgery. Despite increased awareness and adoption of the technology, patient satisfaction with results remained unchanged.
A new online tool, Astro-CHARM, has been developed to predict who is at the highest risk of suffering a heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years. The calculator combines coronary artery calcium measurement with traditional risk factors like blood pressure and cholesterol.
Researchers map San Gabriel and San Bernardino sedimentary basins in greater detail than previous studies, revealing the San Gabriel basin is deeper and has an irregular shape. The study provides new insights into the structure of these basins, which may act as a 'waveguide' to focus energy from earthquakes.
A new study predicts a significant increase in heatwave-related deaths globally, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries, with Australia, Europe, and the US expected to be among the hardest hit. The study suggests that if greenhouse gas emissions are not reduced, heatwaves will become more frequent, intense, and deadly.
Researchers found that seagrass meadows can buffer ocean acidification in short-term periods, particularly during low tide and daylight hours. While limited, this effect could benefit marine life and aquaculture endeavors, but long-term solutions rely on reducing carbon emissions.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati studied wolf spiders' color vision, finding they are sensitive to green light but don't have a favorite color. Their eyes adapt to changing seasons, allowing them to see contrast against colored backgrounds.
Researchers developed a custom-made silicone implant technique using 3D CAD technology, yielding high-quality results in patients with chest deformities related to Poland syndrome. The implants provided good cosmetic outcomes and improved the patients' social and emotional aspects of quality of life.
Researchers have identified elesclomol as a potential treatment for human copper metabolism disorders by restoring mitochondrial energy production. The study found that elesclomol can mimic the missing transporters of copper, providing a new opportunity to treat genetic disorders such as Menkes disease.
A new study shows that China's North China Plain, a region with intensive irrigation, is expected to experience deadly heat waves repeatedly, with the risk being significantly increased due to higher humidity. The region faces the greatest risks to human life from rising temperatures, surpassing other global hotspots.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that methadone treatment is associated with lower mortality rates among convicted offenders with opioid dependence. The research analyzed population-level data and found significant reductions in deaths from both external and non-external causes.
Researchers propose a four-factor model for online engagement, including physical interaction, interface assessment, absorption, and digital outreach. This model can lead to the development of content that encourages sharing and websites that promote learning and memory.
A survey of Sexual Medicine Society members found that only half routinely ask patients about their sexual orientation, with 40% of those who don't believe it's relevant to good patient care. The study highlights the need for more professional and patient education to address the LGBT community's unique health needs.
Research from Germany, Netherlands, and Croatia highlights the importance of adopting special laws and procedures for youth aged 18-25 in the US. These countries apply juvenile sanctions and facilities, divert more juveniles, and rely on educational approaches to address delinquent behavior. By considering these European strategies, US...
A study by Hokkaido University researchers found that branching complexity of rivers, rather than ecosystem size, contributes to regional population stability in nature. This challenges current theories and highlights the importance of environmental diversity in maintaining stable populations.
Researchers discovered that fruit flies have a diverse and stable gut microbiota, with bacteria able to colonize the fly's intestine. This discovery sheds light on how fruit flies 'farm' bacteria, similar to humans using yeast or bacteria in food production.
A new UCL study found that people with higher social status or opposing political beliefs are more likely to assume their partner's decision is motivated by wanting to cause them harm. The study also suggests that paranoia fuels social exclusion and disadvantage, fueling severe mental health problems
A recent study found that just two weeks of inactivity can hasten the onset of Type 2 diabetes and elevate blood sugar levels among pre-diabetic patients. The study's findings suggest that seniors who experience periods of physical inactivity are more likely to suffer harmful consequences to their overall health.
New research from Idaho National Laboratory found that cold temperatures significantly impact EV charging efficiency, leading to longer charging times. The study analyzed data from a fleet of electric vehicles in New York City, revealing a decrease in battery state of charge with lower temperatures.
A study led by Penn State researchers found low levels of pharmaceuticals in drinking water from private wells in north central Pennsylvania. The most frequently detected compounds were ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole, with at least one compound detected at all sites.
Researchers used FDA-approved nanoparticles to disrupt biofilms and prevent tooth decay in both human-plaque-like biofilm and animal models. The treatment showed strong evidence of its effectiveness in preventing mineral destruction of the tooth's surface and blocking cavity formation.
A study published in Cell Reports found that a child's brain can reorganize its visual system after losing parts of the visual cortex. The child, UD, had nearly half of his right hemisphere removed due to epilepsy, but his brain compensated by using the intact left hemisphere for tasks like facial recognition and object analysis.
A UBC study analyzed pedestrian behavior at a busy intersection in Kamloops, B.C., finding that over a third of pedestrians were distracted by their cellphones. Distracted pedestrians had slower walking speeds, more unstable gait patterns, and took longer to cross the road, increasing the risk of conflicts with vehicles.
Researchers found that recreational scallop harvesting disrupts native sea turtle behavior, causing them to change their distribution and habitat use. The study suggests that reducing boat density and implementing measures to avoid turtle collisions could minimize ecological damage.
A new study found that UVA's Hospital-to-Home program significantly improves survival and other outcomes for heart failure patients while saving money. The program slashed mortality rates by 41% and reduced hospital readmissions by 24% compared to non-participants.
University of Houston researcher Chandra Mohan receives $2 million grant to examine the connection between lupus and female sex hormones, aiming to improve diagnosis and treatment of the autoimmune disease.