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Science News for July 5, 2018


Stopping a tiny -- and deadly -- fly in its tracks

Researchers have developed a novel technique using genetically-encoded glucose biosensors to monitor Trypanosoma brucei parasite metabolism and identify molecules that disrupt glucose levels. This could lead to the development of therapeutics for African sleeping sickness, a disease causing fatal results in sub-Saharan Africa.

SourceBrigham Young University·JournalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases·DateJul 5, 2018

Detecting esophageal cancer cells

Researchers at the University of Texas at Arlington have developed a new nanoparticle-based platform that can simultaneously image and treat esophageal cancer cells. The platform uses near-infrared fluorescence for better tissue imaging and tumor targeting properties, making it easier to detect and guide surgeons in removing tumors.

SourceUniversity of Texas at Arlington·JournalNature Communications·DateJul 5, 2018

A bird's eye view of the Arctic

Researchers from CIRES and NOAA are utilizing drones and tethered balloons to collect weather data in the Arctic, filling critical gaps in atmospheric measurements. These unmanned technologies provide a comprehensive understanding of the region's lower atmosphere, enabling more accurate weather and climate forecasts.

SourceUniversity of Colorado at Boulder·JournalBulletin of the American Meteorological Society·DateJul 5, 2018

A molecular label: traceability for medical implants

Researchers have developed a molecular labeling method using polymers to identify biomedical implants, even after prolonged periods inside the living being. The technique uses mass spectrometry to decode the 'code' of the labels, enabling unambiguous identification and potential extension to other healthcare materials.

SourceCNRS·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·DateJul 5, 2018

Abdominal obesity linked to lower urinary tract symptoms

A recent study found that men with central obesity were at higher risk for lower urinary tract symptoms, characterized by worsened straining and weak stream. The study also revealed a strong association between increased waist-to-hip ratio and these symptoms.

SourceWiley·JournalLUTS Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms·DateJul 5, 2018

Age and education affect job changes, study finds

A study by University of East Anglia and ETH Zurich found that age and education play a significant role in career mobility. Younger employees with higher levels of education are more likely to switch organisations, industries, and occupations. In contrast, openness to new experiences is not a key factor in job changes.

SourceUniversity of East Anglia·JournalEuropean Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology·DateJul 5, 2018

Ex-smokers crave lost identity, study shows

A new study suggests that ex-smokers often relapse due to a desire to recapture their lost social identity. The research found that quitting smoking can be a 'loss' for some individuals, leading them to struggle with feelings of guilt and shame upon regaining their identity as non-smokers.

SourceUniversity of East Anglia·JournalJournal of Substance Use·DateJul 5, 2018

Cost-effectiveness study of risk-based screenings for breast cancer

A cost-effectiveness study analyzed risk-based breast cancer screening programs versus standard age-based screening, evaluating their impact on healthcare resources and patient outcomes. The study found that risk-based screening programs can be more cost-effective than traditional age-based programs for certain populations in the UK.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Oncology·DateJul 5, 2018

Scientists teach the neural network to carry out video facial recognition -- using a single photo

Researchers at the Higher School of Economics have developed a new method for recognizing people on video using only one photo, achieving higher recognition accuracy compared to existing methods. The algorithm uses information on how reference photos are related to correct errors in video frame recognition.

SourceNational Research University Higher School of Economics·JournalExpert Systems with Applications·DateJul 5, 2018

Complex brain circuitry revealed using new single-cell sequencing technology

Researchers at TGen and Circuit Therapeutics have developed new methods to examine medium spiny neurons in the striatum, a structure crucial for movement, decision-making, and action initiation. They identified Chrm4 as a potential therapeutic drug target, shedding light on how MSN cells contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.

SourceThe Translational Genomics Research Institute·JournalFrontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·DateJul 5, 2018

Study examines salmon poisoning disease in grizzly bears

A new study examines the impact of salmon poisoning disease on grizzly bears in the North Cascades and central Idaho. The research suggests that using bears with no history of salmon consumption may not be effective due to their sensitivity to the disease, complicating recovery plans.

SourceWiley·JournalThe Journal of Wildlife Management·DateJul 5, 2018

Opioid epidemic responses overlook gender

Current opioid epidemic responses neglect to account for gender-specific factors, including pain sensitivity and treatment outcomes. Women are disproportionately affected by opioid addiction, with increased risk of overdose deaths and limited access to effective treatment options.

SourceYale University·JournalThe Lancet·DateJul 5, 2018

Spiders go ballooning on electric fields

Scientists from the University of Bristol have discovered that spiders can become airborne in the absence of wind when subjected to electric fields, defying current theories on aerodynamic drag. The researchers believe that electric fields trigger ballooning and provide lift, revolutionizing our understanding of spider dispersal.

SourceUniversity of Bristol·JournalCurrent Biology·DateJul 5, 2018

Immunotherapy for deadly bacteria shows early promise

Researchers at Lehigh University have designed a small-molecule compound to decorate the surface of Gram-negative bacteria and trigger an immunological response. The compound targets pathogenic bacteria in two distinct ways, generating a promising lead for immunotherapeutic agents against deadly, antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

SourceLehigh University·JournalCell Chemical Biology·DateJul 5, 2018

Machine learning to assist in building muscle

Researchers developed a deep-learning model to predict biological age of muscles and estimate the importance of genetic and epigenetic factors driving muscle aging. The study identified tissue-specific biomarkers of aging, which can be used to track the effectiveness of interventions.

SourceInSilico Medicine·JournalFrontiers in Genetics·DateJul 5, 2018

Exposure of hummingbirds and bumble bees to pesticides

Researchers detected pesticides in hummingbird cloacal fluid and fecal pellets, as well as in bumble bee pollen and blueberry flowers. The findings suggest pesticide exposure may impact the health and ecosystem services of these pollinators

SourceWiley·JournalEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry·DateJul 5, 2018

High rate of nearsightedness among children in China

Researchers found a significant rise in myopia rates among Chinese schoolchildren, with some studies suggesting an annual incidence rate of up to 30%. This could be attributed to increased screen time and sedentary lifestyles, prompting recommendations for outdoor playtime and other interventions.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Ophthalmology·DateJul 5, 2018

Urban greenways can reduce neighborhood carbon emissions

A new study by UBC researchers reveals that urban greenways can significantly reduce daily car travel distances and resulting carbon emissions. Participants living within 300 meters of Vancouver's Comox-Helmcken Greenway showed an 18% decrease in car travel, while those farther away experienced increased motorized travel.

SourceUniversity of British Columbia·JournalTransportation Research Part D Transport and Environment·DateJul 5, 2018

Gene therapy method developed to target damaged kidney cells

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have developed a gene therapy method to target damaged kidney cells, which could lead to improved treatment for chronic kidney disease. The approach uses adeno-associated virus (AAV) to deliver genetic material to targeted cells, showing promise in slowing or reversing cell damage.

SourceWashington University in St. Louis·JournalJournal of the American Society of Nephrology·DateJul 5, 2018

Study finds new brain pathway for escaping predators

A recent study by University of Queensland researchers has uncovered a new brain pathway that enables zebrafish to detect and respond to visual threats from predators. The findings reveal that the thalamus plays a crucial role in processing visual information, which is then transmitted to other parts of the brain for escape responses.

SourceUniversity of Queensland·JournalNeuron·DateJul 5, 2018