Pediatric cardiovascular disease research highlights modifiable factors predicting mortality after prolonged critical illness following congenital heart surgery. Smaller aortic isthmus size is associated with earlier surgical timing in complete common atrioventricular canal defects, indicating potential for improved outcomes with tailo...
Researchers from CSIC developed a method to measure immigrant integration using Twitter data, analyzing language and location. The study found cities with high integration capacity in London, San Francisco, Tokyo, and Los Angeles, while others like Detroit, Miami, Toronto, and Amsterdam show low integration.
Researchers found that whipworms have their own distinct gut flora, which helps them survive by reducing new egg hatching. This discovery could lead to more effective drug treatments for whipworm infections, which cause debilitating symptoms and are difficult to treat.
Researchers have developed a new method for removing heavy metals like lead and mercury from water using metal organic frameworks (MOFs). The MOF composite can quickly and selectively remove high amounts of toxic materials from real-world water samples, down to levels deemed drinkable by health organizations.
ORNL researchers design a novel method for energy-efficient deep neural networks, achieving nearly the same accuracy as original DNNs while consuming 38 times less energy. The approach uses 'deep spiking' neural networks with stochastic-based implementation, which overcomes tradeoff between energy efficiency and task performance.
Researchers are using seismic data collected through a novel real-time monitoring system to track the spread of carbon dioxide underground. The team aims to refine the picture of what's happening underground as carbon dioxide spreads and increases in concentration in different rock features.
A USDA Forest Service study projects that urban land will more than double between 2010 and 2060, affecting forest and agricultural lands. Urban forests are expected to provide billions of dollars in benefits through improved air quality, climate change mitigation, and reduced energy use.
A new study by Dartmouth Health suggests that e-cigarette use may be more harmful than beneficial, particularly among adolescents and young adults. The research found that e-cigarettes could lead to over 1.5 million years of life lost due to increased smoking rates among youth.
A new study reveals that nearly one in three military personnel meet criteria for nightmare disorder, with trauma-related nightmares occurring in 60% of them. Those with nightmare disorder had an increased risk of other sleep and mental health disorders, including PTSD, depression, anxiety, and insomnia.
A team of researchers has developed an open-source, clinically validated template for a 3D printed stethoscope that can be created using recycled plastic and costs less than $3 to produce. The device has been shown to have the same acoustic quality as premium brand stethoscopes.
Researchers have successfully fused living and non-living cells to harness the natural ability of biological cells to process chemicals while protecting them from the environment. This system can lead to applications such as cellular 'batteries' powered by photosynthesis, synthesis of drugs inside the body, and biological sensors that ...
Researchers are exploring how obesity impacts cardiovascular health in premenopausal women, a population with heightened risk due to estrogen levels and hormone sensitivity. They aim to understand the underlying mechanisms and identify potential treatments to restore protection against cardiovascular disease.
Scientists at the University of Bristol have developed a method to reuse plastic waste to remove carcinogenic synthetic dyes from wastewater. The process involves transforming polystyrene into a material that can support nanoparticles, which are then used to break down harmful dyes.
Researchers from WSU and UI will lead a national conference on dairy foods, focusing on the compositions of bovine and human milk. The conference aims to improve concentrations in milk, leading to better health outcomes such as reduced inflammation and improved gastrointestinal health.
Researchers at U.S. Army Research Laboratory have developed a way to factor large composite integers using brain-inspired computer architectures, moving away from traditional computing methods. This breakthrough could break many modern-day internet security protocols, including public key encryption.
A study published in Anesthesiology found that intravenous amisulpride significantly reduced post-operative nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients when used in combination with an anti-nausea treatment. Amisulpride showed a statistically significant reduction in PONV occurrence, without increasing the frequency of adverse events.
A study by the University of Plymouth reveals that exposure to moderate hypoxia can have different effects on metabolic performance in animals bred under chronic hypoxic conditions. This could result in underestimated vulnerability of species, leading to reduced biodiversity.
Researchers created an integrated imaging approach that uses multiple techniques to study Staphylococcus aureus infections. This method revealed new insights into abscesses and the bacteria's response to their environment. The findings have implications for vaccine and therapeutic development, as well as culture-free diagnosis.
Researchers at Colorado State University have demonstrated micro-scale nuclear fusion using a compact laser, achieving record-setting efficiency for generating neutrons. This breakthrough could lead to advances in neutron-based imaging and materials science research.
A study of 5,065 participants found that stronger hand grips are associated with a lower heart mass and reduced remodeling of the heart muscle, indicating a reduced risk of cardiovascular events. This suggests that hand grip strength may be an important indicator of cardiovascular health.
Researchers at the University of Bradford have developed an AI system that can automatically assign gender based on a smile. The system uses dynamic movement analysis to distinguish between men and women, finding that women's smiles are more expansive than men's.
A new study by researchers at the University of Michigan and University of Washington found that emotional and sexual abuse can lead to chronic criminal behaviors. However, achieving good grades and avoiding skipping school significantly reduces the likelihood of self-reported crime.
A new study reveals that 68% of genetic mutations causing fetal death affect the placenta, highlighting its critical role in development. Placental defects often occur alongside brain, heart, and circulation issues.
Researchers found that gingival mesenchymal stem cells release more proteins, including IL-1RA, which blocks proinflammatory cytokines, accelerating wound healing in mucosal tissues. The study suggests potential therapeutic applications for delayed wound healing in diabetic patients.
Researchers found that humans in South Africa flourished during the volcanic winter caused by the Toba super volcano eruption. The study, published in Nature, used cryptotephra analysis to narrow down the time of the event and its impact on human ancestors.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have found that protactinium shares chemical similarities with both actinides and transition metals, revealing a unique intersection of their properties. This discovery could lead to novel applications for these elements and a deeper understanding of the periodic table.
Researchers found trade-offs between fighting claw mass and egg number in weakly eusocial snapping shrimp queens. In contrast, strongly eusocial species showed smaller or absent trade-offs. Colony size also played a role in shaping these trade-offs.
A new study finds that ADHD medications increase brain glutamate, associated with subsequent positive emotional changes. The research provides clues about the effects of these drugs on healthy brains and hints at a previously undiscovered link between glutamate and mood.
Researchers have discovered a novel gene, EDC4, involved in familial breast cancer. The study found that mutations in EDC4 impair DNA repair mechanisms, making cells sensitive to PARP inhibitors.
Researchers at VIB & KU Leuven have identified a trio of complementary ion channels in sensory neurons that detect acute, harmful heat. The presence of three redundant molecular heat-sensing mechanisms provides a powerful fail-safe mechanism to protect against burn injuries.
A comprehensive study on Ichthyosaurus fossils suggests that palaeontologists may be naming too many species due to limited remains. The research team found variations in the hindfin of six known species, but determined that a single specimen alone could not define new species.
Researchers have found that ocean acidification impairs phytoplankton's access to iron, a crucial nutrient for growth. This discovery highlights the critical impact of rising CO2 levels on marine food webs and global carbon cycling.
Researchers at UCI created new maps of glacier bed topography in southeast Greenland, gaining insight into rapid retreat and stability. The maps demonstrate the role of ocean temperature and water depth in glacial evolution.
A growing network of fast-draining lakes on the Greenland ice sheet triggers a chain reaction that speeds up ice flow, posing a new risk for the ice sheet's long-term stability. The research, led by the University of Cambridge, reveals that these 'drainage events' can temporarily accelerate ice flow by as much as 400%.
A large study found that smoking is associated with an increased risk of hearing loss, particularly high-frequency hearing loss. The risk decreased after quitting smoking within 5 years. Researchers analyzed data from over 50,000 participants and adjusted for factors like occupational noise exposure.
Dr. Adam Smith receives $650,000 CAREER award to develop a quantitative chemical model for receptor tyrosine kinases, targeting anti-cancer therapies. The project also includes education initiatives and citizen science projects.
A study published in The BMJ found little evidence that national cancer policy initiatives since 2000 have improved short-term cancer survival in England. Despite steady improvements in overall cancer survival, socioeconomic inequalities in survival remain a major public health problem.
Researchers found that mobile phone reminders linked with incentives boosted immunization rates from 33% to 50% in a rural Indian village. The study used special software and GPS technology to track caregiver and child information, and delivered automated reminders to participants' mobile phones with incentives of free talk time minutes.
Women with high physical fitness at middle age were nearly 90% less likely to develop dementia decades later. The study found that highly fit women developed dementia an average of 11 years later than moderately fit women.
Salk Institute scientists discover brain's memory storage is dynamic, with some synapses growing larger and others shrinking as a result of learning. This balance allows for increased overall storage capacity, enabling the brain to store more information.
Researchers created synthetic specimens similar to upper mantle rocks and measured their rigidity under conditions simulating the Earth's mantle. This study challenges a long-held theory that defects involving water absorption in normally dry rocks control seismic wave speeds.
A new study suggests that sexual minority students are 8% less likely to persist in STEM degrees by their fourth year of college. Despite this, they were found to have participated in undergraduate research at higher rates than their heterosexual peers.
Cass Sunstein has made significant contributions to research in constitutional law, democratic theory, and behavioral economics. He was awarded the Holberg Prize for his work, which has had a far-reaching impact on public policy. Meanwhile, Norwegian political scientist Francesca R. Jensenius received the Nils Klim Prize for her outsta...
Researchers successfully monitored gallium arsenide wire growth, providing insights into the VLS process and enabling approaches to customize nanowires with special properties. The study's findings have significant implications for applications in infrared remote controls, mobile phones, solar cells, and space technology.
Research suggests that taking a 'lazy lawn mower' approach by mowing every two weeks instead of weekly can encourage bee habitat in suburban lawns. This results in more lawn flowers blooming, which helps bees. The study found that lawns mowed every three weeks had the most lawn flowers and the highest diversity of 93 bee species.
A new study uses brain-computer interface to enhance prosthetic hand control with muscle vibrations, allowing amputees to better control the prosthetic and regain a sense of agency over their movements. The technology has the potential to improve quality of life for those with amputations.
Researchers at BWH discovered that cell sex influences nanoparticle uptake, response to reprogramming techniques, and paracrine factors. These findings may help develop sex-specific nanomedicines for targeted drug delivery applications.
A new evaluation method for AI predictability has been developed by Kyoto University researchers, tackling issues of accuracy and bias in traditional metrics.
Researchers have discovered a way to create an ultracold plasma that naturally forms a robust many-body localized state, enabling the spontaneous creation of quantum materials. This breakthrough could pave the way for more practical applications of quantum technology.
Researchers at Iowa State University have discovered a new class of low-cost and environmentally friendly semiconductors using sodium, bismuth, and sulfur. The materials exhibit ideal properties for solar cells, including a stable band gap and resistance to air and water exposure.
Weekly mortality figures show a 12.4% rise in extra deaths in England and Wales during the first seven weeks of 2018 compared to previous years. Experts argue that health chiefs are failing to investigate the cause of this trend, which cannot be explained by normal ageing or weather conditions.
A new study found that daily violent video game play does not lead to increased aggression levels in adults. Researchers compared participants who played violent games to those who played life simulation games or didn't play at all, and found no significant differences in aggression levels over time.
The eastern Mediterranean region will experience a significant change in seasonal duration, with summer lasting six months and winter only two, by the end of this century. Climate changes are expected to cut winter by half, posing major challenges for regional ecosystems and human health.
The use of artificial intelligence in medicine raises important ethical questions, including bias in algorithms and the potential for data to replace human clinical experience. Researchers call for careful examination of these risks and for physicians to critically assess machine-learning tools and their limitations.
A team of physicists controlled magnon spin currents using a spin valve structure, allowing for the implementation of a switch-like device that suppresses or forwards magnon current as an electrical signal. The discovery enables wave-based computing and improved energy efficiency in data processing.
A new model forecasts that nearly 25% of elderly Japanese women will be impoverished, while only about 10% of men will face the same issue. The current pension system is expected to fail these women due to unfavorable benefits and higher risk of living in single-person households.
Researchers have discovered an eco-friendly method for recovering valuable plastics from electronic waste using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. This approach recovers up to 89% of polycarbonate from cell phone plastic and can be reused multiple times.
A recent study found that pregnant women infected with Zika virus experienced a significantly lower rate of congenital neurological abnormalities than initially thought. The study, which monitored over 2,000 women, revealed a 12.7% risk of complications when infected during the first trimester.
The EPA has shifted focus to high-throughput computational models to quickly identify chemicals that require more scrutiny, following a slow start in its previous approach. Researchers have made significant progress, including the development of estrogen and androgen receptor models.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing used implementation science to evaluate cervical cancer prevention programs in sub-Saharan Africa. They identified a need for additional organizational and structural support to sustain implementation and improve cervical cancer prevention.