Haiying Gao will study five subduction zones across the globe to characterize differences and similarities in large earthquakes. Her advanced modeling techniques will rely on sensor data from land-based and deep-ocean seismic stations.
Researchers found that mechanical cues contribute to the regulation of gene expression during early development. External pressure can activate or restore the expression of a crucial developmental regulator gene, brachyury. This mechanism is conserved across species, including zebrafish and fruitflies.
The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute has received a $33 million grant to tackle the state's greatest health challenges. Researchers are collaborating with Indiana residents of all ages and backgrounds to reverse poor health trends.
Researchers studied the Grand Caillou mound in coastal Louisiana, uncovering a timeline of natural and human events that shaped its construction and abandonment. The study provides insights into how Native peoples selected their villages' locations, using methods such as sediment coring and radiocarbon dating.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that fatal drug overdoses among young non-Hispanic white adults accounted for 62% of mortality rate growth between 1999 and 2015. The study highlights the rapid rise in lost life years and mortality rates for this population, particularly those aged 22-39 years.
A new study published in JAMA Pediatrics reveals that racial disparities in childhood suicide rates are age-related, with black children under 13 facing twice the risk as their white counterparts. The study analyzed data from 2001-2015 and found a significant age-related difference in suicide rates among black and white youth.
A team of scientists from Rothamsted Research has found that certain commercial cereal varieties can support beneficial fungi that suppress the take-all fungus, a devastating disease in wheat crops worldwide. This could provide a potential biological management strategy to control the disease.
Lithium ions embed in host particles during charging, causing expansion and stress. The team used Digital Volume Correlation routine to measure internal changes in volume after lithiation, tracking electrode deformation at each point.
Research suggests that younger toddlers benefit more from interactive digital media than traditional TV and videos. Interactive features help children connect screen experiences to real-world interactions. However, not all types of interactivity are beneficial, and individual differences play a significant role in learning outcomes.
The prevalence of twin births in PRE horses is higher than previously thought, with 14 documented cases. Chimerism was found to be associated with twin births but not linked to infertility, contrary to previous studies.
A new magnetometer network has been installed across South America to study magnetic field disturbances and their potential impact on electronic appliances and power grids. The project aims to improve the understanding of space weather effects on the continent, which could help mitigate damage caused by solar eruptions.
A recent IUPUI study has made a groundbreaking discovery in understanding the role of blow flies in transmitting pathogens. Researchers found that analysis of blow fly digestive tracts can detect fecal metabolites, providing valuable insights into pathogen transmission and conservation.
Chemists at Brown University have developed a method to detect the intermediate state in liquid crystals, where order starts to form in discrete patches. This breakthrough could provide insights into slow molecular motion in various natural phenomena, such as Alzheimer's disease and protein tangles.
A team of scientists led by University of Montana cell biologist Mark Grimes has identified networks in lung cancer cells that will help understand the disease and develop targeted treatments. The study used large-scale data analysis and mathematical approaches to define signaling pathways in lung cancer cells.
A new lane-change algorithm developed by MIT allows autonomous vehicles to model an entire range of driving styles, from conservative to aggressive, with safety guarantees. The system computes buffer zones on the fly and ensures collision avoidance within a given time frame.
The £6 million Center for Dairy Science Innovation offers cutting-edge technologies to study mastitis control, antimicrobial resistance, feed efficiency, environmental emissions, and wearable technologies. Researchers will evaluate the impact of emerging technologies on cow welfare and disease prevention.
A new study found that middle school students' attitudes toward interacting with peers from different ethnic and racial groups are significantly influenced by their friends. Students with more positive attitudes about diversity tend to have more open-minded peer relationships, which can spread positively.
A special section in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine examines the newest and most complex issues surrounding stem cells. The issue includes essays on the potential impacts of using a person's own stem cells on patients, health-care systems, and the public trust in science and medicine.
A new Dietary Obesity Prevention Score (DOPS) is strongly associated with long-term risk of overweight or obesity. The score uses simple food-frequency questionnaires to assess dietary intake and is positively weighted towards vegetables, fruits, and legumes.
A new study by the University of Arizona found that young people and adults across all age groups perceive ownership of e-books differently than physical books. Psychological ownership is affected by control, identity, and belonging, with digital books feeling less valuable as possessions.
Researchers have created a modeling framework that takes a zoonotic perspective on Ebola, predicting the next outbreak by tracking bat migration patterns and environmental factors. The study suggests that environmental conditions play a key role in the spread of the Ebola virus among bats.
A phase 2 study found that AMG 714 reduced symptoms and intestinal damage in celiac patients exposed to gluten. The drug was shown to protect against accidental gluten contamination, a frequent occurrence among patients following a gluten-free diet.
Researchers have found that faster brain stimulation can lead to neuronal response failures, suggesting a 'less is more' approach for optimal therapy. This discovery challenges traditional intuition and highlights the importance of optimizing stimulation scheduling.
Researchers found that cutting social programme funding could increase avoidable childhood hospitalisations and deaths by up to 20,000 and 124,000 respectively. The poorest municipalities would be disproportionately affected, with potential child mortality rates 8.6% lower in 2030 if current funding is maintained.
Liver transplant centers are increasingly accepting transplants for patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, showing positive outcomes and high one-year survival rates of over 90%. Centers use selective criteria to evaluate candidates, assessing medical history, social support, and psychiatric disorders.
A new study reveals that a malaria parasite manipulates liver cells to survive and reproduce, building strength before invading red blood cells. Disrupting this process by targeting the aquaporin-3 protein may lead to new treatments for malaria before symptoms appear.
Genetically modified pigs have been shown to digest key nutrients in their feed, reducing environmental impact. The study found that these pigs can absorb more nitrogen and phosphorus from their grains, lowering emissions and improving feed efficiency.
The adoption of the Mediterranean-style diet varies significantly across US states, with Western and Northeastern coastal areas showing highest adherence. The study found that socioeconomically disadvantaged rural minority neighborhoods have lowest adherence rates, while factors such as education, income, and physical activity levels a...
Harvard researchers engineered diamond strings that can quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time for many operations on a quantum chip. This breakthrough could serve as the backbone of a future quantum internet.
A recent study found that progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) cases among former US coal miners increased by 50% since 2000, with the highest rates in West Virginia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania. The researchers attribute this trend to inadequate dust control measures, longer working hours, and higher silica exposure levels.
New research projects that nearly a quarter of the world's population will be obese and 1 in 8 will have type 2 diabetes by 2045. To prevent this, global obesity levels must be reduced by 25% to stabilise global diabetes prevalence at 10%.
Researchers at Tianjin University develop precise control of SCRaMbLE, a system for generating genotype diversity, allowing for increased production of bio-based chemicals and improved genome evolution. The team reports significant breakthroughs in using SCRaMbLE to drive phenotype evolution in heterozygous and interspecies hybrid stra...
A study by Michigan State University and Case Western Reserve University found that growth mindset interventions have little to no effect on academic achievement for typical students. The researchers suggest that the benefits of these interventions are overstated and that something other than mindset is causing the observed effects.
Computational statistical mechanics was born from numerical models of fluids developed in the 1950s, initially as a pet project by physicists. These Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations were later confirmed through clever applications of importance sampling, proving reliable evidence for describing matter.
A new Penn State research study found that posttraumatic stress symptoms increase risks for academic difficulties in student veterans. Partnered women were particularly affected due to relationship problems impacting their academic functioning.
Researchers developed an artificial metalloenzyme that can penetrate a mammalian cell and accelerate hormone release, activating a gene switch to create a fluorescent protein. This breakthrough enables the modification of cell functions on a genetic level or the creation of drugs from harmless precursors.
A study published in The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association found that 63% of Hepatitis C infections resulting from medical treatment were discovered after patients became acutely ill. Researchers highlight the importance of proactive reporting and proper infection control practices to prevent such incidents.
Tropical Cyclone 02A formed approximately 655 nautical miles south of Masirah Island, Oman. The storm was observed by NASA's Aqua satellite and is forecast to strengthen as it moves over warm waters before making landfall in Oman.
The University of Utah's Masood Parvania is developing microgrid controllers that can distribute electrical power more efficiently and securely in case of a power outage. His team will test these technologies on a new laboratory setup, also aiming to educate the next generation of power engineers.
The Zephyr Endobronchial Valve successfully reduced shortness of breath and improved lung function in patients with severe emphysema, with benefits lasting at least one year after treatment. Proper patient selection was key to the trial's success.
A study by McGill University Health Centre researchers has uncovered the mechanisms of overhydration leading to hyponatremia, a common condition in patients with traumatic brain injuries. The study reveals that glial cells detect overhydration and trigger the release of taurine, which inhibits hydration sensing neurons.
Juhyun Lee is using a new $251,000 grant from the American Heart Association to explore targeted delivery of messenger RNA to reverse damage caused by congenital heart disease. His goal is to modulate mechanical forces and reduce gene expressions to stimulate heart growth or healing.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center found that intense post-treatment surveillance does not improve detection of recurrence or overall survival in stage I, II, or III colorectal cancer. The study suggests that current guideline recommendations need to be reconsidered.
A new study found that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have reduced ability to detect lies, making them more susceptible to manipulation. The researchers suggest training individuals with ASD to improve their deception detection skills, which could enhance their lives.
Researchers have identified a new inherited neurodevelopmental disease caused by a recessive mutation in the CAMK2A gene, leading to slow growth, seizures, and learning difficulties. The disorder is also linked to other neurological conditions such as epilepsy and autism.
A study by Se Woong Lee found that students taught by successive teachers with expertise in the subject they're learning are more likely to succeed both short-term and long-term. This suggests that schools can increase student success by prioritizing teacher qualifications and collaboration among educators.
A new study found that gentle stretching can reduce tumor size and improve immune response in a mouse model of breast cancer. The research suggests a link between stretching, inflammation resolution, and improved immune function.
A new study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers found that exposure to lead in the air and topsoil is associated with lower fertility rates among US women and men. The study analyzed data from the 1970s to 2000s and found that reduced airborne lead levels boosted fertility, while higher levels of lead in soil decreased it.
Researchers mapped coyote range expansion from ancient fossils to modern museum specimens, correcting misconceptions of their original range. Their findings indicate coyotes had a broader geographic distribution than previously thought, with significant expansions into taiga forests, deciduous forests, and tropical rainforests.
A study of 150,000 insurance claims found that patients who saw a physical therapist first had significantly lower rates of opioid prescriptions, advanced imaging services, and emergency department visits. They also had lower out-of-pocket costs and a higher probability of hospitalization in some cases.
NASA analyzed satellite data to measure heavy US rainfall, finding record amounts in the Mid-Atlantic region. The extreme precipitation led to severe flooding along several rivers, including Washington D.C.'s Potomac River.
Scientists create new diamond etching process using solid-solution reaction of carbon into nickel at high temperature, enabling continuous diamond etching at a high rate. This technology avoids plasma damage and allows for selective etching of diamond in direct contact with nickel.
A recombinant E. coli strain has been developed to biosynthesize 60 different nanomaterials covering 35 elements on the periodic table. The team successfully synthesized 33 novel nanomaterials for the first time, advancing the design of nanomaterials through biosynthesis.
The Bumble-BEEHAVE model predicts individual and interacting effects of stressors on bumblebee survival and informs management recommendations. The tool aids in designing field experiments, risk assessments, and assigning bespoke management advice.
Researchers have discovered a potential link between tuberculosis and Parkinson's disease, suggesting that drugs designed to treat Parkinson's may also work for TB. The study found that LRRK2 protein prevents immune cells from clearing bacteria, leading to build-up of protein in neurons that disrupts their function.
Successful weight loss maintainers exhibit distinct behavioral and physiological responses to food, including decreased salivation and heart rate after consuming highly palatable foods. This difference in response may contribute to their ability to sustain weight loss over time.
A team of physicists has calculated the size of scale-free and small-world networks, which have six degrees of separation. This method can be applied to modeling complex networks and predicting their capacity to tolerate faults.
The UK government has invested £1m in the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP) to accelerate the development of a new treatment for drug-resistant gonorrhoea. This funding will enable sustainable access to the treatment in low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of infection is greatest.
Researchers have discovered that soil microbes use chemical signals to defend against each other and devastating crop diseases. The study found that certain bacteria can induce fungi to produce protective compounds, while the fungus's own defense mechanisms are triggered by the bacterial invasion.
A new study by San Francisco State University researchers finds that alarm-calling bird species promote the ability of other species to use risky parts of the forest, bringing together species that normally flock on their own. By creating a safe zone from predators, these birds maintain biodiversity in the rainforest.