Researchers have developed a novel cryogenic near-field optical microscope to study graphene plasmons at variable temperatures. They discovered that compact nanolight can travel along the surface of graphene without unwanted scattering, opening up new applications in sensors, imaging, and signal processing.
Research is lacking on the effectiveness of early childhood development programs in humanitarian settings, which are plagued by war, disaster, and displacement. The article calls for further investigation into the implementation processes that lead to successful outcomes.
A 5-year lifestyle counseling program for adult men was linked with a reduced risk of developing cancers related to overweight, diet, and smoking over 25 years. The study found that changes to a healthier diet and stopping smoking in adulthood can reduce the risk of some cancer forms.
Scientists used deep brain stimulation to regulate blood sugar metabolism and increase insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. The treatment showed promising results, reducing insulin requirements and boosting glucose tolerance.
A novel index of coronary artery stenosis severity called resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) has been found to be diagnostically equivalent to instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR). The study, presented at EuroPCR, suggests RFR could identify pressure-based stenosis severity independent of timing within the cardiac cycle.
A new report from WCRF shows that overweight or obesity increases cancer risk by at least 12 types of cancer. Regularly drinking sugar-sweetened drinks increases cancer risk due to weight gain, while being physically active can help protect against three cancers: bowel, breast, and womb.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have identified the source of IL-25, an inflammatory cytokine linked to chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma. The study found that solitary chemosensory cells in the sinuses produce IL-25, which can recruit immune cells and lead to inflammation.
A new study found that streams and rivers could increase carbon dioxide emissions at higher temperatures, potentially compounding the effects of global warming. The research team analyzed data from six major climatic zones across the globe and found a 24% shift toward more respiration and CO2 emissions.
The 'Wadi Abu Dom Itinerary' project has made its archaeological findings from Sudan available online, allowing the public to explore and compare data with other researchers. The project's geoinformation system enables users to view point data and area data for all recorded structures and access additional information.
Researchers have developed a new transmission electron microscopy technique that can determine the 3D position of individual atoms with atomic resolution. The technique uses image intensity measurements to reconstruct the atomic potentials, allowing for more quantitative reconstruction of weakly scattering samples.
A team of researchers has developed a device called SpiderMass that enables surgeons to analyze tissue samples in real-time, potentially speeding up cancer surgery. The device uses mass spectrometry and a new ionization strategy to detect protein biomarkers, which could help identify stray cancer cells faster.
The researchers aim to make breakthroughs in understanding bacterial cell growth, hematologic malignancies, brain perceptions and behaviors, and neuron-glia communication. Each will receive $8 million over a seven-year term to pursue their fundamental questions.
Researchers at MIT have developed a fleet of autonomous boats that can ferry goods and people, reducing street traffic. The boats can also be printed using 3D technology and equipped with sensors to monitor water quality, providing insights into urban health.
A study of 1280 older adults found that medication-related harm was common, affecting 1 in 3 patients post-hospital discharge, with 50% preventable. The cost to the NHS was estimated at £396 million, largely due to hospital readmissions.
Researchers have developed an automated atom fabrication process using machine learning, paving the way for mass production of atom-scale devices. This breakthrough aims to reduce energy consumption by 1000 times and increase computation speed a hundredfold, making it a game-changing technology for the information age.
A population epidemiology study found no association between high-lithium concentration groundwater and diagnoses of bipolar disorder or dementia. The study accounted for local healthcare resources and demographics, a factor known to influence mental health diagnosis rates.
Vanderbilt University researchers have discovered a way to produce cheap and small carbon nanotubes from air, which are supermaterials stronger than steel and more conductive than copper. This breakthrough could steer the conversation towards using these materials in future technology, rather than just focusing on reducing emissions.
A recent study found short weekend sleep increased mortality risk in under 65-year-olds. Long or short weekday sleep also showed increased mortality when compared to consistently sleeping 6-7 hours daily.
Research presented at the European Congress on Obesity shows that obesity surgery is associated with a 61% fall in malignant melanoma risk and a 42% drop in skin cancer risk. The study suggests that weight loss in individuals with obesity can reduce the risk of deadly melanoma, which has steadily increased in many countries.
Researchers at Tohoku University have discovered a potential therapeutic strategy for ATR-X syndrome using 5-aminolevulinic acid, which rescues synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits. The treatment targets G-quadruplexes, a pathway involved in the pathology of other diseases.
A recent study by Melinda Knuth of Texas A&M University explores the importance of efficient water usage in landscaping and horticulture. The research suggests that relying on recycled water can help conserve this diminishing resource, ultimately benefiting both human life and plant growth.
A UK analysis of 18,730 patients found that surgery reduced the risk of dying from breast cancer by 40%, compared to primary endocrine therapy. The study suggests that surgery may be a more effective treatment option for older women with oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
The latest WHO data shows that southern European countries have the highest rate of child obesity, with rates ranging from 5% to 9% in countries such as France and Norway. However, some countries like Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Greece have seen a decrease in childhood obesity rates due to significant efforts in management and prevention.
Most American preppers are influenced by mass media and government fears, preparing for short to medium-term disasters and believing society will recover afterwards. The culture of fear in the US since 9/11 and official recommendations from FEMA have contributed to this response.
Researchers found that an antioxidant-enriched multivitamin may decrease respiratory illnesses in people with CF by prolonging the time between illnesses and reducing inflammation. The study, led by Children's Hospital Colorado and the University of Colorado School of Medicine, involved 73 patients with pancreatic-insufficient CF.
A new University of Guelph study has discovered that exposure to pesticides like paraquat and maneb increases the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Low-level pesticide exposure disrupts cells in a way that mimics genetic mutations, drastically increasing disease onset risk.
A recent study reveals lung cancer incidence is now higher among young women than men, with convergence of rates seen among non-Hispanic blacks and Asians/Pacific Islanders. Differences in smoking behaviors or types of lung cancer may contribute to this shift.
Non-White homeless adolescents are more likely to report police harassment and be arrested, but elements of living on the street offset racial disparities. Visibility and past experiences play a role in subsequent events leading to arrest.
Researchers found that people's decisions are influenced by their past judgments to remain consistent with themselves. The study suggests that the brain prioritizes self-consistency over remembering precise details of the past.
Groundbreaking research reveals that leg exercise sends vital signals to the brain for healthy neural cells. Limiting physical activity impairs nerve cell production and maturity.
Under the new guideline, an estimated 31 million more US adults will have high blood pressure, requiring antihypertensive treatment. The revised definition of high blood pressure, above 130/80 mm Hg, may lead to increased treatment recommendations.
A new reference manual is in development to provide standards for military-civilian training platforms, ensuring combat readiness and retaining critical skills. The partnership aims to address challenges facing military surgery and civilian trauma care, including standard pre-deployment training and skills retention.
Researchers at MIT have developed an algorithm that uses a network-based approach to optimize taxi fleets in cities. The solution, dubbed the 'minimum fleet problem,' reduces the number of vehicles needed by 30% while maintaining service levels.
Researchers found that chimpanzees use distinct 'hoo' variants in different behavioral contexts, such as travel and rest. These variations enable receivers to respond appropriately and maintain cohesion, facilitating cooperation.
Chinese consumers mistrust domestic food supply chains, seeking safer imported EU products with clear country of origin labels. To capitalize on this demand, European producers can enhance product safety and authenticity through third-party certifications and tamperproof seals.
San Francisco State University has received a $3.3 million National Science Foundation grant to develop teacher leadership skills and support the professional development of over 1,000 Robert Noyce scholars from 14 western states. The grant aims to promote greater equity and social justice in math and science education.
Research reveals that cells must grow large enough to produce four key proteins before committing to division. This mechanism, discovered in budding yeast cells, may hold clues for controlling abnormal cell growth and its link to diseases like cancer.
A new study finds that chemsex disclosure is associated with higher rates of new HIV diagnoses, as well as Hepatitis C and other STIs. Researchers urge at-risk GBMSM to access pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and increase public awareness about the potential consequences of chemsex.
A UK-based research team found that prolonged antidepressant use is associated with a sustained increase in weight gain over at least five years. The study analyzed data from over 300,000 adults and showed that patients prescribed any of the 12 most commonly used antidepressants were more likely to experience weight gain.
Research suggests that being overweight in childhood and having above-average weight gain during puberty increases the risk of developing adult colon cancer in men. However, this risk is not present for boys who do not experience significant weight gain during puberty.
A new study highlights the negative influence of social media on children's food intake, particularly with regards to celebrity endorsements and vlogger marketing. Children who viewed Instagram pages featuring unhealthy snack images consumed 32% more calories from these snacks compared to those who saw non-food images.
Adults with severe eczema are at a higher risk of cardiovascular problems, including heart attacks and strokes. The study found that patients with severe eczema had a 20-70% increased risk of major cardiovascular events compared to those without eczema.
Researchers at King's College London found that patients prescribed antidepressants were 21% more likely to experience weight gain than those not taking the drugs. The risk of weight gain remained elevated for up to six years, with peak risk periods after two to three years of continued use.
A new surgery involving ultrasound energy has been found to significantly reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The operation targets the nerves connected to the kidney and uses a one-hour procedure called 'renal denervation'. This could offer an alternative to lifelong medications for high blood pressure.
Researchers at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus have shed light on intestinal failure-associated liver disease, a condition that affects people relying on IV nutrition due to intestinal damage. The study suggests three possible new targets for drug intervention to prevent or treat the disease.
Children with leukemia experience frequent vertebral fractures during chemotherapy, often persisting into adulthood. Vertebral deformities are more common in older children and those with severe collapse.
A study of 109,089 adults in nine states and three that passed laws permitting service denial found an increase in mental distress among sexual minority adults. Mental health was defined as poor mental health on 14 or more days past 30.
Columbia Engineering researchers have demonstrated a chip-based dual-comb spectrometer in the mid-infrared range, requiring no moving parts and acquiring spectra in under 2 microseconds. This breakthrough could lead to the development of a lab-on-a-chip for real-time sensing in nanoseconds.
Antibodies against myeloperoxidase signal impending relapse in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis patients. Routine monitoring may help prevent disease flare-ups.
Patients with severe eczema have a 20% increased risk of stroke and a 70% increased risk of heart failure compared to those without eczema. The absolute risk is low, but targeted screening and primary prevention strategies could be needed for these patients.
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory successfully simulated an atomic nucleus using a quantum computer, demonstrating the ability of quantum systems to compute nuclear physics problems. The team extracted the deuteron's binding energy with high accuracy, despite challenges posed by inherent noise on the chip.
A new study by Brown University researchers found that children with early-life obesity had lower perceptual reasoning and working memory scores compared to lean children, while also indicating potential lower IQ scores. Obesity was shown to dysregulate hormones affecting multiple brain regions, leading to cognitive difficulties.
Researchers used scanning photocurrent microscopy to study atomically thin nanomaterials exposed to light, revealing the processes affecting electrical current generation. The study suggests that charge transfer is beneficial for photodetection while energy transfer is preferred for photovoltaic applications.
Researchers found that local population involvement and fair decision-making processes are critical to successful low-carbon energy transitions. This includes communication channels, information sharing, and addressing concerns of those affected by the change.
Researchers found myelin stimulates axonal outgrowth in precursor neurons and stem cells, enhancing threefold growth. This breakthrough supports the use of neural precursor cells and iPSC-derived stem cells for repairing spinal cord injuries.
A new study found that postmenopausal women who engaged in strenuous exercise regularly in their teens had lower risk of height loss. The study also identified other factors associated with height loss, including older age, heavier weight, and use of corticosteroids.
A population-based registry study confirms that secondary surgery can delay recurrence by two years and improve median overall survival by at least six years. The treatment model is centralized in Norway, which led to the favorable results, and may be adopted by other countries.
A study found that virtual follow-up visits for hypertension care had similar outcomes to in-person office visits, with no significant difference in blood pressure control or need for specialty visits. This innovation could expand access to primary care services while reducing healthcare utilization.
A team of scientists developed a mathematical model to analyze antibody levels in Thai patients, identifying a 'window of risk' for individuals who are more susceptible to severe forms of the disease. The study's findings offer new insights into dengue infection and may lead to closer monitoring and vaccination strategies.
Researchers at Penn Medicine found a statistically significant relationship between alcohol-related social media engagement and both alcohol consumption and problems. Moderate effect sizes were observed across all 19 studies, suggesting a correlation between social media engagement and drinking behaviors.