A new study reveals that students from poorly performing schools who match top A Level grades do better on medical degrees. This research calls for relaxing medical school entry criteria to increase access and diversity.
Researchers at OHSU have identified the molecular basis linking a pregnant mother's nutrition to her child's growth. A key protein called DLX1 was found to impact GHRH and AgRP neuron development, affecting growth and metabolism in infants.
The article highlights significant flaws in the design, implementation, and analysis of pharmacogenetic tests for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) and related psychiatric conditions. The researchers argue that these tests are not supported by robust evidence and may provide misleading information.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a 4.5-nm-long molecule that forms coherent resonant electron-tunneling devices, exhibiting thermal stability similar to traditional materials. The discovery paves the way for future molecular-scale electronic research and addresses limitations in conventional electronics.
Spin waves transmitted through a magnetic insulator film have the advantage that energy loss is small and long-distance transmission is possible. By studying the influence of stress magnitude on spin waves, researchers found that large stress can transmit spin waves even with weak permanent magnets attached.
Researchers have developed a way to control spin transport in networks of the smallest electrical conductor known to man. By attaching nano-particles of gadolinium to carbon nanotubes, they increased electrical conductivity and demonstrated the Spin Valve Effect, which can enhance electron transfer in devices.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University found that even highly resilient coral reefs can be compromised by local disturbances like excess nutrients and sewage. The study's results suggest that removing these pollutants is crucial to securing the world's most valuable ecosystems.
A recent study has found that 'uniquely human' muscles, such as those associated with bipedalism and facial expressions, are present in various ape species. Researchers have discovered that these muscles are not exclusive to humans, but are also found in bonobos and other apes, suggesting a more complex origin of human soft tissues.
Research finds that rice grown under higher carbon dioxide concentrations has lower levels of iron, zinc, protein, and vitamins B1, B2, B5, and B9. This decrease may exacerbate malnutrition among populations relying heavily on rice as a staple food source.
A study found that rice grown under higher CO2 concentrations has lower nutritional value, particularly in protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin B content. This decrease may have significant implications for the health of populations relying heavily on rice as a primary food source.
A new analysis projects a 4°C temperature increase by 2084, more severe than the 2°C threshold set by the Paris Agreement. This would lead to extreme weather events, ecosystem disruption, and societal threats.
A new study found that increased CO2 levels in rice can lead to lower levels of four key B vitamins and reduced protein, iron, and zinc. The nutritional deficits could have a disproportionate impact on health outcomes in the poorest rice-dependent countries.
A Norwegian-Greek study found that five traditional risk factors and two new ones can identify people at high risk of developing lung cancer. The research group created a risk calculator that can predict lung cancer with near-90% accuracy, reducing the need for unnecessary CT scans.
A study found that Norwegian boys continue to trail behind girls in reading skills, with 21% of 15-year-old boys unable to read well. The discrepancy persists despite instruction and suggests inadequate teaching practices.
Researchers developed a nanomaterial treatment that strengthens aging canvas fibers and surface, increasing flexibility. This alternative method could replace conventional treatments, helping preserve iconic artworks like Van Gogh's paintings.
Scientists have introduced a universal pH-regulated assembly method for DNA nanostructures, using ethylenediamine to control self-directed cohesions. This method enables the formation of various geometries without specific base sequences, expanding dynamic DNA nanotechnology applications.
Researchers are reevaluating lactate's role in metabolism and its potential as a treatment for various diseases. Lactate supplementation has been shown to speed recovery after injury or illness and is being explored as a tool to control blood sugar, fuel the brain, and manage inflammation.
A recent study revealed that pain tolerance is strongly associated with friendships, particularly among males. The study found that friends tend to have similar pain tolerance levels, which may be due to social transmission or peer pressure.
Under projected high greenhouse gas levels, Floridians may face more extreme heatwaves with profound impacts on human health and the state's economy. Heatwaves lasting longer at night could exacerbate urban heat island effects, making cities like Miami and Orlando particularly vulnerable.
A recent study published in BMC Medicine found that the negative effects of screen time on cardiovascular disease, cancer incidence, and mortality are more pronounced in people with lower levels of fitness and physical activity. Increasing strength and fitness may offset these risks, suggesting a targeted approach to reducing screen ti...
A team at TUM has shown that phase separation is an efficient way of selecting and stabilizing chemical building blocks, allowing them to survive longer. This process can be used to create self-replicating information carriers with life-like properties.
New research reveals that cigarette smoke directly damages muscles by reducing blood vessel numbers, impacting metabolism and activity levels. This muscle damage is a key risk factor for chronic diseases such as COPD and diabetes.
A recent study by Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons found that poor older adults with Medicaid insurance who receive treatment for a critical illness in the ICU are more likely to die after hospital discharge compared to those with commercial insurance. The disparity is greatest among survivors of critical illness wi...
Scientists at the University of Edinburgh have developed a lab-based system for studying Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of liver disease in the developed world. The new tool enables researchers to investigate biological mechanisms and develop effective treatments.
A new study by Boston University School of Public Health found that US state laws permitting the denial of services to same-sex couples due to religious or moral beliefs harm the mental health of sexual minority adults. The research, which analyzed BRFSS data from 2014-2016, showed a significant increase in mental distress among gay, l...
A population-based study in Gothenburg, Sweden identifies BMI change during puberty as a potential novel risk factor for adult heart failure in men. Boys who were normal weight at 8 years of age and became overweight during puberty were three times more likely to be diagnosed with heart failure as adults.
Avoiding excess body weight and maintaining a stable weight in middle adulthood may help prevent several obesity-related cancers in women. High weight gain is associated with a significantly increased risk of pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and endometrial cancer.
Researchers developed Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect Zika virus in mosquitoes, outperforming current methods with 18x speed and 110x cost savings. The technology has shown a 94-99% accuracy rate under laboratory conditions and is being tested for detecting other diseases like dengue and malaria.
Researchers at Hiroshima University found that space-like gravity affects the process of gene expression in muscle cells, leading to slower muscle development. DNA methylation is a key player in regulating muscle cell differentiation, with potential targets for treating skeletal muscle atrophy identified.
A clinical trial of 179 patients found improvement in facial angiofibroma appearance with topical rapamycin treatment. The use of topical rapamycin is considered safe and effective for treating disfiguring growths in people with tuberous sclerosis complex.
A comprehensive study published in Psychological Medicine found a strong link between depression and cognitive decline in older adults. The research, which analyzed data from over 71,000 participants, revealed that people with depression experienced a greater decline in cognitive state than those without depression.
Scientists at Goethe University Frankfurt reveal atomic details of Legionella's enzymatic weapon and develop the first inhibitor. The discovery has implications for tackling antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which threaten global health and economic stability.
A study found that tweets containing moral rhetoric may signal whether a protest will turn violent. Researchers developed a model to detect moralized language, which nearly doubled on days when clashes among protesters and police became violent.
Arthritis patients with poor sleep quality reported lower weekly minutes of moderate-vigorous activity. Participants with restless sleep had 11.9% and 23.7% less physical activity compared to those with rare restless sleep.
A study found that evening use of light-emitting tablets can delay desired bedtimes, suppress melatonin secretion, and impair next-morning alertness. Healthy adults who used tablets before bed reported later sleep onset and rated themselves as less sleepy the next morning.
A team of Rockefeller scientists has discovered the molecular signals that direct cell differentiation in human embryos, shedding light on the earliest stages of development. The findings have implications for regenerative medicine and could lead to new treatments for diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
Active case finding is recommended for hepatitis B and C, HIV, and tuberculosis in prison settings. The approach aims to diagnose infectious diseases early and interrupt transmission. Key findings include a high burden of communicable diseases among prisoners, leading to increased risk of transmission upon release.
A large study published in Diabetologia found that consuming two ounces of tree nuts daily can improve glycemic control and blood lipid levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The research, funded by the International Tree Nut Council, showed a modest but significant improvement in blood glucose control despite higher fat intake.
Experts call on UK health professionals to support a 'people's vote' to protect public health as Brexit poses significant threats to the NHS, including reduced funding and access issues.
Researchers developed a film coating to prevent bacterial growth on dental retainers and aligners. The coated plastic showed improved durability and reduced bacterial growth by 75%, offering a potential solution for maintaining oral hygiene.
Scientists create nanoparticles that can change their surface topography under light control, enabling precise control over chemical reactions. This breakthrough allows for more efficient and selective catalysis, with potential applications in multistage reactions and simplified post-reaction processing.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that social isolation in patients with heart failure can lead to a higher risk of death and hospitalization. The research, which surveyed over 1,600 patients with heart failure, revealed that those who reported high levels of social isolation were 3.7 times mo...
Researchers at the University of Illinois developed a 3D printer that creates delicate networks of hardened isomalt sugar structures, which can be used to grow cells and tissue, or create microfluidic devices. The structures' ability to precisely control mechanical properties makes them ideal for biomedical applications.
Researchers analyzed coprolites from freshwater sediments dating back to the Early Cretaceous period and found a diverse range of carnivorous animals that fed mainly on fish. The findings support previous evidence suggesting Las Hoyas was a rich and diverse wetland ecosystem.
A Phase 1 clinical trial is evaluating the safety and tolerability of mAb114, a single monoclonal antibody developed from an Ebola survivor. The trial aims to enroll 18-30 healthy volunteers and will not expose participants to Ebola virus.
A nearly 130-million-year-old fossilized skull found in Utah is evidence that the super-continental split occurred more recently than previously thought. The study suggests that early mammal relatives migrated across several continents during the Early Cretaceous period, occupying various niches similar to modern mammals.
Researchers found that skin is more susceptible to cancer-causing compounds from barbecuing than inhalation, with clothing offering limited protection. The study suggests washing clothes soon after leaving a grilling area to reduce exposure.
A systematic review of protein supplement studies found that consuming protein with meals helps maintain body weight while decreasing fat mass. Snacking on protein supplements may not be as effective for weight control and can even lead to increased calorie intake.
The ETH Zurich researchers developed nanovalves that can control individual nanoparticles in liquids using electric forces. This technology enables sorting and manipulation of tiny particles such as metal, semiconductor, virus, liposomes, and antibodies.
A recent study found that how older adults perceive their relative socioeconomic status influences their feelings about growing older. The researchers conducted an online survey of 296 adults over 60 and found that the way people perceived their status made a significant difference in their aging attitudes.
A large observational study found opioid-related adverse drug events (ORADEs) were common among hospitalized patients undergoing surgery and endoscopy procedures. ORADEs were associated with worse patient outcomes, including increased risk of inpatient mortality, longer hospital stays, and higher costs.
A systematic review by Purdue University experts reveals that whey protein supplements combined with physical activity can help women improve their body composition. The study found a modest increase in lean mass without influencing fat mass, supporting the use of whey protein as an effective strategy for achieving a leaner body type.
A new study found that even parked in the shade, vehicles can reach lethal temperatures for a child in under two hours. The research highlights the importance of awareness and prevention measures to prevent pediatric vehicular heatstroke.
Researchers have identified gulls as the major source of E. coli beach closings on Lake Michigan beaches in Indiana. The team found that trained dogs patrolled beaches with a dog deterrence program reduced gull abundance by nearly 100% and beach closures, resulting in improved water quality.
A team of researchers has pinpointed a location where an entire million years of undisturbed ice might be preserved intact. The discovery aims to better understand natural climate changes and the history of the Ross Ice Shelf.
A Brazilian university and Harvard study found that overweight and obesity cause approximately 4% of the country's new cancer cases. The study predicts this number will double by 2025, reaching 29,000 cases.
Young orphaned elephants alter their home ranges due to poaching risks and need for food, shifting towards novel areas with easier access to green pasture. This inter-generational response has significant implications for elephant populations as habitats are increasingly squeezed by human activity.
A study published by The Endocrine Society found that couples who eat more seafood tend to get pregnant faster. Seafood consumption was associated with a higher frequency of sexual activity and shorter time to pregnancy, suggesting other biological factors may be at play.
A new study reveals that the protein RGS14 functions as a molecular brake on learning and memory by regulating calcium levels in the hippocampus. The researchers found that RGS14 limits plasticity in CA2 neurons, which are less adaptable than neighboring CA1 neurons.
Survey data shows Trump's early presidency exacerbating demographic and cultural differences between Republicans and Democrats. Author Gary Jacobson warns of Democratic prospects for winning House control if Trump's approval ratings remain below 40%.