Researchers discovered vitamin D is essential for embryonic development and dormancy in fish, a trait conserved across species. This finding could lead to better understanding of dormancy mechanisms and their applications in human health.
Researchers have discovered a universal power law describing black carbon's light absorption, which could help climate scientists build more accurate models. The findings suggest that warming due to black carbon may have been underestimated by current climate models.
Researchers have generated a novel mouse model with a humanized cereblon receptor to study the effects of immunomodulatory drugs. The new mice respond to treatment with these drugs, revealing distinct therapeutic pathways for immunomodulation.
The study found that MDMA increases activity in brain regions linked to social processing, particularly when interacting with trustworthy players. This suggests that MDMA may be a valuable tool in treating psychiatric conditions like PTSD by enhancing cooperation and rebuilding relationships.
The nationwide average exposure to PM2.5 in China decreased significantly between 2005 and 2015, mainly attributed to declining household solid fuel use. Researchers estimate that replacing all remaining household solid fuels with clean energy sources could prevent an additional half-million premature deaths per year.
A recent study published in JAMA Neurology reveals that adults with Down syndrome are more likely to die from dementia, highlighting the importance of studying disease progression and potential treatments for this population. The study, which included 211 adults, found that 70% of those who died had dementia.
Researchers found a bright appearance on deltoid muscle ultrasounds is associated with type 2 diabetes, indicating earlier treatment may be warranted. The study suggests using shoulder ultrasound as a supplemental screening option to detect undiagnosed patients.
Researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that teens increasingly choose pot over alcohol and cigarettes. The average school grade during which young people first tried alcohol and cigarettes has increased, with a significant drop in the proportion who used cigarettes before marijuana.
Researchers have discovered 16 novel giant viruses in a forest soil ecosystem, more than doubling the known giant virus diversity. These viruses were found using a non-standard approach that involved flow-sorting microbes into small pools, revealing a wealth of giant viruses previously overlooked.
Scientists at NRL have developed a chip-based beam steering technology that steers laser light in two dimensions without mechanical devices, offering improved steering capability and higher scan speed rates. The new technology has potential applications in chemical sensing, monitoring emissions, and other industrial facilities.
Researchers discovered that Sonora cactus pads undergo complex microscale, seasonal and age-related wettability changes. This unique characteristic is now being applied to develop smart materials for hazmat suits, which will preserve water while allowing vapor and heat transfer.
Researchers at RUDN University have created a new method for producing hydrogen fuel using fermented flour from Chinese bread. The process produces a porous carbon material that exhibits high electrocatalytic activity, outperforming current carbon-based catalysts and comparable to metal ones.
A study in central Pennsylvania found chemical and isotopic evidence of upward methane migration from the Marcellus shale, suggesting geochemical indicators for distinguishing recent methane contamination. The research also identified geological features facilitating methane migration near hydraulically fractured shale gas wells.
A new study found that inflammatory skin disorders like psoriasis increase the risk of type-2 diabetes. Improving skin health could be crucial for controlling blood sugar levels and reducing diabetes risk.
A study published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that video chat technology, such as Skype, significantly reduces the risk of depression among older adults. Researchers compared four online communication technologies and discovered that video chat had almost half the estimated probability of depressive symptoms.
Scientists at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center develop a computer algorithm to analyze breast cancer images and identify tumor characteristics. The AI system achieves high accuracy in distinguishing between low-intermediate and high-grade tumors, as well as estrogen receptor status and molecular subtypes.
Research reveals that variation in opsin gene expression affects guppy females' preferences for male orange colors, highlighting the interplay between visual properties and mate choice. Genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors contribute to differing light sensitivity, driving the evolution of diverse male sexual colors.
A new study reveals that climate change is impacting human health, food supply, infrastructure, and economy through 467 ways, including warming, drought, heatwaves, wildfires, precipitation, floods, and sea level rise. By 2100, the number of hazards occurring concurrently will increase, making it difficult for people to cope.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience found that mice with a SETD5 mutation have brains less flexible, leading to difficulties in forming new memories and adapting to situations. The researchers also discovered that the gene cooperates with other proteins to regulate gene expression during learning and memory formation.
A liquid nitrogen storage tank failure at a fertility center resulted in the loss of over 4,000 frozen eggs and embryos. Researchers argue that a ruling in favor of a couple's wrongful death lawsuit could lead to limits on abortion, stem cell research, and IVF.
A new study found that routine Hepatitis C testing in correctional facilities identified nearly 35% more cases than targeted testing, which could lead to the cure of many cases and prevention of liver disease. Researchers recommend implementing routine testing for all incarcerated individuals upon arrival to address the national strate...
Professor Sheldon Jacobson and his students developed a risk-based security system that streamlined airport screenings, saving an estimated $350 million annually. Their work led to the creation of TSA PreCheck, which uses dynamic models to assess passenger risk over time.
A team of astronomers has identified a giant disrupted 'tadpole' galaxy 300 million light years away, with an elliptical head and a long straight tail. The galaxy is ten times larger than the Milky Way and contains a system of two close disc galaxies.
Researchers discovered a two-dimensional material that can become a magnetic topological insulator even without an external magnetic field. The material, chromium triiodide (CrI3), exhibits collective spin excitations called magnons, which behave similarly to photon waves.
Cytocybernetics is developing the Cybercyte for use with brain cells to study how drugs affect electrical activity in neurological disorders. The company will expand its focus beyond cardiac applications with the new funding.
Researchers pinpointed the anterior cingulate cortex as the brain region responsible for integrating disparate information to inform 'on-the-fly' decision-making. Activity in this region was associated with combining quality and quantity, while other areas linked to interaction between these factors were also activated.
Researchers found vast network of interconnected termite mounds in northeastern Brazil, covering area similar to Great Britain, with soil excavated over 10 cubic kilometers. The mounds are up to 4,000 years old and were formed by a single termite species that accessed dead leaves safely.
New research reveals that people react less strongly to malicious speech on digital platforms, seeing victims as less harmed. The study found mixed results but suggests anonymity can dampen social cues, leading to numbing effects from online harassment.
A team of computer scientists developed a novel deep learning-based approach to automatically generate realistic caricatures from portraits. Their method, called CariGANs, successfully generated clearer and more accurate caricature depictions that resemble hand-drawn artwork by professionals.
A team of Johns Hopkins scientists analyzed DNA sequences from 910 individuals of African descent and found 300 million base pairs of genetic material missing from the current human genome reference. This discovery highlights the need for more diverse reference genomes to better understand genetic variations across populations.
Research highlights creative uses of biological collections to understand global change, including study of microbial diversity from museum specimens. Biological collections are threatened by digitization and destruction, but preserving them is essential for unlocking their hidden data and understanding the history of life on Earth.
A recent MPIDR study suggests that young adults who move back home after independence experience an increase in depressive symptoms. The study also found that men and minority groups are more likely to be living with their parents, while those who live independently are less depressed and financially better off.
Researchers at Georgia Tech discover that wok tossing is a critical aspect of cooking fried rice, involving two oscillating motions: translational and rotational. By understanding these motions, they aim to develop robotic designs for automated fried rice cooking.
Researchers found that dogs search for additional information significantly more often when they have not seen where the reward is hidden. However, their searching flexibility was limited compared to primates and humans.
Researchers at Duke University have demonstrated a photonic crystal waveguide that directs photons of light around sharp corners with virtually no losses due to backscattering. This breakthrough enables the development of efficient light-based computing systems, which could replace electronic devices and save energy.
A recent study by Baycrest researchers found that individuals with mild cognitive impairment and primary progressive aphasia exhibited sluggish brainwaves and subtle signs of damage in memory and planning regions. These slowing brainwaves predicted the severity of their condition, such as degree of memory loss.
A study found that employee-focused health promotion programs can lead to increased weight stigma, discrimination, and decreased wellbeing among employees with obesity. In contrast, employer-focused programs may be more effective in promoting healthy behavior.
A study found that just 45 minutes of patient education can significantly improve patients' attitudes and abilities in self-managing their chronic care. Patients reported increased confidence and reduced emotional distress after the brief instruction.
A new study from Michigan State University and Johns Hopkins University found that more than half of recent healthcare data breaches were caused by internal negligence, rather than external hackers. The research identified six common categories of internal factors contributing to these breaches.
Researchers from UCI and Singapore find that widespread fires in Indonesia's peatlands, which are hundreds to thousands of years old, were the main source of severe air pollution in Southeast Asia. The team's analysis confirms human activities as the primary cause of these environmental catastrophes.
A new University of Michigan study suggests that spanking may be more harmful for children in developing countries than previously thought. The research, which analyzed data from 62 countries, found a link between physical discipline and lower social development among young children.
Researchers have developed a technique to isolate circulating tumor cells from blood, allowing for the analysis of protein makeup without biopsies. This could lead to more effective therapies and better patient outcomes by monitoring treatment progress remotely.
A study of 7,026 patients found that persistent high residual inflammatory risk after percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with a higher risk of death from any cause or myocardial infarction within one year. High sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were used to assess the level of risk.
Researchers have determined the three-dimensional structure of the PTH-1 receptor, a protein fragment involved in bone loss. This breakthrough enables the development of new drugs that may slow down or reverse osteoporosis without its current treatment's disadvantages.
A new study from the University of Kent has found that a common gut parasite, Blastocystis, can survive under conditions with increased oxygen levels, contrary to previous thinking. This discovery could provide insights into its role in intestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome.
A survey of 2,537 US adults found that roughly half believe the average person faces a serious health risk from food additives over their lifetime. Similarly, about half think genetically modified foods are worse for one's health. Women and those with low science knowledge tend to express more concern about these issues.
Scientists at Lancaster University created a fluorescent biosensor to visualize cilia and cell division simultaneously, enabling the study of their interplay in development, regeneration, and disease. This new tool will help researchers understand how changes in cilia dynamics affect cell division speed and tissue development.
Research reveals that women who undergo reconstructive surgeries using a large back muscle after radiation therapy experience significant losses in shoulder stability and function. Conversely, other methods such as pectoral muscle rebuild and abdominal tissue transfer produce equally good results for future shoulder function.
The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center will bring together leading researchers to provide new knowledge for better diagnoses and treatments of psoriasis and eczema. The center aims to strengthen the immune system's fight against over 3,000 known skin diseases.
Scientists from the University of Bristol have designed a new synthetic glucose binding molecule platform that brings us closer to developing the world's first glucose-responsive insulin. This innovation could eliminate hypoglycemia and provide better metabolic control for people living with diabetes.
A new QUT study reveals that men with a range of personality traits, particularly extraversion and emotional stability, tend to engage in sex more frequently. These individuals are also more likely to produce offspring. For women, being agreeable is linked to having more children.
Researchers found that female Asian black bears' teeth have narrower layers when they're raising cubs, indicating a decrease in reproductive success. This study provides a new tool to monitor and manage bear populations by analyzing tooth growth patterns.
A study by Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health and Science University researchers found that in-person social contact significantly reduced symptoms of depression and PTSD in veterans. In contrast, Facebook interaction frequency did not affect risk for these conditions.
A powerful new map by the University of Cincinnati illustrates dramatic changes in land use over the last quarter century, showing widespread deforestation and urbanization. The map highlights the devastating effects of climate change on the environment, including the shrinking Aral Sea and growing desertification in the Sahara Desert.
Researchers discovered genetic retroelements copying into and harming bacterial genomes, indicating a potential role in eukaryotic cell emergence. The study suggests an interplay between DNA repair mechanisms and retroelements may have driven evolutionary pressures.
Argonne researchers develop HyMag magnets increasing electric motor efficiency; Darshan software optimizes scientific data access; GRID-M provides near-real-time disaster supply chain status; Swift/T enables large-scale supercomputer calculations. These technologies have been recognized for their impact on various industries and fields
Tropical Cyclone Bouchra has regenerated into a tropical storm after dissipating as a low-pressure area, with winds reaching 50 knots. The storm's elongated shape indicates wind shear affecting its circulation center and weakening it.
The study reveals how calcium phosphate molecules crystallize and build up into a perfectly arranged bone structure. Researchers used an artificial biomaterial to mimic natural bone tissue functions, allowing them to study the phenomenon at an atomic level.
A RUDN scientist studied Tibetan soils and found that simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization decreases organic carbon content. This study challenges agricultural practices and suggests modifying management of alpine grasslands to prevent CO2 loss.
A new study found that only about a third of mandatory pediatric post-marketing drug studies were completed within seven years, leading to a lack of child-specific information on medication labels. This perpetuates off-label prescribing that may be unsafe or ineffective for children.