Researchers at Ohio University are exploring a protein that naturally occurs in the body to prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes. The protein, Apolipoprotein A-IV, is known to act as a satiation protein, telling the body to stop eating.
Individuals with childhood trauma exhibit decreased hippocampal volume and correlations with high blood oxidation status, differing from those without trauma. This redox dysregulation may lead to distinct symptom profiles and cognitive deficits in psychosis patients.
A recent study on wild spotted hyaenas found that females dominate males because they receive more social support. The research revealed that social support is a key factor in determining dominance relationships between the sexes.
Bridgett vonHoldt and Tom Smith used Mendelian genetics to identify the gene IGF-1 associated with bill size in black-bellied seedcrackers. The study found a 3:1 pattern of inheritance, where large beaks were dominant over small beaks.
A study published in Pediatrics found that nearly half of children exposed to second-hand marijuana smoke had detectable levels of THC, a reliable indicator of exposure. Researchers also discovered that third-hand smoke exposure can occur when individuals smoke and the residue lingers on their skin, hair, or clothes.
Climate researchers warn that peatlands in the Peruvian Amazon may lose up to 500 million tons of carbon by the end of the century due to warmer temperatures and increased precipitation. This loss could lead to a significant increase in global carbon emissions, exacerbating climate change.
A new study reveals that adults identifying as lesbian, gay, or bisexual are more likely to misuse opioids than heterosexual counterparts. Women who identify as bisexual are particularly at increased risk, with twice the likelihood of misuse compared to other groups.
The ESO's VLT captured the details of an elaborate serpentine system sculpted by colliding stellar winds, with Apep being a likely source of one of the most energetic phenomena in the Universe. The system consists of a nest of massive stars surrounded by a dust pinwheel.
The GPM satellite has observed light rain occurring throughout the eastern half of Tropical Depression 33W, with heavy rainfall concentrated near the storm's center. The depression is moving west-northwest and will later enter the South China Sea.
Researchers at UMass Medical School developed an siRNA therapy that reduces circulating sFLT1 levels and normalizes blood pressure and proteinuria in pregnant mice. The therapy shows promise as a potential strategy for treating preeclampsia in humans, but further studies are needed to optimize safety and efficacy.
A growing number of state laws are limiting local governments' ability to create food and nutrition policies, preventing regulation of areas like nutrition labeling and soda taxes. This trend is driven by industry pressure, with businesses using preemption to thwart public health efforts.
A team of researchers at Boston Children's Hospital has identified NUAK2 as a critical player in the Hippo pathway, which drives YAP-driven tumors. Inactivating NUAK2 with a small molecule compound strongly curbs cancer cell proliferation and liver overgrowth.
A new study reveals that Arctic amplification is primarily driven by local carbon dioxide forcing and polar feedbacks, outweighing other processes. This finding highlights the importance of understanding Arctic processes in controlling sea-ice retreat and ecosystem sensitivity to global warming.
A new study of disease transmission in bats has quantified unseen interactions that play a crucial role in the spread of disease through populations and between species. The researchers found that infrequent and indirect connections among individuals are far more important in disease transmission than previously thought.
Researchers found that Antarctica's mountains and valleys were formed by rivers, rather than glaciers, in a warmer era. The study suggests that this knowledge could aid in understanding how the ice sheet might respond to continued climate warming.
Researchers developed intelligent spray technology that uses laser and sensors to apply exact amount of pesticide needed, reducing costs by up to 70%. The technology also reduces environmental impact by minimizing drift and loss to the ground.
A small pilot study found that prazosin, commonly used to treat high blood pressure and PTSD-related sleep problems, may actually worsen nightmares and insomnia in PTSD patients, rather than reducing suicidal thoughts. The study, led by Dr. W. Vaughn McCall, involved 20 seriously psychiatrically ill patients with active suicidal thoughts.
A team of scientists has found that translocating frogs from recovering populations to sites where the species was previously driven to extinction can lead to population recovery. The researchers tracked the health and survival of translocated frogs over several years, uncovering key insights into how disease and climate influence popu...
Researchers have successfully used remote servers in Japan to autonomously optimize conditions for synthesizing drugs in a British laboratory. The process was controlled over the internet by researchers in the USA, demonstrating the potential of cloud-based approaches for international collaboration and efficient production processes.
A new study reveals the importance of 'cryptic' connections in disease transmission between species and among individuals. The researchers used fluorescent dust to track the dynamics of disease transmission in bat populations devastated by white-nose syndrome, a deadly fungal disease that has killed millions of bats in North America.
A new study predicts achieving and maintaining lower blood pressure goals could prevent 3.3 million cardiovascular disease events, while earlier guidelines may only prevent 1.6 million, according to a recent analysis using population-based databases.
A Penn State study suggests that children's executive functions in kindergarten can predict their mathematics, reading, and science achievement, as well as classroom behavior, in second grade. Deficits in working-memory, a key component of executive functions, are strongly linked to repeated academic difficulties across elementary school.
Scientists studied animals' sniffing behavior to design a better electronic nose that can detect different odors. The sensor uses airflow control and customized pumps to mimic animal sniffing patterns, promising applications in food safety, national security, and more.
A new computer model flags areas ripe for preservation of California's native species, focusing on biodiversity hotspots and evolutionary uniqueness. The model aims to prioritize conservation efforts with limited funds.
A UK population-based study found nearly one in five ICU survivors die within one year after discharge. Increased hospital use before and after ICU stay is associated with a higher risk of death, along with older age, multiple medical conditions, and organizational factors indicating high system stress.
A new study from MIT has found that a region of the thalamus is key to switching between rules required for different contexts. The mediodorsal thalamus suppresses irrelevant representations, protecting them as short-term memory for reactivation. This process helps maintain neural representations and enables context-dependent actions.
A new epigenetic therapy targeting enzyme G9a boosts cancer stem cells that drive adenocarcinoma in mice, but also identifies a strategy reducing these cells. Researchers now explore demethylase inhibitors as potential therapeutic drugs to curb lung cancer progression.
A University of Melbourne researcher has developed an organic, non-combustible and lightweight cladding core using ceramic particles activated by electrical cable insulation. This breakthrough material has been tested to withstand temperatures of 750 degrees Celsius and achieves Australian and International Standards on combustibility.
The EXPLORER scanner captures a 3-D picture of the whole human body at once, producing images in as little as one second. It can track specially tagged drugs and has countless applications in diagnostics, disease progression, and new drug therapies.
Research suggests that reducing nitrogen dioxide pollution in Copenhagen could increase average lifespan by an entire year and lead to improved quality of life. The study found that by 2040, the number of men suffering from cardiovascular diseases could be reduced by 680 per 100,000 men.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have discovered a drug that can block the spread of glioblastoma, the deadliest form of brain cancer, by halting the rapid movement of fluid within the body. The breakthrough finding could lead to improved treatment options for patients with glioblastoma.
A new blood test has been developed to detect early stage ovarian cancer using a bacterial toxin, with the test detecting significant levels of cancer glycan in over 90% of women with stage 1 ovarian cancer. The test also showed 100% accuracy for later stages of the disease and has potential for simple liquid biopsy monitoring.
The study found that targeted Facebook advertising increased the number of Trump voters by 10% in 2016. The campaign was particularly effective among voters who used Facebook regularly and had lower levels of education.
A new report from the American Cancer Society proposes key areas to advance cancer screening's contribution to cancer control. Research is needed to improve existing screening modalities, quality and performance of current tests, and develop new strategies for cancers amendable to screening.
According to the latest national food allergy prevalence survey, nearly 8% of US children (about 5.6 million) have food allergies, with 42% reporting at least one lifetime ED visit for a life-threatening reaction. However, only 40% of these children have a current prescription for an epinephrine auto-injector.
A study found that neural tissue density in a specific white matter pathway, the vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF), correlates with individual differences in stereoacuity. The VOF connects key visual areas involved in stereopsis and is crucial for understanding its neural basis.
Researchers found a link between shoulder muscle brightness on ultrasound and type 2 diabetes, with low glycogen levels suspected as the cause. The study's findings suggest that radiologists can use ultrasound images to predict diabetic status in nearly nine out of ten patients.
Researchers at Duke University have created a prototype of an artificial 'robot nose' device that uses living mouse cells to detect target odors, including cocaine and explosives. The device aims to mimic the human sense of smell and potentially replace trained dogs in security applications.
Scientists analyzed pre- and post-drilling water samples to identify methane contamination sources near Marcellus Shale gas wells. The study found that drilling-related methane leaks can change water chemistry, mobilizing metals and releasing unwanted compounds.
Researchers have discovered a new massive star system dubbed 'Apep,' featuring a slow-moving dust pinwheel that defies current theories on how large stars die. The system's unusual rotation is thought to cause the star to collapse at its poles before the equator, producing a gamma-ray burst.
Weekly air sample analysis in Singapore revealed that peat burning was the primary source of smoke during Indonesian fires in 2015. The study suggests that around 85% of smoke reaching Singapore originated from peat, highlighting the need to protect peat from wildfires.
Physicians say firearms are within their lane, disagreeing with NRA's stance on gun violence prevention. The American College of Physicians is collaborating with the American Foundation for Firearm Injury Reduction in Medicine to provide funding for research and develop practice recommendations on firearm injury prevention.
A portable device that can screen for cervical cancer using a smartphone has been developed by researchers at the University of Arizona. The device is estimated to be less than $3,000 and can analyze images automatically, recommend treatment, and identify potentially cancerous areas. Its affordability, portability, and ease of use make...
Scientists at Temple University Health System have identified LKB1 as a critical regulator of axon regeneration in mature neurons, leading to significant gains in functional recovery in mice with spinal cord injuries. Targeted upregulation of LKB1 protein stimulated long-distance neuron regeneration and improved locomotor function.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have found a previously unknown pathway for heat to travel from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, bypassing the Indonesian Throughflow. This discovery has significant implications for climate change research and could inform scientists about global warming.
Research finds that gravity and unique shapes of small objects in our solar system create and maintain their own rings. Astronomers discovered that rings around Chariklo and Haumea are confined by the object's irregularities, contradicting previous assumptions about moon-dominated ring systems.
A UCSF-led study found that women who experienced emotional abuse had 50% higher odds of night sweats and 60% higher odds of painful sex. Women with PTSD symptoms or domestic violence history also reported higher prevalence of menopausal pain and discomfort.
Researchers discovered that signal peptides can inhibit glutamate receptor trafficking, leading to potentiation of synaptic responses. The study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying glutamate receptor trafficking and its role in neurological disorders.
Researchers use cryo-electron microscopy to capture detailed snapshots of the TFIID molecule's dynamic structure as it interacts with DNA. The high-resolution images reveal new insights into the molecular mechanism and provide opportunities for developing drugs that target its structural changes.
A screening tool can identify child sex trafficking victims presenting with high-risk health complaints in a pediatric emergency department. The study suggests that this tool presents minimal risk of harm and does not require significant extra time or resources.
Research using young mice suggests that a nutrient-rich diet during early-life stress can improve brain development and function. The study found that micronutrients could help mitigate the negative effects of early-life stress on cognition, suggesting potential benefits for children's learning and memory abilities.
A new study reveals that the protein Del-1 plays a vital role in clearing inflammation by connecting dying neutrophils to macrophages. The 'location principle' suggests that homeostatic molecules perform different regulatory functions depending on their location.
Falls are a major cause of illness and death among older adults with impaired vision, affecting 50% who limit activity due to fear, and 1 in 4 experiencing recurrent falls. Researchers found that taking steps to prevent falls can help slow declines in well-being and independence.
Researchers identified a set of genetic variants associated with poorer stroke recovery in patients. The study, involving over 2,000 patients, found that certain variants of the PATJ gene predispose individuals to worse outcomes after a stroke, resulting in significant disability and dependence.
Researchers discovered that retrotransposons and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) interacted to create a selection pressure that helped lead to the emergence of advanced life. This interaction enabled eukaryotes to mix and match genes, creating more complicated functions.
A study explores how biomechanical factors shape plant organs, revealing a power-law distribution for growth strain within leaves. Researchers replicated leaf geometries in a hydrogel, offering insights into bioinspired structures in soft materials.
Researchers discover Levallois cores in Asia dating back 80,000 to 170,000 years, challenging the notion of East Asian technological lag. The independent emergence of this complex toolmaking technique supports the idea that ancient civilizations in the region were capable of innovation.
Researchers at Polytechnique Montréal have developed a technology that uses a femtosecond laser and gold nanoparticles to make precise incisions in cells, allowing for effective gene delivery. This breakthrough offers new hope for treating eye diseases such as glaucoma, retinitis, and macular degeneration.
A researcher at Georgia State University has received a three-year grant to study how nanostructured materials affect the passage of substances. The goal is to design more efficient desalination and energy harvesting technologies, which could provide new avenues for resource management.
Producing bio jet fuels from forestry residues in Norway can help reduce climate impacts, but it may affect other SDGs like Zero Hunger and Clean Water. The country could potentially produce 20% of its projected jet fuel use from forest residues by 2030.