Researchers found that low-carb diets resulted in significantly greater energy expenditure compared to high-carb diets. Participants on the low-carb diet burned an average of 209-278 kilocalories per day more than those on the high-carb diet, leading to improved weight loss maintenance.
Research finds that dark aerosols from Middle Eastern deserts can darken Tibetan Plateau snow, accelerating melting and intensifying the Asian summer monsoon. This mechanism explains a century-old hypothesis linking springtime snow cover to monsoon intensity.
Researchers found that recent hurricanes like Katrina, Irma, and Maria experienced increased rainfall of 5-10%, while projected future storms could have even more intense rainfall and stronger winds. A warmer climate may also alter storm structures, with the inner part robbing moisture from the outer edges.
Genetic analysis of African ancestry found a correlation with increased risk factors for heart failure, including thicker left ventricles and higher ECG voltages. This study suggests that African ancestry may be associated with an increased risk of heart failure in young adults.
Researchers estimate the Chukchi Sea subpopulation is relatively abundant, numbering around 3,000 polar bears, with good reproductive rates and cub survival. This contrasts with the declining southern Beaufort Sea subpopulation due to sea-ice loss.
A study published in Human Gene Therapy found that urocortin 3 gene therapy significantly improved left ventricular function and ejection fractions in mice with induced heart failure. The therapy resulted in a 1.9-fold increase in left ventricular function and a 32% relative increase in ejection fractions.
A new study by University of Colorado Boulder geoscientists sheds light on the hidden world beneath our feet, revealing how rainfall affects the depth of the critical zone. The researchers found that a shallow critical zone forms under dry conditions, while a thick one forms in wet conditions.
Research suggests Zika virus may use the same immune transfer route as dengue to infect Hofbauer cells in the placenta, leading to increased viral binding and entry. This finding has implications for understanding Zika's ability to cross the placental barrier.
The TGen One Health Collaborative uses a comprehensive approach to study human health in relation to the environment and animals. Examples of research areas include antimicrobial resistance, emerging infectious diseases like West Nile Virus and Valley Fever, and tracking disease outbreaks.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in treating Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), identifying the nerve cells responsible for involuntary leg movements. By targeting these nerve cells, new drug treatments may be effective in preventing RLS symptoms.
Despite improvements in air quality, the study found little impact on child lung health, with reduced lung function and asthma symptoms observed. Children still live in highly polluted areas, posing lifelong health risks, emphasizing the need for further action to tackle high levels of air pollution.
A study by Florida Atlantic University explores police officers' experiences with body-worn cameras, finding they increase transparency and accountability. However, it also reveals reduced morale and a focus on proactive policing strategies.
A comparative analysis of eight Pezizomycete fungi reveals that truffle-forming species have evolved independently due to symbiotic relationships with host plants. The study also highlights the importance of underground networks in shaping these ecosystems and impacting global carbon cycling.
Researchers have developed a comprehensive catalog of the Aedes aegypti genome, which could lead to novel strategies for reducing mosquito-borne illnesses. The new tool has revealed genes coding for ionotropic receptors that detect odors, and enzymes neutralizing toxic effects of insecticides.
Research with mice suggests exercise strengthens resolve against drug addiction by changing peptide levels in the brain. Re-exposure to drug-related cues affects exercise and sedentary mice differently.
A Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health campaign targeting youth aged 14-24 showed impressive results in changing public attitudes toward mental health. The 'WhyWeRise' campaign increased support for people with mental illness and empowered youth to mobilize around mental health activism.
A new study by RCSI found that older hospital patients are 72% more likely to receive inappropriate prescriptions, regardless of other factors. The research highlights the need for healthcare providers to consider the potential adverse effects of hospitalization on prescribing appropriate medication for older adults.
Scientists have developed a method to construct protein nanotubes from engineered protein crystals, which could accelerate the development of artificial enzymes, nano-sized carriers and delivery systems. The new method, reported in Chemical Science, uses protein crystals as a scaffold for proteins to self-assemble into desired structures.
ZW25, an antibody targeting the HER2 receptor, has shown encouraging anti-tumour activity in patients with advanced cancers driven by HER2. The median time patients survived without disease progression was 6.21 months, and 13 experienced tumour shrinkage.
A recent study by University College London found that smokers who regularly spend time with vapers are more likely to try quitting smoking. The study discovered no evidence that vaping discourages smokers from quitting, alleviating concerns about the public health impact of e-cigarettes.
Researchers found that coaches with optimal emotional control improve team performance, while those with poor emotional management struggle. Coaches who manage their emotions well are more balanced and self-confident, leading to better communication and focus.
A study led by CNIO has defined a blood-based biomarker that can determine the most effective treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. The biomarker, which analyzes the presence of a specific gene in circulating tumour DNA, shows promise for improved survival rates and personalized therapy.
Researchers at Nagoya Institute of Technology have gained new insights into the mechanisms behind semiconductor degradation in 4H-SiC material, a popular alternative to standard materials. They discovered that specific types of atomic deformation lead to faster carrier recombination and device degradation.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University are developing nitric oxide-laden bandages that adjust chemical release depending on cell conditions. The goal is to create a more nuanced way to recover wound function and reduce the healing time of diabetic foot ulcers.
Researchers found that people with mothers who had multiple partners tend to have more romantic partners themselves, possibly due to inherited relationship skills or traits. The study controlled for economic factors but found no significant impact on the mother-child link.
A CU Boulder study found a surprisingly strong correlation between warmer winters and higher violent crime rates in the US. The research used powerful climate analysis techniques to investigate year-to-year fluctuations in climate and crime rates, revealing a strong relationship between temperature and crime in winter months.
A UMass Amherst-led research team is using a 'community mobilization' approach to reduce Alaska Native youth suicide rates by promoting community conversations and increasing safety. The PC CARES program has shown promising results, with participants learning skills and taking actions for prevention.
A new transgenic rat model accumulates amyloid specifically in brain blood vessels, strongly mimicking human cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The rTg-DI rats exhibit progressive accumulation of brain blood vessel amyloid-associated inflammation, cognitive impairments, and microbleeds.
Stephen Christiansen, MD, received a Senior Achievement Award for his significant contributions to ophthalmology and pediatrics. Babak Eliassi-Rad, MD, was awarded an Achievement Award for his research and clinical work on glaucoma and cataract.
Researchers found that certain DNA structures, like G-quadruplexes, can slow down or speed up DNA synthesis, affecting error rates. Non-B DNA regions with specific motifs were associated with increased sequencing errors and human disease susceptibility.
Julie Pfeiffer's groundbreaking research has redefined how we think about life-threatening viral infections, discovering new ways bacteria affect virus infection. Her work shows antibiotics can have antiviral effects, driving research into new treatments for viruses.
The Microbiome Search Engine (MSE) enables fast comparison of microbiomes by searching for structurally or functionally similar microbes. MSE proposes innovative evaluation indices to measure microbiome novelty and impact, providing a bird's eye view of the microbiome data universe.
A new study from Iowa State University found that weightlifting for less than an hour a week can reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke by 40 to 70 percent. The research suggests that strength training alone is enough to lower this risk, independent of running, walking, or other aerobic activity.
Researchers found a way to explain the lack of antimatter in the universe using the Two Higgs Doublet Model. Computer simulations showed that the universe was extremely out of equilibrium when the Higgs boson turned on, making it possible to produce matter without annihilating with antimatter.
Researchers at Aalto University developed a new computational model to identify and classify atomic environments on customised carbon surfaces. This knowledge will enable the creation of tailored surfaces for biomedical applications, including real-time monitoring of patient blood levels.
Researchers at UTA have filed a patent application for a new copper compound that can efficiently separate ethylene from ethane, reducing energy consumption and capital investment. This technology has the potential to significantly reduce environmental impact and lower costs associated with producing plastics.
The University of Chichester is leading research to create sport-specific classification systems for blind football. The project aims to establish minimum impairment criteria and validated tests for future work, ensuring fairness and inclusivity in the sport.
Hal S. Alper's research focuses on creating new molecules for plastics, drugs, and other products using sustainable methods. His work has the potential to significantly reduce pollution in the chemical industry.
A new study found that pregnant women with opioid use disorder who experience food insecurity are more likely to have their infants treated for severe neonatal abstinence syndrome. The study suggests that screening for food insecurity could be a way to reduce NAS severity and improve infant and mother outcomes.
The partnership will deliver a next-generation supercomputer, Hawk, which will be the world's fastest for industrial production, powering applications in energy, climate, mobility, and health. The system will have a theoretical peak performance of 24 petaFLOPs.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a new technology that uses a moth-infecting virus and nanomagnets to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 payloads for gene editing. The therapy has the potential to treat genetic diseases such as sickle cell, muscular dystrophy, and cystic fibrosis.
The Latino-Teacher Academy Learning Community project aims to increase Hispanic teacher graduation rates and diversify the teacher pipeline. The five-year partnership will provide support services to teacher candidates and strengthen student outcomes.
The US Department of Energy has awarded a subcontract to GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy to support the conceptual design and cost/schedule estimate activities for a proposed fast spectrum Versatile Test Reactor. The reactor is crucial for developing innovative nuclear fuels, materials, instrumentation, and sensors.
Researchers have discovered that adult Antarctic krill are largely unaffected by ocean acidification levels predicted within the next 100-300 years. The long-term laboratory study found that krill can survive, grow and mature in acidic conditions.
Rice University engineers have developed flexible organic photovoltaics with improved mechanical properties, enabling them to withstand strains of up to 20%. The new material retains its efficiency and gains flexibility by incorporating a network of elastic additives.
A reanalysis of worldwide annual precipitation trends reveals overlooked risks to human and environmental systems, affecting nearly 40% of the global population and 44% of land areas. The study highlights significant regional variations in precipitation risk and variability, emphasizing the need for more accurate risk assessments.
Tropical Cyclone Gaja formed on November 10 and strengthened into a tropical storm with maximum sustained winds near 40 mph. The satellite imagery showed an elongated storm with disorganized rain bands and fragmented convection patterns, moving west-southwest towards southern India.
Researchers developed a precision-medicine platform that uses genomic data, biospecimen measurements, and other inputs to create personalized treatment plans for mild Alzheimer's disease and at-risk individuals. The study showed significant improvements in memory function scores for 80% of participants.
Researchers from McMaster University have discovered a novel genetic control of lipid maintenance that links to lifespan. The study found that the WNT signalling pathway plays a key role in regulating lipid production, which is essential for healthy living.
Researchers from China used Fengyun-3A satellite data to develop a more accurate model for predicting aerosol mass. The team's method improved the accuracy of climate predictions by combining satellite observations with ground-based data.
A new study published in the journal Nutrients found that diet fluctuations can lead to a rollercoaster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Repeated attempts at adopting a healthy eating pattern can have benefits, with significant improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol levels seen after just a few weeks.
Researchers at MIT and partners have created detailed 3D images of kerogen's internal structure, improving predictions of oil and gas recovery. The study reveals that mature kerogen has smaller pores connected by a network allowing for easier extraction.
Researchers found that hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute liver failure results from an uncommon encounter between a highly mutated HBV variant and an unusual immune response in the patient's liver. By analyzing liver samples, they discovered new mechanisms about the disease, providing insights into its development.
Researchers found that participants who believed they were multitasking transcribed more words per second and scored better on comprehension quizzes. The study suggests that our perception of multitasking can influence how well we engage with tasks.
A recent study in Massachusetts found that adolescent females have a higher rate of non-fatal opioid overdoses compared to males, while receiving insufficient medication for post-overdose treatment. The analysis of public data from 2012 to 2014 revealed that only 8% of adolescents were prescribed medications like methadone or buprenorp...
Cornelis Melief is recognized for his life's work in studying the interactions of the immune system with cancer, leading to the development of new therapeutic cancer vaccine strategies. His research has shown clinical effectiveness in treating patients with pre-malignant lesions caused by HPV type 16.
A new study published in GeoHealth suggests that warmer winter temperatures increase the likelihood of violent and property crimes. The relationship between climate and crime rates is thought to be linked to how climate alters people's daily activities.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed a new method that uses neural networks to analyze single cell RNA sequencing data, identifying key genes and cell subtypes. This approach enables the analysis of all cell types, providing a method for comparative analysis.
Microtubules form scaffolding for cell movement and division. Researchers at UC Davis discovered the mechanism behind their assembly, using an animation to illustrate TOG domains driving tubulin polymerization.
A newly discovered fossil from a 75-million-year-old bird reveals that enantiornithines were as advanced as modern birds in terms of flight. The fossil's unique features, including a deeper keeled breast bone and V-shaped wishbone, suggest a stronger and more agile wing structure.