Researchers have identified an essential role for the protein heme oxygenase-1 in host defense against tuberculosis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Studies using human lung tissue and mouse models showed that HO-1 production is critical in protecting against TB pathophysiology.
A new study reveals that dams and reservoirs can have unintended consequences, including exacerbating droughts and water shortages. The research team found that increasing storage capacity can lead to a vicious cycle of higher demand and decreased sustainability.
A study published in Immunity found that the gut bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum produces excessive lactic acid when its receptor protein PGRP-SD is disrupted, leading to oxidative stress and accelerated aging. Increasing PGRP-SD levels prevents this effect and extends lifespan.
The survival of the Asian Houbara depends on regulating trapping and hunting to stabilise populations. Captive breeding can help but must be complemented by sustainable hunting strategies.
Tropical Cyclone Bouchra formed on Nov. 10 and dissipated by Nov. 13, with maximum sustained winds of 34.5 mph. Wind shear weakened the storm's rotation, causing it to disintegrate.
A scoping review of 15 studies on hospital physician engagement found that young, experienced, and single physicians were more engaged. Personal attributes like resiliency, self-efficacy, and optimism, as well as work-related factors such as quality of work life and job resources, also linked to higher engagement.
A study found that angiotensin receptor blockers improve sodium excretion in healthy black individuals who tend to retain more salt under stress. This could lead to a better treatment strategy for those with high blood pressure, particularly blacks who are often disproportionately affected.
Terrence F. Alger II, a leading researcher at Southwest Research Institute, has been awarded the 2019 Edith and Peter O'Donnell Award in Technology Innovation for his groundbreaking work on vehicle engines. His Dedicated Exhaust Gas Recirculation technology improves fuel economy by up to 15% while reducing engine-out emissions.
David A. Sinclair and Laura Niedernhofer received the Irving S. Wright Award of Distinction and Vincent Cristofalo Rising Star Award in Aging Research, respectively, for their groundbreaking work on age-related processes and DNA damage. The awards recognize their contributions to advancing the field of aging research.
A Rutgers-led study found that women invest more in daughters and men in sons, regardless of their socioeconomic status. This bias may have implications for rising income inequality and social mobility.
A new device has been developed to perform high-throughput 3D chemotactic assays, revealing diversity and complexity in the chemotactic regulation of neuronal development by various guidance molecules. The platform uses a hydrogel-based microfluidic system to test hundreds of suspended microscale hydrogel cylinders with distinct gradie...
Researchers at The Wistar Institute found that the S100A14 protein is expressed at higher levels in these individuals than control donors, activating natural killer cells to defend against HIV. This discovery may lead to novel approaches for prevention of HIV infection by manipulating host immune defense.
A recent study found that consuming whole cranberry powder reduced the negative effects of low-fiber, animal-based diets on the gut microbiota. The study showed that cranberry compounds helped maintain beneficial short-chain fatty acids and reduced potentially carcinogenic secondary bile acids.
A new study found that nearly half of black teenagers surveyed reported losing a friend or family member to murder, associated with higher suicide attempts. The research highlights the ripple effects of traumatic loss on young people and communities.
A new study published in Diabetologia found that children born large for gestational age (LGA) and born to mothers with gestational diabetes are almost three times as likely to be obese as children born a normal size to diabetes-free mothers. Breastfeeding was associated with a reduced risk of obesity in most children.
Scientists at TU Graz analyzed nano-precipitates to understand aluminium alloy properties, discovering anomalies and self-organisation phenomena. Quantum mechanics and Monte Carlo methods revealed the formation of atomically narrow channels for scandium and zircon diffusion.
A new system, CAMR-R, can measure antimicrobial resistant phenotypes at single-cell resolution from clinical samples in three hours without cell propagation. The instrument uses D2O-feeding Raman Microspectroscopy to quantify AMR levels and has potential applications in diagnosing clinical pathogens.
Researchers found four groups of patients with unique characteristics, including disordered eating behaviors and varying levels of glucose in their blood. The study suggests personalized approaches to treating obesity may be more effective, as one-size-fits-all treatments may not work for all individuals.
The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) has released new guidelines for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), emphasizing the importance of review by an infectious diseases specialist before starting treatment. Regular monitoring and blood tests are also recommended to ensure patient safety.
The global disease burden of meningitis remains unacceptably high, with only a 21% reduction in deaths between 1990 and 2016. The number of cases increased during this period due to population growth.
Researchers used epigenetic reprogramming to modify soybean plants' response to stress, resulting in more vigorous and productive plants. The 'memory' effect allows the plants to adapt to environmental stresses over multiple generations.
A Dartmouth study finds that social relationships and pressure to conform to group opinions play a significant role in shaping political beliefs, often ignoring essential information. The research provides insight into the formation of extreme partisan groups and their evolution into echo chambers.
A recent study published in Pediatric Research found that children who received wishes were 2.5 times more likely to have fewer unplanned hospital admissions and 1.9 times less likely to use the emergency department. This led to a decline in healthcare costs, even after accounting for the average cost of the wish.
Local protection efforts have led to a significant recovery of Giant South American Turtle populations, with over nine times more turtles hatching on protected beaches compared to the 1970s. Other species, such as birds and fish, are also thriving in these areas.
Scientists have developed cobalt and cobalt-iron nanosprings for targeted drug delivery agents in anticancer therapy. These nanosprings, with unique combined magnetic properties, can be controlled using external magnetic fields, enabling efficient movement and targeting of cancer cells.
A team of researchers developed new strategies to exploit CRISPR technology to target the mutant form of protein NPM1, which is associated with acute myeloid leukemia. By blocking the export of mutant NPM1 from the nucleus, they were able to inhibit leukemic cell growth and induce differentiation or death in cancerous cells.
Researchers developed a novel thermoplastic anchoring polymer layer structure to suppress movement of conductive particles, achieving 90% capture rate. The new anisotropic conductive film shows excellent electrical conductivity, high reliability, and low cost.
Adolescents with obesity experience decreased pleasure from eating, while those with healthy food relationships show increased enjoyment, highlighting the importance of making food a positive experience. Healthy eating habits may serve as a protective factor against eating and weight-related disorders.
The newly described fossil, Mirarce eatoni, is the most complete enantiornithine bird skeleton found in North America, providing insights into the evolution of flight. Its unique features, including quill knobs and a deeper keel on its sternum, indicate that it was a strong flier.
A research group at RIT is measuring hospitality industry contributions to disaster recovery efforts, valuing non-financial resources such as staff training and community support. The study aims to provide a holistic understanding of the hotel industry's role in supporting local communities during crises.
A new study found that teenage girls who engage in serious forms of self-harm show brain features similar to those seen in adults with borderline personality disorder. The research highlights the need for prevention and early intervention in those at high risk of suicide.
Scientists will develop a catalogue of simplified synthetic teixobactin molecules to combat superbugs like MSRA and VRE. The project aims to create new antibiotics for human use, addressing the high failure rate in drug development.
Physicists have characterised higher energy levels reached by electrons in resonance with positronium ions, a complex three-particle system. The new model provides guidance for experimentalists to observe these resonant structures, potentially leading to breakthroughs in atomic and nuclear physics.
A new brain imaging study found that when subjects expect more heat, brain regions involved in threat and fear are more activated, leading to increased pain perception. The study also showed that positive expectations can have the opposite effects, suggesting a potential link between negative expectations and chronic pain.
A team of researchers, led by UH professor Kirill Larin, is investigating the relationship between mechanical factors and genetic pathways in embryonic heart development. Understanding this connection can help prevent congenital heart defects, which claim one out of every 100 baby lives in the US.
Scientists have recorded the first cave-dwelling centipede from southern China, a species that had been hiding away from biologists. The new cavedweller, Australobius tracheoperspicuus, is tiny and has pale yellow-brownish color with no eyes.
University of Surrey academic Dr Mike Franjieh has been recognized for preserving two endangered languages on the South Pacific island of Ambrym in Vanuatu. His research has created usable spelling systems and recorded cultural practices, benefiting community members and future generations.
The ArtsEqual project in Finland examines how arts can meet social challenges, promoting equality and inclusivity. Research-based policy briefs have informed decision-making, leading to concrete results in local curriculum planning and regional action plans.
A study by Florida Atlantic University found that exposure to crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill significantly impaired olfactory function in Atlantic stingrays. The research suggests that this could have detrimental effects on fitness and survival, as well as lead to premature death.
A study suggests that up to 40-50% of Arctic sea ice loss over the last three decades is due to unknown internal drivers, such as tropical effects. This discrepancy challenges the consensus among climate scientists who attribute it to flawed modeling.
Researchers at NUS developed a low-cost 'battery-less' wake-up timer that significantly reduces power consumption of silicon chips for IoT sensor nodes. The innovation enables long-lasting IoT applications and paves the way for aggressive miniaturization of IoT devices.
Researchers used outdoor labs to test plant responses to future climate change, finding that some crops may grow more under rising CO2 levels. However, drought and heat can limit growth, leading to a trade-off between positive and negative impacts.
A survey found that 16% of adults in England used complementary and alternative medicine, with unequal access to these treatments. CAM use was more common among women and those in higher socioeconomic groups, particularly in the south of England.
A new study from the University of York found that humans are more accurate at recalling names than recognizing faces, a finding that challenges our everyday experiences. Participants scored higher in remembering names (up to 83%) compared to faces (as little as 64%), especially in unfamiliar situations.
A new study by Yale University estimates that ageism costs the US healthcare system $63 billion annually, affecting conditions like cardiovascular disease and mental disorders. The study found that 17.04 million cases of these conditions were linked to ageism among those aged 60 and older.
New research suggests that rising global sea levels and high-energy wave events could actually build, rather than destroy, coral reef islands like the Maldives. This is possible if the coral reef remains healthy to provide building material, but threatens island infrastructure with devastating consequences.
A lack of production standards in the graphene market has led to inferior products being sold as high-grade. NUS researchers developed a reliable method for testing graphene quality, finding that most samples contained less than 10% real graphene flakes.
Researchers found a clear connection between gene expression and behavior in little male fish building patterns to attract mates. The study also suggests that the genes behind this behavior have human cousins implicated in autism spectrum disorder.
The new robotic system uses a thin probe inserted into the brain through a small hole drilled in the skull to deliver high-intensity ultrasound energy lethal to tumors while minimizing damage to surrounding brain tissue. Real-time MRI-based thermal imaging provides feedback on dose delivery, ensuring precise control and safety.
A new study will assess the effectiveness of AI-assisted ultrasound technology in enabling non-specialist medical professionals to capture high-quality echocardiograms. The 'SHAPE' study aims to determine if AI-guided acquisition and interpretation can detect more patients with cardiac disease in primary care settings.
A new Penn Medicine study found that intensive behavioral therapy (IBT) is effective in achieving clinically significant weight loss in adults with obesity, with participants losing an average of 6.1% of their initial body weight at one year. The study also showed improvements in blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors.
Physicist Zhifeng Ren, director of the Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, has received a research award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation to collaborate with German researchers. He will focus on new fabrication techniques and thermoelectric materials to improve clean energy conversion.
A study by OHSU researchers found that patients with diabetes or prediabetes in states with Medicaid expansion programs had better access to healthcare services, including preventive screenings and medication. This increase was particularly notable for patients with lower socioeconomic status.
A study published in Immunity found that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation increased bone formation in female mice by stimulating the growth of butyrate-producing gut bacteria. This activation led to the expansion of regulatory T cells, which secrete a protein called Wnt10b, critical for bone development.
A new approach to graduate education centered around collaboration between academia and industry is being developed at Lehigh University. The 'use-inspired' model provides students with long-term, hands-on industry experience and aims to prepare them for non-academic positions.
Researchers at UNIGE and UNIBE developed an emotional intelligence test to measure skills in work environments. The test, called the Geneva Emotional Competence Test (GECO), evaluates understanding emotions, recognizing emotions, regulating one's own emotions, and managing other people's emotions.
A large-scale genomic analysis has found that being overweight causes depression, even in the absence of other health problems. The study, published in International Journal of Epidemiology, suggests that the psychological impact of being overweight is a key driver of depression, rather than associated illnesses.
A new study by University of Waterloo researchers finds that high carbon emissions can lead to stock price depreciation and asset devaluation. Companies in emission-intensive sectors may experience fundamental devaluations in their stocks within 10 years, due to stricter environmental regulations and climate change risks.
A recent study by Michigan State University found that floods significantly transport large amounts of organic carbon through ecosystems, contrary to the traditional view of the carbon cycle as vertical. The research analyzed over 1,000 watersheds across the US and found that wetlands play a crucial role in storing and releasing carbon.
Elephantnose fish recognize their prey by electric colors, using two types of receptors to determine intensity and shape. They can distinguish between living and dead objects and even recognize specific food sources like mosquito larvae with considerable accuracy.