Researchers at the University of Alabama have developed a new plasma device that can clean water of difficult-to-remove bacteria and toxins. The device uses pulses of voltage to produce hydroxyl radicals, which cause a cascade of reactions leading to purer water samples.
A team of Penn Engineers has developed a new material called nanocardboard, an ultrathin equivalent of corrugated paper cardboard. It is made of aluminum oxide film with a thickness of tens of nanometers and can spring back into shape after being bent in half.
A new analysis of an aggregated set of family trees suggests that the heritability of life span is well below past estimates, likely no more than seven percent. This finding could be due to assortative mating, where people select partners with similar traits, including longevity.
Researchers developed a novel computational tool called ADmiRE to annotate human microRNA variants and determine their potential contribution to diseases. The tool successfully identified microRNA mutations in miR-142 and miR-21 linked to hematologic cancers and esophageal cancer, respectively.
A team of scientists designed a bioreactor device that induces partial hindlimb regeneration in adult frogs by stimulating tissue repair at the amputation site. The device triggers complex downstream outcomes, resulting in bigger, more structured appendages.
Researchers develop nano-immunotherapy that prevents immune cells from activating and attacking transplanted organs, allowing for long-term acceptance. This approach could transform patient care and help overcome barriers to successful transplant outcomes.
Researchers at Kyoto University successfully created intense terahertz pulses to fine-tune the switching behavior of a phase-change memory material. This breakthrough could lead to faster and more stable memory technologies with increased density.
The University of Arizona has received a $1.075 million NSF grant to support underrepresented minority students in engineering graduate programs. The Bridge to the Doctorate program combines financial assistance with opportunities for professional development, aiming to bridge the gap between minorities and STEM doctorates.
Researchers found that adolescent marijuana use reduces perineuronal net formation around inhibitory cells, affecting decision-making and self-control. This alteration may have long-term consequences for brain function and behavior.
A synthetic compound based on a brain hormone has shown surprising benefits in treating lung and other cancers in mice, but its effect on human cells was the opposite. The compound, MR409, is one of several GHRH analogs that spur healthy tissue growth and may alleviate concerns about stimulating cancer cell growth.
The American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and Heart Rhythm Society have published a guideline for evaluating and treating patients with bradycardia. The guidelines recommend diagnostic testing tools, lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, and pacing devices to manage the condition.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin have discovered the specific non-coding section of the 'speed gene' that limits myostatin protein production, affecting skeletal muscle development and race distance aptitude. The findings provide valuable insights for thoroughbred breeders and trainers, a multi-billion dollar industry.
A new study published in Radiology uses deep learning to predict Alzheimer's disease from brain imaging, achieving 100% sensitivity in detecting the disease an average of more than six years prior to final diagnosis. The algorithm has the potential to complement existing tests and provide opportunities for early intervention.
A recent study from the University of Colorado Boulder found that academic ideas tend to spread faster from highly-ranked universities, even when the quality of the idea is mediocre. This suggests a power imbalance in academia, where elite institutions have an advantage in spreading their research to others.
Invasive Asian jumping earthworms alter US soil composition by creating nutrient-rich aggregates that lock up essential nutrients. Research by Jenelle Wempner reveals the physical effects of worm droppings on soils, with implications for controlling worm populations and understanding land use implications.
Research by the University of Kent found that women who have a boy are at a higher risk, with complications during delivery increasing the likelihood by 174%. The study identifies male infants and birth complications as new postpartum risk factors.
Using computer modeling, a team discovered that plasmas activate metal catalysts in packed bed reactors, causing faster and more efficient chemical reactions. This process could lead to more efficient processes for removing air pollution, converting CO2 into fuels, and producing fertilizer.
Researchers found that AI models performed significantly worse on X-rays from outside their own network compared to those from within. The study highlights the importance of carefully testing AI performance in real-world clinical settings.
The Italian team aims to extract ice cores from glaciers threatened by global warming, providing centuries of historical climate data. The project involves an international governance to conserve and utilize the samples for future scientific analyses.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Cancer found a positive association between type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in men, with a moderately higher risk observed. In contrast, the association was weaker and not statistically significant for women. The study followed up over 87,000 women and ...
Researchers found spotted seatrout continued spawning in late August 2017 during Hurricane Harvey, with the storm only briefly disrupting their pattern. This finding suggests these fish are well-suited to handle changing conditions and may be key indicators of climate resilience.
A new study finds that long noncoding RNA lincRNA-Cox2 regulates the activity of genes involved in inflammation and immune system responses. It boosts production of the Cox2 enzyme and influences expression of other genes, shedding light on previously dismissed 'junk DNA' functions.
Researchers identified a novel anti-inflammatory bacterial protein, Aeromonas immune modulator (AimA), that reduces gut inflammation and delays death by septic shock in zebrafish. The study suggests that AimA acts as a mutualism factor, promoting both bacterial colonization and host survival.
A new study finds significant variation in opioid prescription rates and child removal rates among states, with some states experiencing a positive association between the two.
Researchers at RiKarbon create a bio-based oil from plant scraps and natural oils to replace petroleum-based products in cosmetics, lubricants, and renewable energy. This eco-friendly oil reduces carbon footprint and minimizes pressure on petroleum resources, offering a sustainable solution for industries.
Rat models reveal factors contributing to relapse, withdrawal, and addiction vulnerability, highlighting the need for new preventions and treatments. Sensation-seeking behavior is linked to severe opioid withdrawal and addiction risk.
New research presents significant breakthroughs in brain-computer interfaces, enabling improved prosthetics and therapies for people with conditions such as paralysis, stroke, and blindness. Advanced technologies are being developed to restore task-related sensations to amputees and improve vision for the blind.
Researchers used French Sign Language and American Sign Language to analyze the logical structure of spoken language. Sign languages reveal a hidden logical structure that must be inferred indirectly in spoken language, like the sentence 'Sarkozy told Obama that he would be elected'. This study highlights both strengths and limitations...
A study using algae deaths reveals the amount of uplift during the 2016 magnitude 7.6 Chiloé earthquake was approximately 25.8 centimeters, confirming a 3-meter maximum fault slip. This finding helps assess seismic hazards in the Chilean Subduction Zone and informs efforts to predict future major earthquakes.
A study found that warmer ocean temperatures reduce maternal care and immune response in fur seal pups, leading to increased hookworm infections and deaths. In colder years, pups receive more care and have a stronger immune system.
Researchers at Brown University have developed an electroencephalography-based test to measure pain levels, providing a more objective approach than the traditional visual analogue scale. The test uses brain activity oscillations to determine pain levels and has shown promise in evaluating medication efficacy in animal models.
A new study reveals that tropical mountain species are highly adapted but also more susceptible to climate change due to their narrow niches and limited movement. This paradox creates a risk for these species as they cannot withstand large temperature shifts.
Researchers discovered that toddlers with autism spectrum disorder display enhanced anger and frustration but decreased fear in response to naturalistic situations. The capacity to experience joy appears intact in the early stages of the disorder, which may help harness emotional competence for therapeutic purposes.
A study by Washington State University researchers suggests that inhibiting CDK2 activity can alleviate chemotherapy-induced heart damage in rodents. The finding could be used to develop treatment strategies and drugs to reduce heart disease risk in cancer survivors, particularly those treated with doxorubicin.
Research finds distinct temporal and geographical patterns in knife crime among young people, with children most at risk of stab injuries on the way home from school. The study reveals that stabbings peak between 1600-1800 hours, accounting for over one-fifth of all injuries, and nearly half of injuries occur within 1-5 km of home.
A new model simulates and understands flow transitions in hypersonic vehicles, revealing points of transition from smooth to turbulent flows. This research has the potential to inform safer vehicle design and improve overall performance.
Two Virginia Tech professors, Amy Pruden and Marc Edwards, are leading studies on antibiotic resistance in recycled water and plumbing. Their research aims to identify effective disinfectants and designs for preventing the spread of resistant bacteria in water systems, a growing concern that affects public health.
The prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting among girls up to 14 years old has decreased in most African regions over the past three decades. However, the practice remains pervasive in Western Asia-Iraq and Yemen.
A research team led by M. Kit Delgado will investigate strategies to reduce cell phone use while driving, including smartphone-based 'nudges' and usage-based insurance programs. The goal is to develop insights on how safe driving discounts could be redesigned to reward safer drivers with lower insurance premiums.
A new study by Duke University Medical Center reveals that people under 40 with high blood pressure are at increased risk of heart failure, strokes, and blood vessel blockages as they age. The study used the 2017 guidelines to assess risks for younger individuals.
A new prosthetic hand system has been developed by Arizona State University researchers, allowing users to feel sensations in their phantom limbs. The Neural-Enabled Prosthetic Hand (NEPH) system has restored sensation and confidence in daily tasks for the first time, with potential applications to lower limb amputations.
A study published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics reveals clear seasonality of CO2 over Asia, varying with latitude, longitude, and altitude. The data shows a distinct depletion of CO2 concentration over South Asia to Southeast Asia in August to September, linked to the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone.
The CanSUR summer program at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine will support 32 undergraduates annually in cancer-focused research. The five-year NIH grant will provide a solid foundation in cancer science and laboratory experience.
The University of Cincinnati is studying landslides to improve public safety and understanding of these natural disasters. The research aims to add specific details on landslides to Nevada's map of known hazards, including areas prone to wildfires, flash-flood zones, and earthquake fault lines.
A study calls for a shift in focus from coral reefs to seagrass meadows as they face increasing threats from climate change and human activities. Seagrass conservation is crucial for global fisheries production, carbon cycle, and coastal ecosystem health.
Researchers at MIT have developed an innovative acoustic imaging system that enables the instant visualization of massive cod shoals, shedding light on the health of this depleted species. The team's findings suggest that average cod shoal sizes serve as a critical indicator for tracking population recovery.
A study by MIT researchers found that about one-third of Requests for Comments on Wikipedia go unresolved, citing factors such as poor initial arguments and excessive discussion. The researchers developed a machine-learning model to predict when RfCs may go stale, and recommended digital tools to improve deliberation and resolution.
New population studies support that low calorie sweeteners can meet public health recommendations on sugar intake reduction and are linked to a higher-quality diet. Human clinical trials consistently show that low calorie sweeteners aid in weight loss and glucose control when used as a replacement for sugar.
Olsen's research aims to understand the role of lipid production in longevity and long-term health, with implications for age-related diseases like Alzheimer's. She hopes to develop new medications or lipid replacement treatments to alleviate disease and promote healthy aging.
Researchers found high levels of psychological distress and feelings of guilt in parents whose child had a burn injury. Adopting self-compassion appeared to help cope with the trauma. The study emphasizes the importance of screening for psychological distress in all families, regardless of burn size or severity.
Researchers identified a novel missense mutation in tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS) causing severe recessive disorder. The study found that affected individuals exhibited poor growth, developmental delay, and various organ dysfunctions, including liver disease, pancreatic insufficiency, and hearing loss.
Researchers discovered that melanomas produce BRAF proteins that become active complexes with MEK, making them resistant to RAF-inhibiting drugs. Blocking this complex can restore the potency of the therapy.
Researchers at Georgia Tech developed an open source decision support tool using machine learning to analyze RNA expression tied to patient outcomes with specific drugs. The system predicted the chemotherapy drug that had provided the best outcome 80 percent of the time, and its accuracy could improve with additional patient records.
Researchers at the University of Vienna and McGill University have created a new approach to synthesizing RNA, making it up to a million times more efficient than previous methods. The breakthrough uses photolithographic fabrication technology and a new protecting group to produce RNA chips with high yields.
Researchers found that moth fur provides acoustic stealth by reducing echoes of body parts from bat calls. The thorax fur acts as a lightweight porous sound absorber, offering a significant survival advantage against bats.
Two new studies link high blood pressure to premature cardiovascular disease in adults younger than 40, emphasizing the need for better understanding of its causes and prevention strategies. Experts suggest that lifestyle measures such as regular physical exercise and weight management can help maintain optimal blood pressure levels.
Researchers identified the function of a protein controlling allergic diseases, which can lead to medication development for autoimmune disorders and certain cancers. Increasing this protein blocks CD4+ T lymphocytes responsible for producing cytokines triggering allergic reactions.
A study of 28 middle school and high school students found that they take on significant responsibilities in managing medications, often without formal education. The investigation also highlights the importance of recognizing and supporting youth caregivers to promote their well-being and contribute to patient care.
A new study conducted by Finnish and American researchers found that mothers are more likely to invest in their daughters than men in their sons. The Trivers-Willard hypothesis predicts that parents in good conditions will bias investment towards sons, but the study failed to support this theory.
Researchers trained neural nets to detect pneumonia in chest X-rays and found reduced accuracy when tested on external data. A random forest model can predict future diagnosis of high myopia among Chinese school-aged children up to 8 years in advance with clinically acceptable performance.
A study of over 8,000 older women found that frequent back pain was associated with a 24% increased risk of death. Disability measured after back pain helped explain this association, suggesting that better management of back pain could prevent disability and improve life expectancy.
Researchers have found an extremely hot magnetosphere around a white dwarf, a remnant of a star like our Sun. This discovery sheds light on the origin of highly ionised metals in some white dwarfs, which were previously a puzzle. The study reveals that the magnetic field traps material flowing from the surface, heating it up dramatically.
Most cystic fibrosis patients do not achieve high enough antibiotic concentrations in their blood to effectively fight bacteria responsible for pulmonary exacerbations. Real-time monitoring of serum antibiotic concentrations could help improve clinical outcomes and reduce worsening pulmonary function.
Researchers developed a predictive model to guide clinicians in deciding when to give potentially life-saving drugs to ER patients suffering from sepsis. The model analyzes health data and predicts whether patients will need vasopressors within the next few hours, with an accuracy rate of over 80 percent.
The study estimates that antibiotic-resistant bacteria cause a substantial burden of disease in the EU/EEA, with 75% attributed to healthcare-associated infections. The annual number of deaths due to these infections is comparable to that of influenza, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS combined.
A new index, Human Life Indicator (HLI), measures human wellbeing by considering years of life, similar to life expectancy at birth. The HLI can distinguish between populations with varying lifespans and may provide a more accurate assessment of human development than the Human Development Index.
New analysis improves knowledge of physical, biological systems by studying time that components take to influence each other. Researchers developed formulas to understand how this affects synchronization in oscillator systems, which are common in nature and technology.
Researchers at The University of Hong Kong developed first-in-class YEATS inhibitors that target a novel therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia treatment. The inhibitors successfully suppressed cancer-promoting gene expression and demonstrated enhanced effects when combined with existing anti-leukemia drugs.
A recent study by Prof. Natalya Ketenci found that CO2 emissions in Russia increase along with economic growth, but only up to a certain threshold, after which they decrease. The study supports the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, suggesting that cleaner technologies can sustain economic development.
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum München have discovered new details about the UHRF1 protein, which regulates gene activity and is produced at elevated levels in cancer cells. The research reveals an unexpected function of the UBL domain in DNA methylation and defines a new role for this domain in regulating gene expression.
Researchers analyzed rake marks on over 3000 humpback whale tails and found that attacks by orcas are on the rise. The study suggests that young whales are primary targets, with scarred females showing a higher reproductive success rate.
A new method for measuring crystal response to electric fields was developed by an international scientific team from Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University. The technique helps improve existing and create new functional materials.
A new study found that explicit anti-piracy warnings with graphics are the most effective way to stop music piracy. Researchers tested 220 college undergraduates' reactions to various symbols, action words, and warning phrases, finding that those conveying risk and pairing repercussions were the most effective.
Researchers at IBS discover sequence-dependent information influences liquid-liquid phase separation. Single-stranded DNA forms droplets easily, while double-stranded DNA requires specific conditions due to its rigid structure.
Researchers found that gut bacteria partially recovered six months after antibiotic treatment, but with a loss of sensitive bacterial species. Resistance genes also increased in the remaining bacteria. Over time, good microbes like bifidobacteria took over, normalizing the microbiome.
A study published in Communications Biology found that changing an enzyme's surface density can alter its ability to bind different substrates. By swapping single components on the surface, researchers were able to convert one enzyme into another, with implications for biotechnology applications.
Scientists study bat and dolphin sonar systems to improve man-made active sensing technologies. Bat species use frequency-modulating calls to overcome acoustic interference, whereas dolphins rely on short clicks with minimal overlap.
Researchers developed a novel SPECT tracer to image c-Met expression in NSCLC, producing clearer images in less time and reducing radiation exposure. The tracer showed high specificity and rapid clearance from the body, making it potentially suitable for clinical use.
Scientists plan to fly a coronagraph aboard a high-altitude balloon to measure density, temperature, and speed of electrons in the corona. This will help understand how solar wind forms and accelerates, impacting space-weather forecasts and potentially disrupting power grids.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland found that poor aerobic fitness in children is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The study's findings suggest that traditional measures of aerobic fitness may overestimate its role in identifying children at increased risk.
The University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust will create a digital pathology clinical network and research programme with a £10.1m UK Research and Innovation investment. The project aims to develop artificial intelligence tools for pathology diagnosis, generating over 760,000 images per year.
A new machine-learning model developed by Google and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health can identify potentially unsafe restaurants more accurately than existing methods, helping to detect lapses in food safety in near real time. The model's overall precision rate was 52.3%, compared to 22.7% for routine inspections.
A recent survey by ZSL's SPOTT found that only 49 of the world's top palm oil producers and traders have committed to zero-deforestation pledges, but many lack effectiveness in addressing deforestation. Companies must provide detailed information on monitored areas and methods used to track forest cover.
Sarcopenic obesity is a condition characterized by both muscle loss and increased body fat mass. Researchers emphasize the need for more studies to understand its health consequences and develop effective treatments. Experts suggest considering sarcopenic obesity as a scientific priority, citing organizations such as ESPEN and EASO.
Researchers will develop and test a multi-interface in-vehicle environment to explore how technology can enable safe commutes that combine work with driving. The project aims to increase productivity, well-being, and profitability for workers and firms.
The Dr. Bob Woods Distinguished Chair promotes research, innovation, and best practices in automotive engineering and design. UTA's Formula SAE team has won six championships under Woods' leadership for over 30 years.
Researchers found that preschool children (2-5 years old) can recognize sounds heard during naps, even when they're asleep. The study uses EEG and tested individual children in a quiet room, playing nonsense words to assess their auditory processing.
Scientists uncover evidence for multiple, older earthquake events in the geologic record, challenging the idea of a sustained tempo of faulting. The study reveals four distinct packages of sediment corresponding to previously identified earthquakes, with no evidence of additional seismic activity in the past 4,300 years.
Tropical Storm Xavier weakened to a remnant low pressure area on Nov 6, 2018, with strong southwesterly vertical wind shear observed. The GPM core satellite analyzed the storm's precipitation structure, revealing powerful convective storms reaching altitudes of up to 11.1 km.
Subtle visual cues, such as crowd size and connectivity icons, can encourage users to disclose more information on online forums. The study tested these cues on a sexual health forum and found that participants were more willing to share private information when they felt connected to others in the network.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo have developed a new AI system called Pattern to Knowledge (P2K) that can predict biosequence interactions in seconds. P2K uses deep knowledge from data to identify and predict amino acid bindings, potentially reducing bottlenecks in drug discovery.
Aryn Gittis, a Carnegie Mellon University neuroscientist, has been recognized for her creativity and originality in research. She discovered a class of neurons that restored movement in a mouse model for Parkinson's disease when targeted with optogenetics.
A new 'lab on a chip' technology allows for individualized cancer treatments that target specific tumor cells with high specificity. This breakthrough reduces the cost and time required to develop effective treatments, potentially revolutionizing T cell therapy for cancer.
Researchers found that flow units, similar to structural defects like dislocations, play a crucial role in metallic glass's mechanical and thermal properties. This discovery paves the way for designing optimized materials through tailoring of these units.
The Orcasound project has developed a web application that enables citizen scientists to listen to livestreaming audio from hydrophones, complementing computer algorithms in analyzing data. The app aims to bring synergy between human listeners and sophisticated algorithms, saving audio data to online cloud storage for later analysis.
Tropical Cyclone 03S has formed in the Southern Indian Ocean with maximum sustained winds near 35 knots. The storm is moving west-southwestward and is expected to strengthen over the next several days, according to NASA satellite imagery.
Research detects 69 pharmaceutical compounds in stream insects, which can pass to predators in water and on land, exposing them to therapeutically-relevant doses. The study highlights the chronic drug pollution concentrated in aquatic insects and its potential ecological consequences.
Researchers found that widely used naloxone nasal spray and injection products retain high potency and stability beyond their labeled expiration dates. This study suggests extending shelf-life could aid in increasing medication availability, particularly during the ongoing opioid epidemic.
A team of scientists used CT imaging to identify a new Panamanian species of thorn snail, Carychium panamaense. The study revealed details about the snail's shell and its potential for conservation.
Researchers will identify biomarkers for DNA repair defects in tumors, enabling faster decision-making on treatment choices. A clinical trial will test carboplatin therapy's effectiveness in advanced prostate cancer.
Researchers at Tufts University have discovered that delivering progesterone via a wearable bioreactor can induce partial limb regeneration in adult frogs. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for amputation injuries, potentially benefiting millions of people worldwide.
Researchers at Medical University of South Carolina identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a compound that restores mitochondrial function and energy production in Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndromes (MTDPS) liver-like cells. NAD was found to increase ATP levels by activating a transcription cascade that results in inc...
Researchers have developed a new plasma generator capable of removing burdensome siloxane contaminants in landfill gas, converting up to 85% into removable solid deposits. This technology has the potential to improve the use of landfill gas as energy by reducing maintenance costs and environmental impact.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found inflammation in the brain region responsible for mood regulation after stress during pregnancy. The study used an animal model of postpartum depression to examine the possible connection between the immune system and the disorder.
Researchers have identified a new gene, LSS, responsible for hypotrichosis simplex, a rare form of hair loss. The gene's mutation impairs an enzyme crucial to cholesterol metabolism, leading to progressive hair loss from childhood on.
A new study in CHEST journal demonstrates that mandibular movement monitoring can assess the efficacy of oral appliances treating obstructive sleep apnea. Patients showed a reduction in respiratory effort, apnea-hypopnea index scores, and oxygen desaturation index.
A study by Angela Cooper and colleagues found that adults have difficulty distinguishing between children's voices, with only about 40% correct identification rate. The researchers used a space alien interactive game to elicit recordings from 2-year-olds and their mothers, which led to the development of new training methods for improv...
Researchers found that supermarket produce is a reservoir for transferable antibiotic resistance genes, which can evade traditional detection methods. The study highlights the importance of characterizing the resistome in produce and emphasizes the need for improved detection methods.
Researchers developed a new approach to identify flavor-giving protein fragments in fermented foods. The 'sensoproteomics' method efficiently and quickly identified the decisive fragments responsible for bitter flavors in cheese, reducing possibilities from 1,600 to 17. This innovation aims to optimize the taste of various products.
Research finds that prenatal exposure to THC can impair learning and memory in adolescents, while also improving symptoms in Alzheimer's disease patients. Long-term cannabinoid use alters brain metabolism and connectivity in adults, raising concerns for vulnerable populations.
Researchers have successfully detected brain tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using a cheap and widely available technique, opening up new possibilities for monitoring and treating brain tumors. The test has the potential to increase detection rates and provide more tailored treatment approaches for patients with brain tumors.
A new report by ESTRO highlights the need for improved access to radiotherapy in Europe, citing a quarter of patients who need treatment not receiving it. Experts recommend increased investment, better understanding, and integration into cancer care plans.
A twin study suggests that summer birth, hours spent playing computer games, and lower educational attainment are associated with a higher risk of developing myopia in childhood. Fertility treatment appears to afford protection against this condition, possibly due to smaller birth size and developmental delay.