The study used event-related potentials to assess grammatical gender processing in German, revealing that participants found it difficult to process sentences with mismatches. Grammatically masculine role-nouns seem to be interpreted as specific to men, yet are regularly used to refer to all genders.
New research from King's College London identifies changes in memory and attention as earliest signs of Alzheimer's in Down syndrome, paving the way for prevention trials. The study suggests that treatments could delay symptoms if started in the mid-30s with relatively low participant numbers.
Researchers analyzed severe influenza cases in Catalan hospitals to study vaccination effectiveness in reducing ICU admissions and deaths. Vaccination showed 23% effectiveness overall, with 44% for those over 65.
Research reveals genes that benefit one sex but harm the other can lead to poorer health in women after menopause. Genes that improve late-life male fitness accumulate even if they harm female fitness.
Craig H. Benson, UVA Engineering dean, has been elected AAAS Fellow for his pioneering work in geoenvironmental engineering and leadership in faculty development, advancing public understanding of science and fostering collaborations worldwide.
Researchers develop NMR analysis to pinpoint hazelnut country of origin, identifying distinct metabolite profiles for specific regions. The new method achieved 96% accuracy and could be combined with existing tests for enhanced reliability.
New insight into opto-mechanics of optical fibers can be applied to sensor systems with longer reach, higher spatial resolution, and better precision.
A new artificial joint, developed by Chalmers University of Technology, has restored important wrist-like movements to forearm amputees. The joint works with an osseointegrated implant system, allowing for much more naturalistic movements and intuitive control without sacrificing useful biological actuators.
Researchers from Technical University of Munich identified a previously unknown virus causing mass mortality in brown trout. The piscine reovirus is related to the virus infecting salmon in North Atlantic and Pacific, causing significant economic damage.
FIONA's first results confirm predictions for the mass numbers of moscovium and nihonium, two superheavy elements. The tool provides a reliable way to measure these numbers with experiments, addressing potential issues with nuclear mass models.
A recent study found that vaping encourages long-term relapse prevention and does not necessarily lead to a full relapse. Researchers interviewed 40 people who had quit smoking by switching to vaping and discovered that they perceived smoking lapses differently than in the past.
A post-city is characterized by dissociation, both social and cultural, leading to a lack of interaction between different demographics and a decline in traditional face-to-face communications. Urban residents are also post-nomads, mobile and dynamic, with multiple roles and activities.
Scientists have mapped the signal determining pancreatic progenitor cell fate, enabling the manufacturing of insulin-producing beta cells from stem cells. The research facilitates combating type 1 diabetes by understanding how extracellular matrix interactions influence cell destiny.
A large-scale study found that annual mammography screening starting at age 30 may benefit women with specific risk factors. Women with dense breasts, a personal history of breast cancer, or a family history of breast cancer had increased breast cancer risk and benefited from earlier screening.
A study published in Supportive Care in Cancer examines the experiences of providers offering concurrent cancer therapy and hospice care to veterans. The findings highlight the importance of preserving hope while transitioning into end-of-life care, as well as the need for dedicated liaisons between VA and hospice systems.
Researchers at FAU have developed a new method for measuring the length and diameter distribution of plasmonic gold nanorods in one single experiment. The method combines multi-wavelength absorption optics and analytical ultracentrifugation, allowing for accurate analysis of nanoparticles in dispersions.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology propose a new technology for direct utilization of CO2 in exhaust gases from heavy industries. The study demonstrates the ability of a rhenium-based catalyst to reduce low-concentration CO2 with high selectivity, offering a more viable and environmentally friendly solution.
A new study from Stanford University suggests that climate change is doubling the odds of regions experiencing both warm and dry conditions in a given year. This trend poses significant challenges for agriculture, as hot-dry conditions can lead to reduced crop yields and exacerbate fire risk.
Scientists have identified a previously unknown structural change within cells that triggers the activation of the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex involved in inflammation. This finding provides a new avenue for developing therapeutics to target the NLRP3 pathway for inflammatory diseases.
Research by Jaehee Jung explores the impact of changing gender roles, consumerism, and Western media on Chinese women's perceptions of beauty. The study found that young Chinese women prefer thin bodies and angular faces, leading to increased dissatisfaction with their body image.
Researchers discovered a new pathway to enhance kidney self-repair by reprogramming the body's metabolism. The 'lift and push' process involves shifting glucose from energy production to repair damaged cells, resulting in improved lifespan for injured animals.
Researchers documented two-part climatic connections between the North Atlantic Ocean and Antarctica, with rapid changes in climate caused by strengthening and weakening of an oceanic current that warms Greenland and Europe. The study reveals a fast atmospheric connection sending 'text messages' to Antarctica and a slower oceanic conne...
Researchers used place cells to determine a rat's location and predicted its next move. The findings provide insight into how rats think about space and solve spatial memory tasks.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered fundamental limits on the postselection technique used to test quantum mechanics. They found that as complex quantum systems are built, fewer and fewer entangled states can be reached using postselection alone.
A team of researchers at NYU Langone Health has successfully regrown hair strands on damaged skin by stimulating fibroblasts to secrete collagen through the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. The study offers new hope for treating hair loss and may lead to the development of more effective drugs.
A new report from 130 national academies warns of a catastrophic failure of global food systems, which contribute up to 25% to greenhouse gas emissions. The report calls for climate-smart agriculture, incentives for consumers to change their diets, and innovative foods to address the root causes of the failing system.
Researchers found that quick cognitive assessments can be wrong, with varying biases based on factors like education, age, ethnicity, and living conditions. This study highlights the need for more accurate and unbiased methods to detect dementia in primary care settings.
Scientists have identified the biochemical pathway that allows bioluminescent fungi to light up and created an artificially luminescent eukaryote by inserting the necessary genes into a non-glowing yeast. The discovery could lead to widespread applications, including glowing plants and animals.
Researchers developed AI technology to identify small leaks in water pipes by analyzing acoustic signatures recorded by hydrophone sensors. This allows cities to proactively address issues before they become major problems.
A new imaging method, HR-pQCT, predicts fracture risk by analyzing bone microstructure. This method provides additional information beyond traditional BMD assessments, identifying deficits in trabecular and cortical bone density and structure as independent risk factors.
The Blue Brain Cell Atlas provides detailed information on major cell types, numbers, and positions in all 737 brain regions, accelerating progress in brain science. The atlas is freely available online, allowing users to visualize brain regions and download data for new analyses and modeling.
A new study published in Obesity found that children and adolescents with common obesity gene variants can still lose weight through lifestyle interventions. The researchers examined 754 participants, aged 11.6 years, who underwent a series of behavioral lifestyle changes, including dietary changes, physical activity, and sleep habits....
Scientists have discovered that an emerging Parkinson's gene therapy called AAV2-GAD creates new brain circuits associated with improved motor movement. The therapy has shown therapeutic effects for patients by forming new neural pathways in the brain, connecting the subthalamic nucleus to other motor regions.
Researchers have identified a crucial protein, FtsZ, that triggers bacterial cell division when its concentration reaches a threshold. By studying the gut bacterium E. coli, scientists developed a mathematical model predicting when cell division will commence, providing new insights into this fundamental biological process.
The proportion of global population vulnerable to heat-related death and disease is growing due to climate change. Vulnerable populations, including the elderly and those with cardiovascular diseases, are exposed to increased temperatures, increasing their risk of heart disease and kidney disease.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) carries significant healthcare costs, with an average of $23,000 per person per year for children and $24,000 for adults. The condition also leads to substantial productivity losses and costs in corrections systems.
A study led by University of Vermont scientists reveals that wild bees are essential for larger and better blueberry yields, providing major benefits including greater berry size, quantity and earlier harvests. Maintaining natural bee habitat and reducing pesticide use can help protect wild bees.
Scientists have developed a new organic proxy, phytane, to analyze ancient CO2 levels in the oceans, revealing high levels of carbon dioxide 1000 ppm. This data shows changes that typically take millions of years are now happening in a century, providing valuable insights into future climate predictions.
The University of Arizona is providing training and certification for sexual assault nurse examiners in rural areas to expand services to victims. The three-year grant will cover the states of Arizona, California, Nevada, Hawaii, and U.S.-affiliated Pacific islands.
A new study examined ancient ecosystems to understand what drives stability, finding that functional groupings are more important than the sheer number of species present. The team also found that ancient ecosystems were more stable than simulated systems, suggesting a strong imprint on history of how ecosystems are built over time.
Researchers discovered that derivatives of amodiaquine can effectively block Ebola virus infection, with modified compounds showing improved potency and reduced toxicity. The findings offer a new therapeutic approach to treating patients infected with Ebola.
Researchers at the University of California San Diego have developed a simple 3D bioprinting technique using natural materials to create lifelike organ tissue models. The method allows for the creation of vascularized human gut and blood vessel networks capable of keeping cancer tumor tissues alive outside the body.
Researchers at NC State University have developed a virtual library of 1 million new macrolide scaffolds, which can help speed up the discovery of new antibiotics and cancer drugs. The library was created using computer simulation software that generates compounds with desirable properties.
Scientists have developed a new technique to extract biomolecules from blood samples, which could lead to early diagnosis, drug discovery and personalized medicines. The method uses liposomes to detect a wide variety of biomolecules, overcoming the challenge of amplifying cancer signals in the presence of noise.
Researchers at University of Manchester discovered that plants with diverse root microbiomes outperform those without, living fast and dying young. The study highlights the importance of balancing harmful and beneficial fungi in soil for healthy plant growth.
A proposed change to the Nagoya Protocol could require users of genetic data to pay fees to donor countries, potentially hindering innovation and public health. Proponents argue it will conserve biodiversity, while opponents claim it discourages research and development.
Researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing to study gene expression in individual cells and identify unique therapeutic targets for cancers that form in specific cell types. The study found that mutations in certain genes can make cells vulnerable to apoptosis, providing a potential way to prevent or treat cancer.
A survey of 800 adults undergoing bariatric surgery found that patients prioritize expected out-of-pocket costs and weight loss potential. This approach may differ from the procedure's related risks or recovery time. The study suggests healthcare providers should discuss cost with patients to ensure informed decision-making.
Researchers at Chiba University have successfully developed a special-purpose computer that can project high-quality three-dimensional (3D) holography as a video. The computer, called HORN-8, uses a calculation method called the 'phase type' to adjust the phase of light and increase computing speed.
A new study suggests climate change could significantly reduce the nutritional quality of oysters due to ocean acidification and warming. The research focuses on Pacific and native flat oysters, finding that increased temperatures and CO2 levels can decrease protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content.
Researchers identified a cell type responsible for initial steps of adhesion formation and developed an antibody-based therapy to treat and prevent adhesions. The treatment showed promise in mouse models and expressed similar genes as human tissue, suggesting potential translation into the clinic.
Research unravels mechanism of defective ribosomes causing cellular damage, including DNA mutations and increased cancer protein levels. The discovery provides a solution to Dameshek's Riddle and turns ribosome defects into an attractive target in the fight against cancer.
A new study found racial disparities in the use of oral anticoagulants among Black patients with atrial fibrillation. Compared to white and Hispanic patients, Black patients had lower odds of receiving oral anticoagulants, particularly newer versions.
A Northwestern University study found that youth living in high-crime neighborhoods experience worse cardiometabolic health due to neighborhood violence. However, those with higher brain connectivity in the frontoparietal central executive network display better resilience.
Researchers at MIT have devised a new way of providing cooling on a hot sunny day using inexpensive materials and no fossil fuel-generated power. The passive system allows emission of heat at mid-infrared range, radiating into outer space and punching through greenhouse gases.
Researchers at Max Delbrück Center develop strategy to selectively make cancer cells aggressive, making them vulnerable to anti-inflammatory substance. This approach aims to overcome chemotherapy resistance in certain types of cancer, such as non-small cell lung cancer.
A new 'Go Fish' tool confirms marine species presence in water samples within three days, complementing traditional monitoring systems. Experts at the first US National Conference on Marine Environmental DNA discuss the potential of emerging eDNA science to enhance ocean management and inform policy decisions.
Researchers found that aqueous extract of soursop leaves can reduce chronic pain, anxiety, and depression associated with fibromyalgia. The study used 60 female rats and plans to conduct clinical trials in humans.
A new checklist of North American fungi reveals 44,488 known species, with hundreds of thousands more awaiting discovery. The comprehensive list includes both large macrofungi and tiny microorganisms, highlighting their crucial roles in ecosystem balance and human well-being.
A national data resource, the Sentinel Initiative, has been instrumental in advancing medical product safety. Partnering with over 200 health system leaders, it uses a distributed network of electronic health data from 18 health plans and hospital systems, covering >100 million people.