Scientists have found that granule cells and interneurons in the brain process incoming signals differently due to their distinct structures and functional characteristics. This discovery sheds light on how malfunctions can arise in information processing, leading to memory impairments and neurological disorders.
A major NHS survey found critical deficiencies in medical record keeping, putting patients at risk due to incompatible systems. Over 11 million occasions, patients were unable to access full medical information from previous hospital visits.
Scientists have identified specific genes that confer nonhost resistance to wheat leaf rust in barley, a breakthrough that could transform the breeding of durable disease-resistant cereal crops. This discovery has the potential to improve global food security by providing a solution to one of the biggest problems in wheat production.
Researchers at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center have developed a new 'virtual biopsy' method that accurately diagnoses precancerous pancreatic cysts with unprecedented accuracy. This diagnostic tool allows doctors to eliminate precancerous cysts and potentially save lives by identifying them early.
Scientists discovered that greenhouse gas emissions from volcanic rocks can create massive global warming effects, with calculations suggesting the largest temporary global warming of the past 65 million years. Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) are linked to spikes in climate change and the carbon cycle.
Human screams share specific acoustic characteristics, including higher pitch and roughness, variability in frequency, and a wider range of sound waves. Listeners can readily distinguish screams from other human calls, highlighting the unique properties of this primal human call.
The new species Origolestes lii, a stem therian mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota, provides evidence for the separation of hearing and chewing modules. The discovery bridges the morphological gap between transitional and definitive mammalian middle ear evolution.
The University of Texas at Austin is launching a unique initiative to make itself a national hub for geothermal energy expertise and startups. The new Geothermal Entrepreneurship Organization will leverage existing expertise in geosystems and drilling engineering to develop technologies and launch companies.
Researchers have characterized three genes associated with insecticide resistance in malaria mosquitoes, found to cause resistance to all four classes of public health insecticides. This breakthrough work provides much-needed tools for monitoring the growing problem through molecular testing.
A new study found wide variations in surgery rates for early-stage lung cancer across US counties, with socioeconomic and healthcare delivery factors contributing to the gap. Counties with higher poverty rates, non-Hispanic black populations, and lower surgeon-to-population ratios had lower surgery rates.
A study found that bats in the Sierra Nevada appear to be well-adapted to wildfire, with overall species richness increasing in burned forests. This suggests that prescribed burns and managed wildfire may benefit these species by creating diverse habitat conditions, including openings for roosting and insect-foraging.
A Concordia study found that using green products leads to improved consumer experiences, with participants reporting increased enjoyment and reduced social exclusion. The 'greenconsumption effect' suggests retailers can benefit by providing greener experiences, but risks of mislabeling or exaggeration exist.
A new study by UC Davis Health investigates the effects of progesterone on reversing mifepristone's effect in initiating an abortion. The research found that even with high-dose progesterone treatment, women may still experience severe blood loss and risk serious health consequences.
A new study found that genetic variations in non-coding regions of DNA can drive cancer development. Researchers analyzed over 6 million genetic variants and discovered correlations between specific SNPs and the expression of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have developed a blood test that can reliably predict a person's age with 97% accuracy. By measuring the levels of 373 proteins in the blood, the test can identify three distinct inflection points in the human life cycle where physiological aging accelerates. This breakthrough could...
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center developed an immunogen that selectively bound to antibodies with necessary mutations, which led to the production of potent neutralizing antibodies. The study demonstrates the ability to engineer the immune system to create an environment where effective antibodies can be made.
A global clinical trial has demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of an oral medication to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a chronic liver disease. The treatment, obeticholic acid, showed the ability to reverse liver scarring in patients most at risk for irreversible liver damage.
A team of scientists has identified the tools for repairing damaged DNA molecules, revealing new insights into how the human genome works. The study found that damaged DNA undergoes a unique packing state during repair, moving faster than healthy DNA but depending on its size.
Researchers identified patches of normal-looking kidney tissue carrying DNA changes that cause Wilms' tumour, promising improved treatment and prevention strategies. The study found epigenetic changes associated with cancer in normal kidney tissue, enabling cells to grow rapidly into pre-cancerous patches.
Researchers tested a radical geo-engineering approach using climate models and found that it could potentially delay Arctic sea ice decline by decades. However, the approach would not produce meaningful cooling effects globally or in lower latitudes. The study suggests that while 'ice management' is an interesting concept, it cannot me...
The study of two Siberian blue lakes reveals a similarity in zooplankton species composition to other Western Siberian lakes, with species such as cladocerans and copepods dominating. The concentration of heavy metals exceeds sanitary standards, but is characteristic of the region's aquatic ecosystems.
A study published in Journal of Nuclear Cardiology found that combining Transcendental Meditation with cardiac rehabilitation increases myocardial blood flow by 20.7%. This increase is significantly higher than the 5.8% improvement seen with cardiac rehabilitation alone.
Tropical Cyclone 02S is strengthening and consolidating as it moves west-southwest towards Madagascar. The storm's shape and organization indicate a shift from weakening to strengthening, with NASA monitoring its progress using satellite data.
A large NIH-supported study found increasing acceptance of the U=U message among gay, bisexual men, with 84% of participants with HIV correctly identifying it as accurate. However, most still overestimate the risk of HIV transmission from an undetectable partner.
Researchers created a functioning 3D-printed ukulele and compared its sound quality to a standard wooden instrument using acoustics. They found that the 3D-printed ukulele produced lower A-weighted sound pressure and exhibited different timbre and frequency characteristics.
UConn researchers have discovered a connection between pregnancy and cancer metastasis in various mammal species. They found that certain species have evolved to make their stromal cells highly resistant to invasion, unlike humans who are more vulnerable to cancer metastasis.
Researchers have found that behavioral interventions, such as imposing strict meal restrictions, can be as effective as anorectic drugs in reducing food intake in rodents. The study suggests that changes to diet, particularly those that slow gut emptying, might be a strong strategy for weight loss.
A new study found that LED lights along the top of floating gillnets in Peruvian waters can cut accidental bycatch of sea turtles by more than 70%, and small cetaceans (including dolphins) by over 66%. The research suggests that this simple, low-cost technique could help save wildlife while allowing fishers to fish more sustainably.
University of Texas and MIT researchers develop predictive digital twins for UAVs, using physics-based models to capture the details of their behavior. The system can make real-time predictions of a UAV's health, enabling autonomous decision-making and reducing the risk of crashes.
A simple health questionnaire could be a highly effective tool to pre-screen people for early signs of oesophageal cancer, enabling much earlier diagnosis and treatment. Eight factors were identified as markers in those individuals who had Barrett's oesophagus or went on to develop it.
Researchers found that using lungs from donors considered high risk for certain infectious diseases results in similar one-year survival rates for recipients. The study suggests broadening the definition of 'increased risk' donors could increase overall organ utilization and reduce deaths on the waitlist.
The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft captured images of material being ejected from asteroid Bennu's surface, revealing three discrete events of particle ejection. The authors suggest micro-meteorite impacts and dehydration as possible causes, with implications for the asteroid's evolution.
Researchers found that flower shapes have evolved in adaptation to distinct pollinators, but not uniformly across the entire flower. The showy sterile organs of flowers adapted more quickly to different pollinators than the reproductive organs.
Female survivors of domestic abuse are nearly twice as likely to develop fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome compared to non-abused women. The study examined GP records of 18,547 abused women and found a significant association between abuse and these long-term illnesses.
Researchers have discovered point defects in beta gallium oxide, which could impact its efficiency as a semiconductor. The defects can provide opportunities for unprecedented control of the material's properties if properly manipulated.
A team of researchers at Penn State developed protocells with enzymatic activity, actively moving independently like living cells. High ATP concentrations surprisingly suppress protocell movement by binding to the ATPase enzyme.
A £2.5M project is developing a less costly method to trap large amounts of sand flies, reducing the number of infected dogs and subsequent human cases of Leishmaniasis. The synthetic male pheromone lure-and-kill method shows promising results in reducing female sand fly abundance by 49%.
Researchers confirm what Herbert Spencer Jennings described over 100 years ago: single-celled organisms like S. roeseli can make decisions that allow them to 'change their mind.' The findings suggest a hierarchy of avoidance behaviors determined by previous experience, with protists exhibiting complex problem-solving behaviors in respo...
A pilot study found that limiting food consumption to a 10-hour window per day improved health outcomes in participants with metabolic syndrome. Participants experienced significant weight loss, reduced abdominal fat, and stable blood sugar and insulin levels.
Typhoon Kammuri brought heavy rains to the Philippines, with surface rainfall accumulations exceeding 500 mm (~20 inches) over the central Philippine Sea. The storm also caused significant flooding and landslides, resulting in up to 17 fatalities.
A recent study has found that BPA levels in humans are significantly higher than previously estimated, with a 44-fold increase in exposure. The research challenges the safety assumptions of regulatory agencies and highlights the need for more accurate measurement methods.
Researchers found that recycling nutrient-rich industrial waste products can enhance soil health while reducing carbon emissions and maintaining crop yields. The study used heat-inactivated spent microbial mass (SMB) as a fertilizer, which provided similar crop yields to conventional fertilizers but at greater rates.
Researchers discovered that mimicking human bone's trabeculae structure can create artificial materials lasting up to 100 times longer than current designs. By increasing the thickness of horizontal struts, they achieved significant durability enhancements in 3D-printed polymers.
A systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that one in two homeless people have experienced a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in their lifetime, with almost one in four experiencing moderate or severe TBI. The findings highlight the need for healthcare workers to be aware of the burden of TBI in this population.
A study found that cell secretions may be the cause of elevated nighttime blood pressure in patients with apnea, leading to cardiovascular complications. The researchers identified a potential diagnostic test using blood exosomes to assess cardiovascular risk.
Researchers at Goethe University develop a new method to measure acute cellular stress responses, enabling precise time-resolved measurements of thousands of proteins. This breakthrough opens the door for new therapeutic strategies in diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
A mutated gene, USP9X, regulates a network of genes underlying Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Focusing on this network may lead to therapy developments for neurological disorders.
Researchers found luteolin suppresses both early stage prostate carcinogenesis and CRPC by inducing apoptosis. MicroRNA-8080 (miR-8080) recruited by luteolin down-regulates AR-V7, inhibiting tumorigenesis and enzalutamide resistance in CRPC.
A new study found that older adults who participate in preoperative rehabilitation programs have shorter hospital stays and lower total insurance payments. The program, which includes physical exercise, healthy eating, and stress reduction techniques, was associated with improved outcomes for patients, providers, and payers.
Researchers investigate possibility of facilitating controlled fusion reactions with assisted tunneling processes using X-ray free electron lasers. Theoretical results show promise for increasing tunneling rate, paving way for successful controlled fusion reaction.
Tropical Storm Pawan, located near latitude 9.5 degrees north and longitude 55.9 degrees east, is moving to the west with maximum sustained winds of 40 knots (45 mph/74 kph). The storm is expected to weaken over the next day as it approaches Somalia.
A new study will investigate the relationship between religion, family size, and child health across multiple cultures. The research aims to understand why children born to religious parents tend to thrive despite initial predictions suggesting they would perform poorly.
Researchers at the University of Texas at San Antonio have developed a revolutionary nanodisk technology that uses magnetic fields to modulate brain cell functionality. This innovation has the potential to restore quality of life for individuals affected by Lou Gehrig's disease and other motor neuron disorders.
Researchers found a dramatic increase in resolved cases of atrial fibrillation after the introduction of GP performance targets, with significant implications for patient care and stroke prevention. The study highlights the need to review clinical coding practices and ensure that patients receive appropriate treatment.
A team of engineers from Colorado State University has published a new study on treating PFAS, a group of chemicals widely used in consumer goods and industries. The treatment train combines nanofiltration and electrochemical oxidation to precisely isolate and destroy PFAS residues in water.
A new study warns that large-scale bioenergy projects can have a high carbon footprint and excessive land use, making them less viable in the long term. The authors recommend prioritizing cost-effective alternatives like waste-to-energy and carbon capture technologies to reduce reliance on land-intensive bioenergy.
A new online tool called Uniqprimer has been developed to detect blackleg disease in potatoes with high accuracy and ease of use. It quickly designs species-specific DNA tags for detecting pathogens using DNA testing, allowing for accurate pathogen detection and informing farmers' on-farm decision making.
Tropical Storm 07A is experiencing significant wind shear, causing powerful thunderstorms with cold cloud top temperatures. The storm is expected to weaken into a depression by December 5 and dissipate.
Researchers have engineered lager yeast to produce more molecules that protect beer against staling, resulting in improved flavor stability. The modified strains produced 26.3-47.3% less acetaldehyde and increased levels of sulfur dioxide, a natural antioxidant.
A new Yale research model provides a more comprehensive understanding of environmental impacts by incorporating capital assets into production supply chains. The analysis shows that capital assets account for 13% of economy-wide carbon, energy, and material footprints in 2012.