A team of researchers has found a novel function for the signaling molecule TRADD, which was previously considered dispensable. Without RIPK1 protein, having two copies of the TRADD gene or no copies results in cell death, while one copy promotes survival. This discovery sheds light on regulating cell death and survival pathways.
Researchers create 3D in vitro model capable of isolating specific metastatic cells, providing platform for identifying potential therapies and screening anticancer drugs. The model also enables study of interactions between vasculature and drugs, yielding important answers.
A new £35 million research network, SUSTAIN, aims to transform the UK steel sector by making it cleaner, greener, and smarter. The project will focus on two areas: zero waste iron and steelmaking and smart steel processing.
A study of woodland star wildflowers found remarkable diversity in their scent compounds, with many species and populations producing unique floral bouquets to attract insect pollinators. The findings suggest that natural selection has shaped the biochemistry of floral scents in different ways among different populations.
Researchers have created a new breed of devices with unique properties, harnessing the power of quantum interference to fine-tune electrical conductance. By controlling quantum strangeness, they demonstrated that electrical conductance can be modulated over two orders of magnitude in single molecules.
An estimated 7.7 million American children have at least one mental health disorder, with prevalence varying widely by state. Policy efforts are needed to improve treatment for children with mental health disorders, which affects up to 72% in some states.
Researchers identified a key neural circuit involved in OCD, including connections between the basolateral amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. Altering this circuit's activity was shown to impact OCD-like checking behavior, providing new insights into the disorder's pathophysiology.
A Yale research team found that nearly half of non-elderly adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease report financial hardship due to medical bills. The study reveals significant financial distress among these individuals, including cutting back on essential medications.
A new approach using environmental big data helps identify effective conservation methods for managing natural capital, including forests and ponds. The study shows that measures to reduce chemicals used by farmers will be particularly effective in protecting freshwater environments in northern Britain.
Researchers visualize two distinct meshworks in the nuclear lamina, an outer layer made of lamin B1 and an inner layer of lamin A. This discovery may lead to a better understanding of genetic diseases like ADLD and how cells can compress without damaging their nuclei.
Researchers developed a mapping tool that predicts the best locations for oyster bed reestablishment, maximizing water filtration benefits. The tool utilizes GIS tools and considers factors such as ecosystem services and population sustainability.
A new hardware platform based on isolated electron spins in a two-dimensional material was demonstrated by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania. The system utilizes defects in sheets of hexagonal boron nitride to manipulate individual quantum states, enabling potential applications in quantum technology and sensing.
Researchers analyzed blood samples from Ebola patients in Sierra Leone to understand the progression of the disease and potential treatments. The study identified a critical role for choline and microvesicles in the virus's progression, with survivors showing higher levels of phosphatidylcholines and healthy individuals having lower PS...
The Noble False Widow, a large and venomous spider, has spread rapidly across Europe, California, South America, and Central Europe. Its populations are now expanding northwards in England, posing a threat to native faunas.
A study of 959 obese pregnant women found no significant difference in birth outcomes between early and routine gestational diabetes screening. Early screening was associated with increased insulin use, a potential drawback for patients.
Researchers studied rats' brain activity while navigating an augmented reality environment, finding that their internal map of location is constantly updated on a minute-by-minute basis. This process, called path integration, involves the use of external landmarks and self-motion cues to estimate distance and speed.
Researchers surveyed known enzyme structures and found that active sites often have conflicting instructions, allowing for a balance between stability and functionality. This 'extended frustration' extends beyond the first shell of amino acids, supporting catalytic ability and enabling enzymes to modify target molecules efficiently.
Physicists at ETH Zurich have created acoustic metamaterials that interact differently with Weyl fermions of opposite chirality, a crucial aspect of particle physics. This discovery enables the manipulation of chiral channels, giving independent access to these particles in bulk systems.
Researchers capture snapshots of crystal structures in biochemical pathway that enables us to breathe, providing key insights into aerobic respiration. The study uses a new 'diffraction before destruction' method to determine the structure of an oxygen intermediate in cytochrome c oxidase.
New species of corals and animals found in Costa Rican waters, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts. The expedition highlights the importance of preserving these ecosystems before they face threats from human activities and climate change.
Michigan State University researchers have measured the nuclei of three protein-rich calcium isotopes, revealing unique patterns in their charge radii. The findings, which challenge existing theories, are attributed to a better understanding of proton interactions at large distances outside the nucleus.
A Canadian Medical Association Journal study found that women are less likely than men to receive geriatric care during hospitalization for emergency hip surgery. Women from low-income neighborhoods and those with dementia were also excluded from receiving anesthesiology consultations before surgery.
A mutant gene encoding a human brain protein linked to autism has been introduced into the brains of fruit flies, producing abnormal behaviors reminiscent of autism impairments. The study found hyperactivity, repetitive behavior, and impaired social interaction in the fruit flies.
Researchers have identified a new target protein that can inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced cell death. Corticosteroids, already used in tuberculosis treatment, may support the healing process by inhibiting this pathway. This immunotherapy approach could reduce treatment duration and secondary complications associated with TB.
Biologist Aleksey Belikov proposes that rapid progression of age-related diseases results from vicious cycles triggered by biochemical reactions. The study highlights the importance of interrupting these cycles in preventing disease progression.
Researchers at Uppsala University and Emory University found that over a quarter of bacteria exhibit heteroresistance, making antibiotic treatment ineffective. The underlying genetic mechanism is often the spontaneous occurrence of gene amplifications, which can make it difficult to detect and study.
A new therapeutic target has been identified for aggressive pediatric cancers with few treatment options. The researchers discovered that malignant rhabdoid tumors may be sensitive to drugs that block the cancer cell's ability to dispose of misfolded proteins, and a Phase II clinical trial is underway to investigate this approach.
A study from Cornell University has identified the culprit behind decreased blood flow in the brain of people with Alzheimer's: white blood cells stuck to the inside of capillaries. This blockage leads to decreased blood flow in multiple downstream vessels, impacting cognitive function.
A new study highlights the need for contextual data collection alongside clinical trials to tailor interventions and improve their effectiveness. Researchers found that factors like local health policies, healthcare workers' concerns, and patient understanding influence adherence to antibiotic prescriptions.
Researchers have identified bacteria in Lake Erie that can degrade microcystin, a toxic toxin linked to liver cancer and other diseases. The bacteria, including Flectobacillus major and Pseudomonas lutea, can remove up to 19 parts per billion of microcystin from water supplies.
Researchers at Ohio State University have found that tau protein aggregates in Alzheimer's disease can grow by joining end-to-end, forming longer filaments. This discovery helps explain the formation of toxic aggregates and may inform the development of new drug candidates.
A previously believed pathway for sRNA production has been found to be present widely in flowering plants, evolved over 200 million years ago. This discovery could improve crop yields and breeding better varieties.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a method to create dielectric glass metasurfaces in just a few minutes, using dewetting to produce flexible and ultra-thin photonic circuits. This breakthrough enables the creation of highly sensitive sensors and flexible optics for various applications.
A new study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that having HPV in the hand does not increase the risk of transmitting HPV to a sexual partner. Most HPV detected in the hands likely came from a person's own genital HPV infection.
Harvard engineers create injectable sponge-like gel to enhance T-cell production and diversity after bone marrow transplantation, improving the immune system's ability to fight infections. The device reduces graft-versus-host disease and increases T-cell recovery rates.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine developed an antibody-based treatment that gently eliminates diseased blood-forming stem cells in the bone marrow. This could circumvent the need for harsh chemotherapy or radiation to prepare people for transplant, expanding the number of patients who can benefit from the procedure.
A new case study from New York University finds that face transplant surgery can significantly improve speech production in patients who have experienced severe facial trauma. The study used optical tracking technology to examine the effects of the procedure on facial movements and speech intelligibility, with remarkable results.
Oral mucositis affects nearly 40% of patients receiving chemotherapy and 80% of those receiving radiation therapy. A new study tests photobiomodulation as a non-invasive replacement for opioids to alleviate pain, promote healing, and improve quality of life for cancer patients.
A growing body of research suggests that smartphones can negatively impact face-to-face social interactions, leading to feelings of ignored, annoyed, or pushed away. The constant access to text messaging and social media makes it easier for people to disclose personal information and respond to others in their large social networks.
Research in Moorea, French Polynesia, reveals that intense herbivory is required to prevent seaweed establishment and that seaweed-dominated patch reefs are resilient to moderate disturbances. The findings suggest that preventing shifts to seaweed should be a focus of reef management.
A recent study by the University of Wisconsin-Madison reveals that mitochondrial dysfunction caused by a single mutation may be responsible for fragile X syndrome, autism, and other neural disorders. Researchers successfully reversed behavioral deficits in mice using a chemical treatment that restored mitochondria fusion.
Scientists found that Arctic cod developed their antifreeze gene by assembling tiny fragments of noncoding DNA, which were later duplicated and edited to create a functional protein. The study reveals an unexpected mechanism for the evolution of new genes.
Recent studies indicate that women and scholars from underrepresented groups often don't receive proper authorship credit, due to biases in leadership positions and collaborations. Experts will provide guidance on navigating power dynamics and promoting responsible authorship decisions at the AAAS Annual Meeting.
Use of active surveillance for low-risk localized prostate cancer increased significantly between 2010 and 2015, becoming the dominant management strategy. Surgery rates declined among men with low-risk disease, while increasing in high-risk patients.
Researchers have identified a potential economic opportunity for Greenland by exploiting its abundant river sediment, which has a market value equivalent to half of the country's GDP. Sand export could provide a new revenue stream, but it would require careful assessment of environmental impact and collaboration with local authorities.
A new model developed by the University of Illinois predicts how ground shipping will affect future human health and the environment. The study found that a carbon tax could lead to a 24% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, while enforcing truck fleet maintenance could cut particulate emissions by one-third by 2050.
A Carnegie Mellon University study found that smartphone-based mindfulness training can help individuals feel less lonely and interact with more people. Acceptance skills training was critical to improving social functioning outcomes, reducing daily life loneliness by 22% and increasing social contact by two interactions per day.
The use of active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer nearly tripled between 2010 and 2015, with 42.1% of men adopting this strategy. This increase is associated with a favorable prognosis and reduced toxicity from treatment.
Scientists have discovered a new genus and species of mosquito in Myanmar amber dating back 100 million years, indicating that anopheline mosquitoes were present during this time period. This finding sheds light on the history of malaria and may offer clues on how its modern-day life cycle evolved.
A new experimental antibiotic AN12855 has been shown to be more effective against tuberculosis than isoniazid, a decades-old drug. In mouse studies, the new drug demonstrated a much lower tendency to develop resistance and remained in tissues where Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria reside for longer, killing them more effectively.
Scientists at the University of Manchester have created flags that can harness both wind and solar energy to generate electricity. The innovative flags use piezoelectric strips and flexible photovoltaic cells to produce power, making them suitable for powering remote sensors and small electronics.
Ancient fossils found in Gabon date back 2.1 billion years, revealing a multicellular organism that moved through the mud. The discovery pushes the history of locomotion in complex organisms to over 1.5 billion years earlier than previously thought.
A team of researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital has identified brain cells in the dorsolateral septum that regulate fearful behavior in mice. Activation of these cells predicts how an animal will behave when faced with a threatening situation, and targeting them may help treat post-traumatic stress disorder.
Researchers uncovered an unexpected pattern of HIV infection among transgender women and cisgender men in Los Angeles County. The study suggests that transgender women are at a higher risk of being in an HIV transmission network than previously thought, highlighting the need for tailored public health efforts within this community.
Researchers analyzed medical records from nearly 3,000 pregnant women to find that the ACOG criteria identifies those at highest risk for complications. The study suggests obstetric care providers need more information about the implications of 'high normal' blood pressure during pregnancy.
Researchers identified nearly 2000 novel bacterial species in the human gut using computational methods, revealing significant geographical diversity and underscoring the importance of collecting data from underrepresented populations to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the human microbiome.
A new device can accurately measure fluoride concentrations in water using a novel material that changes color when exposed to fluoride ions. This simple, on-site testing method is cheaper and more accessible than current methods, enabling virtually anyone to monitor fluoride levels in drinking water.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have developed smartphone-based technologies that can monitor civil infrastructure systems such as crumbling roads and aging bridges. By using various sensors on smartphones, they can determine the specific makeup and deterioration of a road's surface in real-time.
Researchers have developed a new flight strategy to land heavier vehicles on Mars by eliminating parachutes and using larger rocket engines. The approach optimizes the lift vector to minimize propellant usage, enabling vehicles to carry more payload while reducing costs.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center found that exercise causes dramatic changes to fat, releasing factors into the bloodstream that improve glucose tolerance. The study identified transforming growth factor beta 2 as an adipokine released from fat that has positive effects on health.