A new prototype using solar energy can double the amount of drinking water produced at given solar energy levels. The technology uses 'passive' processes without mechanical or electrical components, making it inexpensive and simple to install.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified a cellular protein signal that drives both bone and fat formation in stem cells. Harnessing this signal, WISP-1, could help fractures heal faster, speed surgical recovery and prevent bone loss due to aging or injury.
A new study published in CANCER found that suicide risk increases significantly in the first year following a cancer diagnosis, with the highest increase seen for pancreatic and lung cancers. The study's authors emphasize the importance of screening for suicide risk and providing social and emotional support to newly diagnosed patients.
A review of evidence reveals that as many as one in four women attending sexual and reproductive healthcare services report being coerced into controlling their own reproductive lives. Coercive control, including 'contraceptive sabotage,' undermines women's autonomy and has serious negative consequences.
Scientists at Kanazawa University develop a spherical vanadium oxide cluster that selectively traps carbon dioxide over carbon monoxide. The 'flipped' structure allows for efficient separation of the two gases.
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a novel catalyst using manganese dioxide (MnO2) that accelerates the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, generating new raw materials for bio-based plastics. The team found that the crystal structure of MnO2 is crucial for catalytic activity.
A century and a half of reconstructed ocean warming offers insights into the Earth system's energy balance. The study suggests that global warming of the oceans has occurred over the past 150 years, with comparable warming patterns observed in the 1920s-1940s and 1990s-2015.
Non-binary individuals experience significant health disparities, including higher rates of psychological stress and poverty, according to a new study. Researchers call for improved care and awareness of non-binary patients in healthcare settings.
Researchers found that adults with autism can quickly recognize regret and relief emotions in characters, even outperforming neurotypical individuals. The study used eye-tracking technology to monitor participants' responses to stories, revealing a previously overlooked strength in adults with ASD.
A recent study sequenced the genome of the Hawaiian bobtail squid, revealing unique evolutionary footprints in symbiotic organs that house beneficial bacteria. The research provides clues about how these partnerships are maintained and lays the groundwork for furthering knowledge of human microbiome relationships.
Scientists have discovered a new planet, HD 21749b, with the longest orbital period of three planets so far identified by TESS. The planet, about three times the size of Earth and 23 times as massive, is likely a dense, gaseous 'sub-Neptune' world.
Researchers used artificial neural networks to learn atomic interactions from quantum mechanics, bypassing complex calculations. The ANN was used as a surrogate model to account for errors and improve predictions.
A study published in Obesity found that obese women who followed a diet with intermittent fasting lost more weight and improved their health compared to those who only restricted their diet or fasted intermittently. This research suggests that intermittent fasting may be an effective approach for improving obesity-related health outcomes.
A study by University of Vermont researcher Christine Carmichael found that nearly 25% of eligible Detroit residents rejected the city's tree planting program due to negative past experiences with street trees. The opposition was primarily driven by concerns over maintenance responsibilities and lack of decision-making power. The resea...
Researchers found that high ratings for engagement in worthwhile activities are associated with strong personal relationships, healthy lifestyles, sound mental and physical health. High ratings predict healthy lifestyles, increased relationships and socializing, and reduced loneliness, depression, and health issues.
A new symptom-assessment questionnaire is being developed to improve understanding and treatment of genitourinary symptoms of menopause. The questionnaire focuses on women's descriptions of how symptoms impact their lives, key to producing a valuable instrument.
A study suggests that a PAC1R mutation may be associated with more severe social problems and disrupted brain connectivity in individuals with autism. The research found high levels of PAC1R expression in key brain regions, particularly in male brains during fetal development and female brains during childhood.
Researchers used game theory to programme robots that can anticipate human movements and respond safely. The breakthrough could aid robots in sports training, physical rehabilitation, or shared driving, complementing human capabilities.
A Johns Hopkins study found that the brain's push-pull dynamic between hemispheres contributes to risk-taking behavior, with cumulative feelings from past bets influencing decisions. Researchers used stereoelectroencephalography to analyze neural signals and developed a mathematical equation to calculate each patient's bias.
Researchers identified racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and progression among African-American participants, who had lower levels of brain protein tau. This may lead to under-recognition of the disease in African-Americans, as they often have lower tau levels than Caucasians, according to a new study.
Researchers discovered that individuals with epilepsy exhibit increased high-frequency brain activity in the right hemisphere when making risky bets and the left hemisphere when avoiding risks. The findings suggest a brain-based mechanism for risk-taking biases, which can be influenced by past behaviors.
Researchers have identified a new genus of filovirus from fruit bats in China, which shares similarities with Ebola and Marburg viruses. The Mengla virus has been found in different geographic locations than other filoviruses and poses a potential risk of interspecies transmission.
Researchers at UNSW's CQC2T have shown that they can build atomic precision qubits in a 3D device, achieving critical components of the 3D chip architecture. They demonstrated the feasibility of an architecture using atomic-scale qubits aligned to control lines inside a 3D design.
Researchers developed a flexible electrode to monitor adrenal gland activity in real-time, providing potential continuous tracking of acute and chronic stress responses. This method could aid in diagnosis and treatment of stress disorders.
The Polsky Urologic Cancer Institute will provide personalized, integrated, and innovative care to individuals with urologic cancers through a disease-centric program of research, education, and discovery. The institute aims to transform how urologic cancers are treated in Chicago and worldwide.
A new study found that younger enrollees and those without chronic conditions were more likely to not purchase insurance if there was no penalty. In California, the lack of a penalty led to an estimated 4-7% increase in monthly premium prices.
A new study identified a unique strain of CA-MRSA driving antimicrobial resistance and spread, particularly in vulnerable populations. Genomic surveillance played a crucial role in tracking the outbreak and informing infection control strategies.
A study recommends replenishing vaccine stocks in regions where they are being used up, rather than sending them to areas with low vaccination rates. This tweak could save thousands of lives in both regular flu seasons and pandemics, reducing the spread of the flu virus and secondary infections.
A University of Oxford study reveals that genomic research has been limited by a lack of diversity, with most subjects from the UK, US, and Iceland. The study analyzed nearly 4,000 scientific studies between 2005 and 2018, finding that ancestral diversity has stalled and non-white groups are under-represented.
US youth tobacco users experienced a decline in flavored tobacco product use between 2014 and 2016. The trend reversed in 2017, with increased flavor use among electronic cigarettes contributing to the increase.
Researchers emphasize the need for prioritized uncertainty identification in aerosol geoengineering to address climate change. The article suggests a model-based approach with potential small-scale field experimentation once global consensus is achieved.
The US has the highest per capita health care spending among developed countries, largely attributed to higher prices. A study found that despite efforts to control spending, the US continues to outspend other countries on healthcare, with a significant gap between public and private insurer payments.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have identified a protein responsible for transporting nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) into cells, where it can be used to produce energy. This finding has implications for understanding the process of aging and developing therapies to boost cellular energy levels.
Researchers found that a specific set of genes and brain activity changes occurred in all species undergoing evolutionary transitions to monogamy, suggesting a universal formula for complex social behaviors. The study covers 450 million years of evolution, spanning multiple species, including mammals, birds, frogs, and fish.
Researchers have conducted a safety and feasibility clinical trial on removing senescent cells from patients with pulmonary fibrosis, showing clinically meaningful improvement in physical function. The study used a drug to clear senescent cells and found benefits in gait speed, walking speed, chair rise test, and physical function tests.
A team of researchers has discovered a potential method to treat radiation-induced skin fibrosis by manipulating metabolism. They found that metabolic abnormalities are a key factor in the development of this condition, and identified several compounds and cell therapy techniques that may help alleviate its symptoms.
A Dartmouth-led study reveals that exposure to sugary breakfast cereal advertising directly influences children's diets, leading to increased intake of those cereals. The research suggests a concerning link between child-directed high-sugar cereal TV advertising and brand-specific cereal consumption among preschoolers.
A Baylor University study finds that Americans are happier in states that spend more on libraries, parks, and highways. Public goods spending makes communities more livable with more amenities, boosting home values and social connections.
A new study finds that sudden, unpredictable drops in personal income during young adulthood are associated with a significantly increased risk of developing heart disease and/or dying from any cause. The researchers found that women and African-Americans were more likely to experience high income volatility and income drops.
Researchers found that female Magellanic penguins are more likely to be stranded along the South American coast due to their northward migration. The study suggests that females are at greater risk of encountering threats such as water pollution and marine transport hazards, leading to increased stranding.
New evaluation tools and global climate models will enable a more complete comparison of models to ground-based and satellite measurements. This combination can significantly reduce uncertainties in key aspects of future climate change, according to a study published in Nature Climate Change.
Researchers have detected deep low-frequency earthquakes at great depths, suggesting the movement of magmatic fluids beneath Laacher See Volcano. The earthquakes are characterized by unusually low frequencies and occur episodically in groups along a specific depth range.
A new complex carbohydrate was discovered in barley by University of Adelaide researchers, which has the potential to be exploited for various uses. The polysaccharide is a mix of glucose and xylose and could behave as a structural component or a viscous gel.
DeepSqueak uses deep artificial neural networks to analyze ultrasonic vocalizations, providing a new tool for studying social behavior in rodents. The researchers found that male mice have distinct songs for different stages of courtship, and that they are more complex when sensing a female mouse nearby.
Research demonstrates how solid stress from brain tumors impacts surrounding tissue, leading to neurological dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Lithium treatment is identified as a promising strategy for preserving function in compressed brain tissue.
A mouse study reveals that abnormal brain development and maternal stress interact to produce schizophrenia, bipolar, and depressive disorders. Disrupting a specific molecule in the prefrontal cortex during embryonic development can lead to similar cognitive impairments.
A joint ESA-University of Bath project aims to estimate forces experienced by lower limbs in different gravity environments, mapping variation in external loads, muscle strength, and reduced gravity effect.
Research finds people with heart attacks, strokes, or cardiac arrests are less likely to be working and have lower incomes than healthy peers. Employment loss can lead to substantial earnings reductions, ranging from 8% to 31%. The study aims to develop interventions to support return to work.
Researchers have determined general population quality of life normative data for 15 individual countries, allowing for regional comparisons and valid QLQ-C30 score interpretation. National differences in quality of life scores were found, with respondents from Austria and the Netherlands reporting higher scores.
A study reveals that introducing a parasitic wasp to control the cassava mealybug can reduce crop losses, restore farm profitability, and slow deforestation. The approach provides a sustainable solution for tackling invasive species, promoting biodiversity conservation and profitable farming.
USC scientists have made groundbreaking discoveries about a tick-borne virus, including its molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. The research could lead to the development of medications and a vaccine to prevent or treat hemorrhagic fever.
A recent study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that prescribed opioids increase the risk of pneumonia in individuals with and without HIV. Patients taking medium or high doses of opioid painkillers were at greater risk for pneumonia, particularly those with immunosuppressive properties.
A study suggests introducing gun safety into healthcare providers' checklists can prevent teen suicide. Researchers found support for promoting firearm safety in pediatric primary care as a universal suicide prevention strategy.
A study by Salk researchers reveals measurable differences in the patterns and speed of development in stem cells from individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The findings could lead to diagnostic methods to detect ASD at an early stage, potentially allowing for preventive interventions.
Researchers discovered that simulating human cooperation with machine-actors can significantly enhance human-machine interactions. The study involved over 100 volunteers and showed improved performance comparable to human-human collaborations.
Researchers from Aarhus University have developed a method to map economic living conditions using high-resolution satellite data, capturing household-level information with 62% accuracy. This approach makes space-based monitoring a promising technology for effective poverty tracking and achieving the UN's sustainable development goals.
Gene-editing techniques may enable mass-producing capsaicinoids in tomatoes, which have nutritional and antibiotic properties. Researchers aim to develop commercial applications for these compounds.
New research published in JNeurosci finds that stroke generates dysfunctional brain cells that fail to develop properly, leading to memory impairments. Intervening in the production of these cells may help mitigate stroke-induced memory loss.
A novel valuation method reveals that stock options granted to women and senior managers are worth more because they hold onto them longer. Options with less frequent vesting dates also cost companies significantly more.
Researchers identified 24 candidate genes associated with monogamy in vertebrates, including heightened expressions of those involved in neural development, synaptic activity, learning, and memory. This suggests a putative gene expression signature common to some vertebrate species.