A recent study on the 2017-2018 Montecito debris flow reveals that road culverts and bridge underpasses played a significant role in causing widespread damage, as they redirected debris flow into neighborhoods. The research provides rare spatial and dynamic constraints for testing debris-flow runout models.
A new study analyzing participants from 35 countries found that near-death experiences (NDEs) affect around 10% of people, with common reported symptoms including out-of-body sensations and hallucinations. The study also found an association between NDEs and Rapid Eye Movement sleep intrusion into wakefulness.
A UC Santa Cruz study found that many college students are unaware of the mercury exposure risks associated with eating large amounts of tuna. Students reported consuming up to 20 servings of tuna per week, exceeding recommended levels and potentially causing neurological damage.
Researchers at Western University found evidence for direct formation of massive black holes without stellar remnants. The new model explains observed distribution of supermassive black hole masses and luminosities, providing an explanation for their presence at an early stage in the universe.
Researchers found a significant jump in medically unnecessary ambulance rides for minor injuries like abrasions and muscle sprains after the ACA expansion. In New York City, these dispatches increased by 37%, equivalent to 2,868 additional rides per year.
A new study by the German Sport University Cologne compares the tactical performance of male and female football players in Europe, using advanced analysis methods. The findings aim to contribute to the development and professionalization of women's football, while promoting public awareness of the sport.
Scientists at the Francis Crick Institute created a comprehensive database of gene activity in mice with ten diseases, allowing researchers to study immune responses without needing actual mice. The database uses next-generation sequencing technology and shows the activity of over 45,000 genes across different diseases.
A team of scientists has developed a method to study ultrafast spin-flip scattering rates in ferromagnetic Nickel and nonmagnetic copper using X-ray emission spectroscopy. As temperature increases, ferromagnetic nickel shows a decrease in emissions due to increased electron-phonon interactions.
A 25-year study of US data found declining average health and worsening income disparities, but some progress in closing the racial gap. The study calls for new approaches to address health equity challenges.
Researchers from Skoltech have identified relationships between photochromic material structure and device electrical performance. The study found that certain molecular structures improve switching speed and reliability, paving the way for the development of new organic memory elements.
A new study suggests that NGOs can use targeted reports to encourage companies to adopt more responsible practices through vertical integration. This approach can help promote sustainable sourcing throughout industries, even in the face of high external pressure. By specifying both violating and non-violating firms in their reports, NG...
A new study from City, University of London suggests that patients diagnosed with dry AMD may experience considerable distress despite reasonable visual function. Effective communication with eye health professionals and timely information about the disease can alleviate anxiety and fear of going blind.
Andrea Signori's project, 'Unraveling Hadronization,' aims to improve fragmentation functions and make them more accurate. This will give physicists more confidence in detecting specific quarks in particles, leading to a better understanding of hadronization.
A study of 200 users found that spending more time on WhatsApp per day was linked to lower loneliness and higher self-esteem due to stronger relationships. The research suggests that using WhatsApp to connect with friends may have positive effects on wellbeing.
The study found that expansion poses a particularly serious threat to biodiversity in the tropics, while intensification primarily threatens biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Global agricultural production must increase to meet demand, but this comes at the cost of biodiversity.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh are investigating how small amounts of water affect the molecular structure of ionic liquids at solid-liquid interfaces. The goal is to leverage this understanding to achieve better performance in applications such as energy storage devices and manufacturing.
A study of 1,986 patients found that those with variable sleep patterns lost less weight over a year compared to those with consistent sleep. Adopting good sleep habits may help maintain a healthy weight and prevent metabolic disorders.
A recent study highlights the need to screen older individuals with HIV for diabetes mellitus, which shows a significant correlation with age and race. The study also suggests that traditional glycated haemoglobin tests may underestimate diabetes diagnosis in HIV-positive patients, emphasizing the importance of considering alternative ...
A review of 117 efforts to reduce low-value care found that most measured only the reduction of test and treatment use, while few assessed intended patient benefits or unintended consequences. Only half of ongoing studies aim to measure patient-reported outcomes, highlighting a need for more comprehensive evaluation.
Researchers at Yokohama National University successfully teleported quantum information within a diamond, enabling the transfer of sensitive data without destruction. The technique uses entangled particles and photon storage to achieve quantum teleportation.
Joslin researchers will contribute to mapping specific tissues in the healthy human body using chemical imaging and single-cell sequencing. The goal is to understand how disease affects cells and develop new treatments for metabolic diseases.
A small pilot study found that sound stimulation played during specific times of deep sleep enhanced slow-wave sleep in people with mild cognitive impairment. Participants who showed the greatest improvement in deep sleep also recalled more words on a memory test the next morning.
A team of researchers has identified a key link between pre-existing brain circuit function and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) vulnerability. The study found that rats with altered neural circuit connectivity were more prone to fearful responses to threats, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of PTSD.
A new study published in the journal Emotion found that teenagers who can precisely label their negative emotions are better protected against developing depressive symptoms. This ability, known as negative emotion differentiation (NED), helps individuals regulate their emotions and respond to stressful life events more effectively.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology used X-ray computed tomography to visualize cracks forming near material interfaces in solid-state batteries. The study found that fractures, not chemical reactions, are the primary cause of degradation, leading to a possible solution for improving energy storage devices.
Researchers will follow children for 7 years to learn how their immune systems develop in response to both flu vaccination and infection. The study aims to understand immunological imprinting, which may impact the effectiveness of future flu vaccines.
Scientists at the University of Delaware and Georgia Tech have won a grant to develop a new approach for improving the efficiency of PERC cells, which are designed to increase electricity generation in solar panels. The team aims to use sulfur and selenium to create more efficient silicon solar cells with improved voltage.
The ENLIGHT'EM project is developing a new discipline in Low-energy Visible Light IoT Systems, integrating VLC and networked embedded systems. Researchers will be trained to spearhead the development of sustainable IoT networks, with potential applications in connected energy, light, living, and cities.
Research reveals high levels of antibiotic resistance among E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae species in Ghana, posing a significant threat to the healthcare system. The spread of these resistant bacteria through contact with contaminated surfaces and person-to-person contact is a major public health concern.
Researchers developed a bacterial memory circuit that can detect and report disease signals in the gut, enabling non-invasive diagnosis. The system uses E. coli bacteria with synthetic trigger elements to identify potential biosensors, showing promise for long-term digestive health monitoring and treatment.
Researchers at Newcastle University have identified neurons in praying mantises that enable complex 3D perception, enabling more efficient algorithms for machine vision. The discovery provides new insights into the neural basis of depth perception in insects, shedding light on how these tiny brains process spatial information.
Cornell University has received a $1.8 million grant from the USDA to develop active packaging materials that reduce preservatives in foods, minimizing food waste. Researchers will also explore cold processes for producing nutritious juices and beverages with reduced energy consumption.
When ozone and skin oils meet, they produce volatile gases and substances that can cause sensory irritations. People with asthma may be particularly vulnerable to ozone and its reaction products.
Researchers developed a process to release multiple active ingredients in sequence under conditions similar to the human body, using hydrogels and artificial DNA. The particles are released one by one, with each stage triggered by the previous release.
A study led by University of California, Riverside scientists found that thirdhand smoke can damage epithelial cells in the respiratory system by stressing cells and causing them to fight for survival. The researchers identified 382 genes significantly over-expressed and found pathways affected by these genes.
A new diagnostic test has the potential to determine if breast cancer patients require chemotherapy, giving them control over their treatment. The test uses gene profiling to identify low-risk patients who may not benefit from chemotherapy.
A low-cost, portable optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanner has been developed by Duke University, promising to bring vision-saving technology to underserved regions. The device produced images of 120 retinas that were 95% as sharp as those taken by commercial systems, allowing for accurate clinical diagnosis.
Gene banks are shifting to bioinformatics and big data analytics to enhance biodiversity preservation. Three major challenges arise: tracking accessions, avoiding duplications, and maintaining genetic integrity. A genomic-driven approach can address these issues by utilizing genotypic information.
Research by Jack Paine finds that precolonial political organizations are a key factor in postcolonial conflict, with nearly 80% of major ethnic groups involved in civil wars. The analysis suggests that countries with pre-colonial state groups are more likely to experience violence.
An observational study found that in utero exposure to opioids was associated with a higher likelihood of being small for gestational age, preterm birth, and postnatal neurodevelopmental and physical disorders. Long-term effects included conduct disorder, emotional disturbance diagnoses, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Researchers review epidemiology of emerging & re-emerging parasitic diseases in Malaysia, highlighting water treatment, mass drug administration and public health strategies as key prevention measures. The report emphasizes the need for effective surveillance and control measures to curb disease outbreaks.
A Michigan Medicine study found that white women and those with higher education levels are more likely to seek fertility treatment than other groups. Nearly 12.5% of women reported experiencing infertility, but only 33% of those with lower education levels sought care.
A joint team of scientists at UC Riverside and MIT has developed a new heterostructure material system based on gold that can potentially demonstrate the existence and quantum nature of Majorana fermions. The research shows superconductivity, magnetism, and electrons' spin-orbit coupling can co-exist in gold.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have developed a new method to divide patients with ulcerative colitis into two groups based on conserved gene expression across species. The study found that 87% of patients in one group responded poorly to treatment, while 60% in the other group showed improvement.
A new mini MRI scanner uses 'magic angle' effect to visualize knee structures, helping diagnose ligament and tendon damage. The technology could reduce NHS waiting times for MRI scans and improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers review 200 years of non-human primate interactions with their dead, observing behaviors like defense of deceased companions and emotional responses. The study reveals a complex cognitive understanding of death among primates, including an ability to grasp objects and distinguish between living and dead.
Callery pear trees, originally introduced as urban favorites, now outcompete native species in US forests, threatening ecological balance. The invasive trees' deep roots and long growing season make them difficult to remove, posing an existential threat to native biodiversity.
Researchers have discovered a neurotoxin, PMP1, that selectively targets malaria mosquitos, demonstrating a broader host spectrum than previously believed. This finding offers an innovative and environmentally friendly approach to reduce malaria prevalence.
A QUT study found that sharing medical 'selfies' improves confidence and satisfaction among patients, while also enhancing the relationship between doctors and patients. Parents who took photos of their children's surgical wounds after laparoscopic appendectomy reported feeling reassured and valued by the service.
Researchers have detected ranavirus infection in wild bullfrog tadpoles in Brazil's Atlantic Rainforest, linked to declining amphibian populations worldwide. The virus may have spread from frog farms, highlighting the dual threat of invasive species and pathogens.
Scientists at Harvard confirmed a 23-year-old theory of superconductors by studying ultra-thin bismuth-based materials. The confirmation offered a quantitative description of the anomalous reverse Hall effect, shedding light on the behavior of magnetic vortices in high-temperature superconductors.
Conduct disorder is a highly impairing psychiatric disorder that requires improved diagnosis and treatment. The condition is associated with a seven times greater health burden than ADHD and is linked to depression, anxiety, and substance abuse in children. Correct diagnosis and management can improve patient well-being and life chances.
Researchers have proposed a gait-based identification method for elderly users using wearable devices, improving the accuracy of authentication for older adults. The method uses a gait template synthesis algorithm and arbitration-based score-level fusion to alleviate intra-subject gait fluctuation.
Researchers developed a new vaccine, NOMV-FHbp, which induced higher levels of protective antibodies than licensed vaccines against five of six bacterial strains. The vaccine has the potential to extend coverage to infants and toddlers, who are at high risk of developing meningococcal disease.
A new prototype by Stanford University tackles presbyopia by using eye-tracking sensors and fluid-filled lenses that adapt to changing focus needs. The technology has shown promising results in tests with 56 people, outperforming traditional progressive lenses.
A new study found that low social engagement in elderly men and women is associated with greater cognitive decline over three years, particularly among those with high levels of brain amyloid-β. Researchers say social engagement may be an important marker of resilience or vulnerability in older adults at risk of cognitive impairment.
Scientists at UNIGE and Swansea University develop gold nanoparticles that activate B lymphocytes without harming them, leading to potential breakthroughs in vaccine development and cancer treatment. The use of these nanoparticles improves the efficacy of pharmaceutical products while reducing side effects.
Researchers at Lund University discovered a link between protein DDX3X and MITF gene, which plays a crucial role in melanoma cell aggressiveness. The study's findings suggest that DDX3X levels can predict disease prognosis.
A study of over 3,000 US counties found 412 high-risk areas with high opioid overdose mortality and low treatment capacity. Strategies to increase primary care clinician capacity and employment opportunities in these counties are recommended.
A new study reveals that lichens, organisms made of fungi and algae, seized the opportunity to evolve and diversify rapidly after the mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs. The research found that some lichens grew sophisticated structures similar to plant leaves, filling the niches left vacant by extinct plants.
Researchers at UC Riverside have identified a neurotoxin produced by bacteria that kills Anopheles mosquitoes, which spread malaria. The discovery could lead to the development of a chemical-free insecticide and reduce the risk of resistance.