Studies found many prenatal supplements contain too much folic acid and often have higher nutrient content than labeled, while vitamin D supplementation improves babies' growth. A healthier diet before pregnancy may lower the risk of preeclampsia, and obesity severity affects weight gain and baby size during pregnancy
A study of adults and youth with type 2 diabetes found that improvements in insulin release wane after treatment stops, highlighting the need for continued treatment. In contrast, youth experience more aggressive disease progression during and after treatment.
A new study suggests that policies targeting taxes, warning labels, and food subsidies could reduce cancer cases by up to 77,000. Implementing these policies could save an estimated $1.4 billion in direct medical costs and prevent over 35,500 obesity-related cancer cases.
Research found that participants who shifted their sleep/wake timings could bring forward their bedtime and wake-up time by two hours, leading to improvements in depression, stress, and daytime sleepiness. Participants also reported better mental well-being and increased cognitive performance during the morning.
A new study found that people who get less than 7 hours of sleep per night tend to consume fewer essential vitamins and minerals. The research also revealed a greater association between poor sleep and lower nutrient intake in women.
Researchers found that sun-exposed oyster mushrooms can increase vitamin D levels and improve immunological responses in TB patients. The study used bread containing the mushrooms, which showed significant improvements in patients' TB severity scores and reduced vitamin D deficiency.
A study estimates that a national SSB tax could prevent around 17,000 new obesity-associated cancer cases and save $2.4 billion in lifetime medical costs. Health warnings on SSBs can also reduce purchases and consumption, with potential to reduce average body mass index by about 0.6 kg/m2 over 5 years.
A large international clinical trial found that dulaglutide reduced cardiovascular events by 12% and kidney disease by 15% in people with Type 2 diabetes. The study, REWIND, followed over 9,900 participants for five years.
A randomized controlled trial found that telemedicine cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia was equally effective to in-person delivery in improving sleep outcomes. Participants reported no differences in therapist alliance or satisfaction with treatment between the two groups.
Researchers found that an immunotherapy treatment, teplizumab, effectively delayed the progression to clinical type 1 diabetes in high-risk individuals. Participants who received teplizumab took longer to develop clinical disease, with a median time of 48 months compared to just over 24 months for those in the control group.
A randomized clinical trial found that patients taking IDegLira achieved and maintained lower blood glucose levels for longer periods compared to those taking insulin only. The study showed improved outcomes without the need for additional therapy, reducing side effects often associated with insulin-only treatment.
Two new trials show oral semaglutide is more effective than subcutaneous liraglutide in treating type 2 diabetes, with the latest trial showing it's also safe for patients with moderate renal impairment. Another trial found that insulin degludec plus liraglutide is a durable therapy option for type 2 diabetes.
New research reveals that eating habits, hydration, and supplements can positively impact children's brain function and academic achievement. Studies show that junk food is associated with poorer academic performance, while hydration and certain supplements boost brain function.
Foam collapse occurs via two distinct mechanisms: 'propagating' mode, where a film is absorbed into the surrounding liquid, and 'penetrating' mode, where droplets release from a rupture event break other bubbles. Understanding these mechanisms can help tailor foams to specific applications.
Adrift visualizes the conditions faced by drifting marine microbes, providing clues about their capacity to adapt to human-induced changes. The online platform engages citizens and researchers in exploring ocean's unseen heroes.
A recent study analyzed data from 1,100 surveys and found significant differences in beverage consumption globally. Sugar-sweetened beverage intake was highest in Latin America, while milk consumption was highest in high-income regions.
Researchers found near-normal glycemic profiles in five long-term islet transplant recipients, with improved time-in-range metrics and reduced glucose variability. The study demonstrates the potential of islet transplantation as a successful long-term cell therapy for select patients with type 1 diabetes.
Researchers used exosomes to detect microRNAs targeting carbohydrate metabolism in obese teens. The study found a link between altered adipocyte-derived exosomal microRNAs and progression from obese normoglycemia to hyperglycemia/diabetes.
A 10-week pilot study integrated health coaching and incentives into standard treatment for pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes, lowering A1c levels by an average of .5%. Health coaches received greater empathy and engagement, while families benefited from personalized feedback and support.
Research from Nutrition 2019 reveals that consuming more plant-based foods can lower the risk of type 2 diabetes by 60 percent. Additionally, studies found that vitamins B2 and B6 may also play a role in preventing the disease. Furthermore, changing the order of food consumption can help reduce blood sugar levels after eating.
A new study finds that low intake of fruits and vegetables may account for millions of cardiovascular deaths worldwide, with nearly 1.8 million related to low fruit intake and 1 million related to low vegetable intake. The research highlights the need for population-based efforts to increase fruit and vegetable consumption globally.
Researchers discovered that tidal fluctuations cause the magma chamber to expand, forcing the lower block of earth to slide up the fault, resulting in earthquakes. Even small stresses can trigger tremors, making it difficult to predict when an earthquake will occur.
A study suggests that increasing Ghanaian cocoa prices by up to 47% could potentially eliminate all forms of child labor from cocoa production. The model assumes that the price premium mitigates the negative financial effects for households, maintaining current living standards.
A new study found that people with autistic traits show less empathy and reduced understanding of others' feelings. However, the researchers suggest that this lower empathy may have unforeseen benefits, such as selective empathy, which can lead to positive outcomes.
A new algorithm-based tool optimizes caffeine consumption to maximize alertness while minimizing excessive intake. The study found that the tool required on average 40% less caffeine or enhanced alertness by an additional 40%.
A new AI tool developed by researchers at Stanford University improves clinicians' ability to correctly identify brain aneurysms by highlighting areas of interest on scans. The HeadXNet algorithm reduces the 'miss' rate and increases consensus among clinicians, with promising results but further investigation needed.
Researchers at the University of Guelph discovered that meat-eating pitcher plants in Algonquin Park wetlands consume not just bugs but also young salamanders. The plants' digestive enzymes break down prey, which may help them obtain essential nutrients like nitrogen from poor bog soil.
Researchers found a protein called FATP2 that causes neutrophils to weaken the body's reaction against tumors and decrease cancer treatment efficiency. Suppressing its activity delays cancer development.
Researchers found that private sector hip operations on NHS patients from affluent areas increased by 288%, compared to a 186% increase among patients from low-income areas. The study concludes that continued outsourcing to the private sector will worsen health inequalities.
A Pennsylvania study found that 1 in 3 pharmacies carry naloxone nasal spray, but many require a physician's prescription. Chain stores were more likely to have naloxone available without a prescription than independent ones.
Middle and high school students slept 31 minutes longer and felt less sleepy for homework after their school district changed to later start times. The study found significant benefits of delayed school start times on adolescent sleep duration, alertness, and academic engagement.
Two RIT scientists, Aaron Gerace and Matthew Montanaro, received the USGIF Academic Achievement Award for solving a stray-light problem affecting the Landsat 8 satellite's Thermal Infrared Sensor. They developed an algorithm to estimate source problems in real-time, improving the accuracy of Earth's surface temperature readings.
The employment-to-population ratio for working-age people with disabilities increased to 30.7% in May 2019, while the labor force participation rate also rose. Despite positive changes, challenges remain to widespread adoption of competitive integrated employment.
A study using over 76,000 dog data reveals that behavioural traits associated with the domestication syndrome, such as sociability and playfulness, are not correlated in modern breeds. In contrast, ancient breeds like Siberian Huskies show strong correlations between these traits.
Researchers from IPK discovered a role of brassinosteroid-type plant hormones in shaping root systems under low nitrogen conditions. They found that BSK3 signaling modulates the extent of root elongation and activates brassinosteroid signaling under mild nitrogen deficiency.
A new study reveals that nearly one-third of hospital nurses suffer from chronic insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, highlighting the need for better sleep screening and scheduling modifications to alleviate shift work disorder among nursing staff.
A study published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine found that e-cigarette vaping with nicotine impairs ciliary beat frequency, dehydrates airway fluid, and makes mucus more viscous. This can lead to increased risk of chronic bronchitis and other lung diseases.
A study examining firearm ownership and accessibility found that US Army soldiers who died by suicide were more likely to own firearms and store them loaded at home. The study suggests a link between firearm availability and increased risk of suicidal death among military personnel.
Scientists at DGIST have created a new photocatalyst that can convert sunlight into hydrocarbon fuels with improved efficiency. The addition of copper and platinum nanoparticles enhances the catalyst's ability to recycle atmospheric carbon dioxide., Researchers aim to further improve the technology to make it commercially viable.
Researchers found that creating a viral YouTube ad requires arousing strong emotion through captivating plots, surprising endings, and authentic characters. Ads placed at the end of the video and between 1.2 to 1.7 minutes in length are also more likely to be shared.
A new study by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that teaching hospitals have similar costs to non-teaching hospitals for common medical conditions, with lower costs for follow-up care and readmissions. The findings suggest a reevaluation of the relationship between teaching hospital costs and patient outcomes.
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the University of Arkansas developed a highly efficient catalyst for extracting electrical energy from ethanol. The catalyst steers ethanol down an ideal chemical pathway, releasing its full potential of stored energy, enabling applications such as liquid fuel-cell-powered drones.
Researchers from Georgia Institute of Technology found that perfecting an ideal 'invisibility' cloak for stress waves is impossible. However, limited cloaking technology could still provide a degree of protection against certain stress waves, particularly in earthquakes.
A new study links severe sleep-disordered breathing to epigenetic age acceleration, with women showing stronger associations than men. The study found that untreated sleep-disordered breathing can accelerate aging by the equivalent of 215-321 days.
Researchers identified four distinct categories of stress experienced by women seeking abortion, including prior stressors, accessing abortion services, and post-abortion stress. The study aims to inform social workers' clinical care and policy development, prioritizing a trauma-informed approach.
Researchers investigated mirror activity in healthy humans and found that amplitude grows with repetition, while latency decreases. This inverse relation may be linked to fatigue-induced inhibitory mechanisms failure.
A novel radiopharmaceutical has proven effective in identifying nearly 30 types of malignant tumors with high uptake and image contrast. The tracer targets cancer-associated fibroblasts, which can contribute up to 90% of a tumor's mass.
A VA study examined over 600,000 veterans with diabetes and found that health outcomes were similar regardless of whether primary providers were physicians, nurse practitioners, or physician assistants. The results suggest using these providers in primary care may improve healthcare efficiency.
Researchers argue that policymakers should use disturbance ecology to stabilize forest carbon and account for risks in climate change mitigation policies. This approach aims to balance immediate loss with long-term storage, promoting forest carbon sequestration.
Studies using rodents demonstrate how sensory stimuli linked to social contacts modify neural connections involved in food choice, highlighting the importance of social transmission of food preferences. This mechanism may be deficient in individuals with autistic disorders, contributing to their social difficulties.
Biological scientist Deborah Matthews discovers four new species of plume moths in the Bahamas, expanding the island's known biodiversity. The discoveries add to the growing understanding of the importance of plume moths in their ecosystems.
A new blood test shows promise in replacing liver biopsies for children with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), a condition affecting one in 10 children. The test detects different types of fats in the blood, indicating inflammation and scarring.
Researchers at NIST have created a compact apparatus that rapidly measures the entire infrared band of light to detect biological, chemical, and physical properties of matter. The system successfully detects signature vibrations of amide bands in a monoclonal antibody reference material, providing insights into protein structure.
A new study suggests that sleep disturbances are associated with mental health problems among survivors of a natural disaster, even two years after the event. The research found significant positive correlations between sleep disturbances and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and symptoms of depression.
A study published at the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition's annual meeting found a significant correlation between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in junk food and food allergy in children. Researchers observed higher levels of AGEs in children with food allergies compared to those with ...
The new MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study will investigate chronic conditions affecting people living with HIV, such as cardiovascular and lung disease, diabetes, and cancer. Researchers will also examine the impact of age, race, ethnicity, and health disparities on HIV-related comorbidities.
A new study published by University of Pittsburgh researchers found that removing excess fluid too quickly from critically ill patients with failing kidneys increases the likelihood of death. For every 0.5 milliliter increase in fluid removed per kilogram of patient weight per hour, risk of death increases.
Researchers discovered that positive and negative ions in RTILs form neutral pairs or clusters, but emerge as charged particles due to thermal fluctuations, sustaining conductivity. This 'relay race' of charges is similar to crystalline semiconductors, offering potential for new applications in supercapacitors, fuel cells, and batteries.
A new study found that only seven out of 513 social service policies include material on healthy sleep education for children, with the majority focusing on compliance-driven standards. The research highlights the need for policy recommendations to promote trauma-informed care and integrate healthy sleep into existing programs.
The study reveals that self-driving cars will collect highly contextual data on passengers' habits, routines, movements, and preferences. This data can be monetized by companies to target customers through personalized advertising and marketing.