Researchers found that different clay minerals interact with organic matter to varying degrees, affecting carbon sequestration. Smectite and kaolinite form stable complexes with organic substances, while mica and chlorite bind tightly with continental carbon.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in understanding the role of microglia in neuroinflammation, a hallmark of degenerative brain diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease. Studies show that changes in microglial cells can trigger hyperexcitability in the brain, leading to decreased sociability and motivation.
Insects are moving northwards in response to climate change, but often find no suitable habitats for settlement. Habitat availability plays a crucial role in determining expansion rates, with some species thriving in certain conditions while others struggle.
Patients who received courteous care during blood draws reported a 390% reduction in pain perception, with 82% experiencing excellent pain control. Empathetic providers were found to make a substantial difference in patient experience.
Scientists at Tokyo Tech achieve unprecedented precision in localizing biomolecules within intact cells using cryogenic fluorescence microscopy. The technique corrects the 'dipole orientation effect', a major limitation in fluorescence microscopy, resulting in nanometer-level accuracy.
Researchers have discovered a protective protein called haptoglobin that prevents free hemoglobin from damaging neurons after brain hemorrhage. By administering purified haptoglobin directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, they were able to prevent vasospasms and block toxic effects.
Researchers developed a new technology to produce flexible 3D medical devices by selectively bonding polymeric thin films using plasma. This method overcomes limitations of existing flexible 3D structures, enabling mass production with customized shapes and wire patterns.
New UBC research finds a higher risk of severe tears with unassisted episiotomies, while assisted births like forceps deliveries show some protection against perineal injury. The study suggests caution in applying general guidelines for all vaginal deliveries.
A University of Oklahoma-led study found a significant increase in photosynthesis in the Amazon rainforest during the dry season, as measured by satellite-based solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. The study provides new insights into the dynamics of Amazonian photosynthesis and its impact on global atmospheric carbon concentrations.
A new study in rats reveals the extent of brain damage caused by short-term maternal abuse, which can lead to fear and memory problems. Researchers also found that the combination of stress and abuse can restrict growth of certain parts of the brain, leading to behavioral problems.
A large Canadian study found episiotomy can reduce the risk of severe perineal tears in instrument-assisted vaginal deliveries, particularly among first-time mothers. The rate of severe perineal tears has increased in Canada due to improved detection and reporting, affecting up to 15% of births.
Research analyzed over 275,000 restaurant reviews to find differences in reader perception based on the platform where reviews were generated. Mobile reviews were associated with lower likes and consumption value compared to laptop or desktop reviews.
Listeners prefer songs with balanced uncertain expectations, suggesting a 'reward for learning'. Medium complexity musical fragments with counterbalancing uncertain and predictable events yield the highest preference ratings.
The XDiscovery Lab at Dartmouth has introduced three innovative technologies: TipText, a finger-based keyboard for wearables; Tessutivo, a conductive fabric that interacts with objects; and Proxino, a tool for testing virtual circuits in the physical world. These advancements bring humans closer to devices and could enable new forms of...
A dated evolutionary tree for butterflies and moths reveals they diversified 300 million years ago, earlier than previously thought. The study supports the hypothesis that Lepidoptera coevolved with flowering plants but not with echolocating bats.
Developed by Chung-Ang University researchers, the new exosuit helps users walk and run more efficiently while reducing energy expenditure. It features a fabric vest, wires, and batteries, weighing just 5kg and automatically switching between walking and running modes.
Researchers have successfully created an efficient quantum-mechanical light-matter interface using a microscopic cavity, enabling interactions between individual photons and artificial atoms. The experiment demonstrates the potential for new quantum technological applications in photonics and quantum information processing.
Researchers developed a method to calculate truck stops along routes, confirming toll roads are eco-friendly and economically viable. The study uses data from Yandex.Traffic and GLONASS/GPS systems to promote efficient routes.
Researchers at Washington University and USF Health developed a peptide-based nanoparticle that delivers siRNA to suppress KRAS-driven cancer growth without adverse effects. The nanoparticles effectively target tumor cells, reducing tumor cell death and slowing cancer growth.
Dr. Mark A. Warner has made significant contributions to the field of anesthesiology through his work on patient care, academic leadership, and scientific discovery. He is a past president of the American Society of Anesthesiologists and has led initiatives in perioperative surgical home model of care.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have discovered a composite metal foam (CMF) material that surpasses traditional aluminum in leading-edge characteristics. The infused CMF exhibits improved contact angle, insect adhesion, and particle wear resistance, making it an attractive alternative for aircraft wing components.
Researchers at Indiana University have discovered a previously unknown role of protein pili in helping bacteria reel in DNA. The study's findings may help inform strategies to stop bacterial infection and combat antibiotic resistance, which is estimated to cause 10 million deaths by 2050.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have successfully developed an artificial leaf that can directly produce syngas, a widely-used gas currently made from fossil fuels, in a sustainable way. The device uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce clean gas without releasing additional carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Pensoft's new data audit process ensures datasets are fit-to-use prior to peer review, saving time and effort for authors and reviewers. The workflow applies principles of FAIR data and is applicable to data linked from external repositories.
A new group cognitive-behavioral therapy program is being used to help parents of children with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) improve their child's mealtime behaviors. The program, known as the Picky Eaters Clinic, has reported life-changing improvements in parents and their children.
Tropical Storm Neoguri is undergoing extratropical transition due to southwesterly wind shear, resulting in elongated storm structure and weakened convection. The system's maximum sustained winds near 40 knots (46 mph) are expected to decrease within 12 hours.
Researchers discovered a Neandertal-made tar-backed tool from the North Sea, revealing the use of complex technology by Neandertals. The tool, dated to approximately 50,000 years old, suggests a considerable investment of resources in its production and maintenance.
A new special issue of World Development examines the ways forests serve to alleviate poverty around the world. Research highlights the importance of forests in promoting broader prosperity, including through community-based forest enterprises, ecotourism, and ecosystem services.
Researchers have recorded the loudest bird calls yet documented, reaching sound pressure levels three times that of screaming pihas. The white bellbird's mating songs are so loud they pose a risk to female hearing, sparking questions about the evolutionary advantages behind this extraordinary trait.
Researchers use gravity crystals to study the physics of white dwarf stars, shedding light on Wigner crystallization and its application to these celestial bodies. The discovery reveals similar behavior between gravity crystals and white dwarf stars, highlighting the robust nature of this phenomenon.
Researchers analyzed brain samples from two mutant HD gene positive individuals and found massive inflammation and similar gene expression patterns in the striatum compared to the prefrontal cortex. Unique patterns were also observed in the striatum, suggesting active neurogenesis during the disease process.
A new study estimates that the western South Atlantic humpback whale population has grown to 25,000, recovering more quickly than previously thought. The population was depleted to only 450 whales in the early 1900s due to intense whaling pressure.
Scientists discovered that bacterial cell division requires both mechanical and biological processes. The study found that a build-up of mechanical stress in the cell wall is necessary before division occurs, and can even be triggered by physical pressure.
New research reveals that immune cells called microglia are active during sleep, rewiring brain connections and repairing damage. Microglia's interaction with neurotransmitters like norepinephrine regulates their activity, suggesting a link between sleep and brain health.
Global REDD+ fund allocation scenarios optimize carbon reduction for a moderate cost increase in biodiversity conservation. Adding ambition to equity targets significantly improves outcomes without reducing the effect of funding on carbon and biodiversity results.
A new techno-economic analysis reveals the cold sintering process offers financial and environmental benefits for ceramic manufacturers. The study found that using CSP reduces energy use and capital costs, making it the most economically attractive option for producing ceramics.
New research presents alarming findings on ketamine infusion therapy for pain management, revealing that over a third of patients experience hallucinations, visual disturbances, and other adverse effects. The study emphasizes the importance of cautious approach to using ketamine as an opioid alternative.
Researchers at Aalto University have studied the dynamics of quantum knots, finding that they untie themselves within a short period before forming a vortex. This discovery opens up new avenues for experimental research and suggests that quantum knots may be more unstable than previously thought.
A new machine learning algorithm identified individuals with probable familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) for the first time at a national scale, reducing the number of people needed to be screened. The FIND FH model performed comparably well on diverse healthcare data and has been implemented in several US healthcare systems.
A new study from Cornell University researchers found that computational education can foster intercultural learning and unlikely friendships between students from diverse backgrounds. Despite initial resistance, the structure of the class enabled cooperation and bonding among students from different ethnic groups.
Researchers at Salk Institute create mouse blastocyst-like structures from single cultured cells, mimicking the natural developmental process. The blastoids can form a ball with an inner and outer layer, accumulating proteins that induce expression of proteins to build what could eventually become a placenta.
Using audio recordings, researchers found that listening to speech patterns allowed strangers to accurately predict social class, age, gender, and race more than half the time. Speech patterns were less accurate for social class judgments compared to other categories, suggesting they may perpetuate social inequality.
Dr. Kathleen Neuzil's pivotal research informed global vaccine policy, saving millions worldwide. As a member of the National Academy of Medicine, she will continue to shape public health policy.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have developed a new therapeutic approach to treat symptoms associated with PTEN deficiency, which is linked to autism and other neurological disorders. The treatment targets the mTORC2 complex and has shown promising results in reversing behavioral abnormalities and reducing seizures in mice.
A new study reveals that climate warming has shifted the onset location of strong El Niño events from the eastern Pacific to the western Pacific, causing more frequent extreme events. This shift is linked to increased sea surface temperatures in the western Pacific warm pool and easterly winds in the central Pacific.
Dr. Judith Hellman has been awarded the American Society of Anesthesiologists' Excellence in Research Award for her groundbreaking research on sepsis and inflammatory critical illness. Her discoveries have led to improved understanding of inflammation, immune function, and potential treatments for sepsis.
A comprehensive review of studies found a positive association between high dairy consumption and increased prostate cancer risk. In contrast, plant-based diets were associated with decreased risks of prostate cancer.
A team of researchers at KAUST has developed a mathematical bridge between high-level symbolic representations and statistical data, enabling artificial intelligence algorithms to make use of vast stores of symbolic knowledge. This breakthrough could lead to significant improvements in machine learning and biomedical applications.
Researchers found that coarser radar data provide comparable and sometimes superior results to high-resolution laser scanning data in monitoring forest biodiversity. Better, standardized ground-based biodiversity data are needed nationwide for more effective monitoring.
Researchers evaluated six options, including afforestation, wetland restoration, and soil carbon sequestration, finding they contribute positively to ecosystem services and SDGs. However, some options require risk management to avoid negative impacts on food production and clean water.
A study found that a perfect storm of events led to the decline of California's bull kelp forests, resulting in the loss of over 90% of kelp and 96% of red abalone. Purple sea urchin populations exploded, devouring all available food sources. However, researchers are exploring urchin ranching as a potential solution to restore kelp beds.
Scientists have found millimeter- to centimeter-sized wood fragments in sediment cores from the Bengal Fan, a large deposit in the Bay of Bengal. This discovery suggests that wood burial at continental margins may be a previously overlooked component of carbon sequestration.
A Dartmouth study found that healthcare providers' expectations can influence patients' perceptions of treatment effectiveness, even with placebo treatments. Patients reported less pain and indicated higher efficacy when doctors expected the treatment to work.
Researchers used plasma physics to study how volcanic ash modifies standing shock wave height, width, and lifetime. This discovery enables the tracking of standing shock waves in laboratory experiments, potentially leading to improved ash estimates and early predictions of hazardous plumes.
Researchers at TU Wien have developed a new bioprinting process that integrates living cells into fine structures created in a 3D printer, achieving high resolution and speed. This technique allows for the control of cell behavior and growth, enabling studies on tissue development and disease spread.
A major study across 195 countries found that global death rates for pancreatic cancer and incidence rates for colorectal cancer increased by 10% between 1990 and 2017. The study also reported significant increases in cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a rise in obesity-related risk factors for pancreatic cancer.
The University of Virginia has earned a national grant to establish a graduate course that explores the complex ethical, legal, and policy implications of new technologies. The course, called Innovation in the Public Interest, will be offered through UVA's schools of engineering, law, and politics.
A team at DIII-D National Fusion Facility used a rugged magnetic sensor and high-performance computing to capture fast ion fluctuations. This data will help improve computer models that interpret the behavior of fast ions, enabling real-time control and efficient heating of plasma in future reactors.
A new discovery reveals that mouse X and Y chromosomes compete to produce female versus male offspring, with genes on the X favoring daughters and genes on the Y favoring sons. IVF fertilization can reverse this imbalance.
Stephan Grupp, a leading pediatric oncologist, has been elected to the National Academy of Medicine for his groundbreaking work in cell and gene therapy. He is recognized for developing an entirely novel therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and leading the first global engineered cell therapy trial.
A new study reveals that moths evolved 'ears' millions of years before the emergence of bats, challenging the long-held hypothesis that bats drove this adaptation. Fossil analysis and genetic data confirm that flowering plants played a key role in shaping moth diversity.
A research team developed a new machine learning approach called UniRep to predict protein functions and identify optimal amino acid sequences. The method was trained on 24 million protein sequences and accurately predicted features such as protein stability and secondary structure.
Researchers discovered a two-atom catalyst that enables efficient oxygen production from water under low-light conditions. The study's findings mimic the activation of photosystem II during photosynthesis, suggesting that similar two-atom catalytic cores might be suitable for achieving efficient water splitting.
A new study of nearly 11,000 youth followed for 14 years found that adolescents who play contact sports are not more likely to experience cognitive impairment, depression, or suicidal thoughts later in life. In fact, football players were less likely to suffer from depression in early adulthood compared to other groups.
Companies can mitigate risks by strengthening every vendor handling their data, according to new research from American University. High-profile breaches have shown that even strong cybersecurity measures are not enough if vendors are weak.
Researchers discovered a mechanism behind malaria's severe complications: an immune reaction that damages the patient's own tissue. The parasite triggers an escalation of neutrophil activity, leading to organ failure and death in severe cases.
Researchers tracked the disruption of gut microbes after antibiotics, finding that some individuals experienced long-term changes to their microbiome. The study used bioinformatic tools to analyze fecal samples from 30 young adults who received single or triple antibiotic treatments.
Researchers found that even the tallest ice cliffs will support their own weight rather than collapsing catastrophically, with slower ice shelf removal leading to slow sloughing away. This challenges previous predictions of rapid sea-level rise from Antarctica.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered a functional link between noncoding DNA regions called Pitx2 enhancers and the expression of the Pitx2 gene in relation to atrial fibrillation. This interaction prevents predisposition to the condition by looping and folding distant Pitx2 enhancers to make contact with the gene.
A multidisciplinary team at Argonne National Laboratory has developed a powerful technique to probe the crystalline structure of cathode materials in three dimensions. This breakthrough could lead to improved understanding and performance of next-generation batteries.
Women with anemia are at high risk of postpartum hemorrhage and other complications after cesarean delivery. Early screening for iron deficiency can help prevent these issues by prescribing oral iron supplements or IV therapy as needed, potentially reducing blood transfusions.
A major new study reveals how socio-economic migration within the UK has affected the geographic distribution of human DNA linked to traits such as education levels and health. Regional variations in human DNA have long been known to reflect distant ancestry differences.
Researchers have found that white sharks gather in large numbers at seal nurseries, forming persistent communities that persist for years. The study used photo-identification and network analysis to show that the apex predators choose who they hang with, driven by sex-dependent patterns of visitation.
Research in animals shows that chronic stress during pregnancy triggers an immune response in the brain, leading to potential changes in brain functions. The study found that stressed rats showed evidence of neuroinflammation and increased activity levels of microglia, suggesting a link between gestational stress and postpartum depress...
Researchers have identified a new mechanism by which cancer cells become resistant to ferroptosis, a type of cell death. A molecule called FSP1 acts as a lipid antioxidant, rescuing cancer cells from ferroptosis even when they are starved of GPX4.
A study by Harvard Medical School found that local researchers from sub-Saharan Africa are often excluded from first and senior author positions when collaborating with high-income country authors. This bias affects representation of local authors, particularly in top-tier universities.
The US Department of Education has awarded WPI an $8 million grant to scale and expand the ASSISTments online learning tool, proven effective in improving middle school math scores, to all 50 states. The five-year project will focus on high-needs middle school math students and their teachers in predominantly rural areas.
Researchers have developed porous polymer coatings that can reversibly switch their optical transmittance in solar and thermal wavelengths, enabling dynamic control of light and heat in buildings. The coatings can regulate indoor temperatures and light levels, making them suitable for heating, cooling, and lighting applications.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals new bonding configurations for nitrogen and oxygen atoms in graphene. Researchers found that oxygen atoms can form three bonds with carbon neighbors, contradicting the traditional understanding of their bonding behavior.
Studies of autism spectrum disorder have identified new features of the condition in the brain, including the role of placental hormones and gene editing technologies. These findings may contribute to the development of therapeutic treatments for individuals with ASD.
Researchers used supercomputer simulations to study magnetic reconnection, a process that releases kinetic energy in the universe. The simulations revealed a previously unknown role for the Biermann battery effect, which impacts magnetic reconnection in unexpected ways.
The JILA team has demonstrated a highly accurate timekeeping signal by combining data from multiple atomic clocks. The system outperforms existing hubs and offers the possibility of providing more accurate time to millions of customers worldwide.
Researchers propose a framework to understand AI decisions, incorporating interpretability into the training process. The framework improved time and accuracy without compromising performance in a proof-of-concept experiment using R-CNN.
Researchers at DIII-D National Fusion Facility demonstrated a new approach to injecting microwaves into fusion plasma, doubling the efficiency of critical technique. This method uses novel geometry to deliver substantial improvements in plasma current drive, paving the way for more efficient compact fusion power plants.
The sunshield has passed a test critical to preparing the observatory for launch, with technicians deploying and tensioning each of its five layers. The deployment simulates the conditions it will face in space, with temperatures ranging from -394°F to 230°F.
Binghamton University researchers aim to develop islet-like organoids that can produce insulin, addressing the shortage of usable islets in current treatments. The project uses induced pluripotent stem cells and oxygen-releasing materials to create microenvironments for controlled cell differentiation.
Researchers found that male deer's dark belly stains contain compounds revealing age, dominance, and physical condition. The intensity of these signals varies depending on the competitive context of the deer community.
Rat pups exposed to infant maltreatment exhibit elevated stress-hormone levels, amygdala, hippocampus, and social behavior deficits. These changes are influenced by the presence or absence of a nurturing mother, highlighting specific effects of stress and social context on brain and behavioral development.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a new radiation therapy method that targets pancreatic cancer cells directly, reducing side effects. The treatment uses a radioactive molecule that binds to specific proteins on stroma cells surrounding tumors, delivering high-energy doses of radiation to cancer tissue.
Researchers found that nearly half of the study sites are the driest they have been for the last 1,000 years, with cutting, drainage, burning, and grazing contributing to peatland drying. The combined pressure of climate change and human impacts threatens these critical carbon-storing ecosystems.
Researchers found evidence of rapid ocean surface acidification following the Chicxulub asteroid impact, which may have contributed to the K-Pg mass extinction. The study suggests that this acidification led to a significant reduction in global marine primary productivity, lasting up to 40,000 years.
A school-based HPV vaccination program in British Columbia has significantly reduced cervical pre-cancer rates among women, with a 57% reduction found in those vaccinated as Grade 6 girls compared to unvaccinated women. Regular cervical screening is crucial in preventing cervical cancer from developing.
A randomized clinical trial in Japan investigated whether avoiding cow's milk formula supplements breastfeeding to decrease the risk of sensitization to cow's milk protein or food allergies. The study involved about 300 newborns and found that this approach may be effective in reducing the risk of these conditions.
A new study by Duke University predicts that switching to natural gas will save 12,000 billion gallons a year by 2030, while solar and wind power yield even greater savings. These reductions come despite increased water use from fracking and shale gas production.
Scientists at the University of Colorado Boulder have developed a way to create tiny schools of molecular 'fish' using liquid crystals. These deformations, which can twirl together as a group and interact with each other, could lead to new interactive display technologies.
A new study reveals that northern peatlands store 1.1 trillion tons of carbon, more than humans have emitted to the atmosphere through fossil fuels. The findings suggest that these boggy areas play a crucial role in the carbon cycle and climate change.
A study published in Current Biology found that pig-tailed macaques actively search for and hunt rats, a major pest of palm oil crops. By controlling rat populations, the macaques can reduce crop damage by up to 3%, leading to increased yield and sustainability.
A study of over 14,000 participants found associations between specific cigarette characteristics and lung cancer outcomes. Researchers analyzed data from a lung screening trial to investigate the impact of cigarette filter status, tar level, and menthol flavor on lung cancer outcomes.
A new catalyst developed by Stanford University engineers can convert carbon dioxide into fuels like ethane, propane, and butane, yielding four times more fuel than existing methods. The breakthrough could significantly reduce the near-term impact on global warming.
Researchers discovered a single nucleotide mutation in P. aeruginosa that caused rapid resistance to ceftolozane-tazobactam and partial resensitization to carbapenems and piperacilline-tazobactam. This finding may enable the use of these antibiotics in treating extremely drug-resistant P. aeruginosa cases.
The Plasma Liner Experiment is testing a novel plasma fusion concept while providing insights into the physics of colliding plasma jets. Experiments are also helping to validate simulations crucial for understanding and developing other controlled fusion schemes.
A study found that fine particulate matter increased by 5% between 2016-2018, leading to 9,700 additional premature deaths and $89 billion damages. The rise was associated with economic activity, wildfires, and decreased enforcement of the Clean Air Act.
A pilot program introducing safer mining practices in Nigerian gold mining communities has reduced blood lead levels among miners by 32%. The study, published in the British Medical Journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine, also found that women miners experienced lower reductions in lead levels. The project's success demonstrat...
Researchers at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory developed new mathematical tools to forecast when waves will cool plasma and quench fusion reactions. A second beam injected at a different angle can suppress the effect of waves, providing new methods for maintaining plasma confinement.
A team from ISGlobal developed a new statistical climate model that can predict El Niño episodes up to two-and-a-half years in advance, improving long-term forecasts. The model uses sea temperatures and winds in the tropical Pacific as predictor variables.
Columbia University researchers have captured the most detailed images yet of a temperature-sensing molecule in its open, intermediate, and closed states. The findings will help us understand the mechanics of hot and cold sensation, which could accelerate the development of drugs for inflammatory skin disease, itch, and pain.
A recent study analyzed over 4.7 million mtDNA sequences from GenBank and found fewer errors than predicted, with less than 1% of sequences mislabeled. The researchers identified potential sources of error, such as human or lab animal contamination, but overall found GenBank to be a reliable tool for environmental DNA identification.
Scientists have doubled the highest electron energy ever produced by a laser plasma accelerator, reaching 7.8 billion electron volts (GeV) in an 8-inch-long plasma. This breakthrough is crucial for building next-generation particle colliders that accelerate electrons to extreme energies.
A study found that mothers have a positive influence on adult children's health, while fathers are often seen as 'cautionary tales' about poor health behaviors. Mothers tend to be supportive and available when needed, whereas fathers may encourage unhealthy habits.
Researchers found that American Indians experience a higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AFib) than other racial and ethnic groups. The study analyzed 300,000 new cases of AFib in California residents between 2005 and 2011, revealing that American Indians had an average of 7.5 AFib cases per year per thousand patients.
Typhoon Bualoi rapidly intensified over 24 hours, developing an eye and powerful thunderstorms. The storm's organization and strength were assessed using satellite imagery provided by NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite.
Adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia experience neurocognitive deficits and reduced exercise capacity due to their disease and treatment. However, a minor improvement in exercise tolerance may have a significant impact on survivors' intellectual health, improving performance on neuropsychological tests.
Scientists warn that large-scale afforestation in African savannas will destroy valuable ecological, agricultural, and tourist areas. The plan, aimed at mitigating climate change, is considered irresponsible due to its potential to increase wildfire intensity and exacerbate global warming.
The American Society of Anesthesiologists has recognized Dr. Jerome M. Klafta's outstanding contributions to medical education, with a focus on innovative program development and cultivating the next generation of physician anesthesiologists.
A study led by UC San Francisco has found antibodies against enterovirus in the spinal fluid of nearly 70% of AFM patients, but not in non-AFM patients. This evidence suggests that AFM is caused by an enterovirus invading and impairing the central nervous system.
A new method enables automatic replication of detailed 3D shapes in a digital environment, overcoming the challenge of replicating cube-style shapes. The algorithm captures realistic cubic style and allows users to create new shapes resembling the input shape.
Screening for ever-smokers with high lung cancer risk and long life-expectancy can prevent more deaths than current guidelines. A new study suggests using gains in life expectancy as a criterion to select candidates for screening, which could improve the balance of benefits and harms.
Researchers report a shift in El Niño onset from the eastern Pacific to the western Pacific, leading to more frequent and intense extreme events. Climate models predict further intensification under anthropogenic climate change.
Researchers discovered significant lead pollution at Kincaid Mounds site due to galena processing and use by Native Americans. Sediment core samples revealed higher lead levels during the pre-Columbian period, tracing back to galena deposits in Missouri and the Upper Mississippi Valley.
Researchers developed a neural network, PatchFCN, trained on 4,396 CT scans to detect brain hemorrhage abnormalities with accuracy similar to human experts. The algorithm achieved high accuracy and pixel-level delineation, classifying abnormalities into different pathological subtypes.
A research team has identified a novel caloric restriction mimetic, 3,4-dimethoxychalcone, which induces autophagy and promotes longevity. The substance may prove useful in treating age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Tropical Storm Priscilla made landfall in western Mexico on October 20, causing widespread rainfall accumulations. The storm dissipated by nightfall, leaving behind remnants that moved northwards.
Conflict events repeatedly reversed a declining phase of the Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo, according to researchers. Vaccination effectiveness was severely impacted by preceding unrest and subsequent conflict events, dropping from 52% to 4.8%.
New approaches in transcriptomics are providing single cell views of brain development and disease, including cellular processes associated with addiction and degeneration. These studies highlight the potential of transcriptomics to probe molecular changes within brain cells during normal development or diseases such as Alzheimer's and...
Research team finds wood chips from ancient trees dating back 19 million years in ocean core samples, revealing a previously unrecognized way carbon remains locked away for millions of years. The discovery suggests that the amount of carbon exported and buried by modern rivers may be 50% greater than previously thought.
A £4 million EU-funded study is investigating the likelihood of abrupt changes in Antarctica's ice sheets, which could lead to a large and irreversible rise in global sea levels. The researchers aim to assess the chances of Antarctica's ice sheets entering an unstable retreat caused by thinning or disappearance of ice shelves.
Researchers have discovered seven distinct combinations of yeast species in bottles of beer, wine, and cider, highlighting the complexity of brewing traditions. The study found that some yeasts were hybrids of as many as four species, and that specific genetic traits contribute to the characteristics of fermented beverages.
A study by researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago found that one in eight pharmacies in the US closed between 2009 and 2015. Independent pharmacies in urban areas are disproportionately affected, with nearly half closing due to lack of access to preferred pharmacy networks and 340B contracts.
A new CRISPR approach called prime editing has been developed by combining two key proteins and a new RNA to make targeted insertions, deletions, and single-letter changes in human cells. The system expands the scope of gene editing with up to 89% precision and potential correction of disease-causing genetic variations.
Researchers have discovered that injecting frozen hydrogen fuel pellets into a fusion reactor's plasma can help repair tears in the surrounding magnetic field, reducing magnetic island instabilities. This approach may improve the efficiency of future fusion power plants by freeing up resources needed for magnetic stability.
A study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that adapting the Hospital Elder Life Program for non-volunteers and family members can effectively prevent post-operative delirium. The tailored intervention reduced delirium occurrence by 19.4% compared to usual care, with greater functional and cognitive recovery afterwards.
Researchers have identified a new set of senolytic drugs that can selectively eliminate senescent cells, including those triggered by cancer and irradiation. These compounds, such as ouabain, are repurposed from existing heart medications to treat various diseases, including leukemia and lymphoma.
A study led by Drexel University showed that coloring and open-studio art therapy benefits stressed caregivers of cancer patients, reducing stress, anxiety, and burnout. The interventions improved positive affect, pleasure, and enjoyment while increasing desire to continue making art.
Beverly Davidson, a leading neuroscientist and gene therapy expert, has been elected to the National Academy of Medicine. Her research focuses on understanding neurodegeneration in inherited brain disorders and developing novel molecular medicines.
Theresa Cullen, a global health informatics researcher at Regenstrief Institute, has received the Leading for Impact award for driving transformation in health IT. She will present a fireside chat on leadership at the conference.
A new study has confirmed that a massive asteroid impact led to the extinction of dinosaurs and much of life on Earth. The impact caused rapid ocean acidification, which lasted for tens of thousands of years before life forms recovered and the carbon cycle reached a new equilibrium.
A comprehensive review of plant reproductive systems provides new perspectives on heterostyly, highlighting recent advances and unresolved questions. The study explores the ecology, evolution, genetics, and genomics of plant reproductive strategies, shedding light on their role in ecological interactions and evolutionary change.
A recent study reveals that half of the Earth's land surface remains relatively wild, but fragmented into small pieces, posing a threat to their future. The report identifies high-priority areas for protection, including remote boreal forests and tropical rainforests.
A team of scientists discovered that classic Belgian beers, including Gueuze and Trappist ales, are fermented with rare hybrid yeasts combining DNA from traditional ale yeast and stress-resistant feral yeasts. This unique adaptation allows for better fermentation capacity and special aromas.
Researchers developed a new approach to detect bacteria and viruses associated with cancers. By sequencing genomic data from tumors, they can identify pathogens linked to diseases such as stomach cancer and cervical cancer. The method holds promise for developing new cancer vaccines in the future.
A Yale study reveals that hiring managers judge candidates' competence and fitness for a job based on socioeconomic position inferred from brief speech patterns. The study shows that these snap perceptions influence hiring decisions in ways that perpetuate inequality.
Researchers from the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research have discovered a chaperone protein that affects CenH3 loading to centromeres, crucial for kinetochore assembly. This finding has potential applications in plant breeding, particularly in haploid induction, which can speed up breeding processes.
Pharmacy closures in the US are becoming increasingly common, with significant implications for patient access to essential medications and care. The research letter highlights several risk factors associated with closure, including demographic changes, consolidation of pharmacies, and regulatory issues.
A new AI algorithm developed by UCSF and UC Berkeley outperformed two out of four expert radiologists in detecting tiny brain hemorrhages on head scans. The algorithm achieved exam-level accuracy, tracing detailed outlines of abnormalities within the brain's three-dimensional structure.
A study published in PNAS reveals that corticobasal ganglia projecting neurons play a crucial role in song learning during juvenile development. In contrast, adult birds with disrupted projection neurons maintain their pre-learned song structure and exhibit normal vocal fluctuations.
Researchers found that cells on a tumor's periphery are softer and more likely to invade surrounding tissues. This softness enables the cells to spread through the body's vasculature, forming 'invasive tips' that break away from the tumor.
Shock wave physics studies material behavior under tremendous forces, with applications to nuclear and conventional weapons, astrophysics, and material synthesis. Sandia's achievements in shock wave science include the construction of the world's largest high frequency electromagnetic wave generator.
A large US study found that 1 in 5 patients was prescribed opioids after having a pacemaker or similar device implanted, with 80 percent having never taken opioids before. The study highlights the importance of improving postoperative pain management following cardiac device procedures to reduce opioid prescriptions.
Researchers discovered 48 genetic variations associated with brainstem and subcortical structure volumes, including those related to diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The study's findings may lead to novel drug targets for treating these conditions.
Studies show intestinal bacterial imbalance linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease and traumatic brain injury. Probiotics may improve brain function by altering the gut microbiome, reducing amyloid beta plaque and memory deficits.
A team of neuroengineers at Columbia University has uncovered the steps that take place in the brain to pick out one voice from among many. The auditory cortex, the brain's listening center, decodes and amplifies one voice over others at lightning-fast speeds, with two areas, Heschl's gyrus (HG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG), playi...
UCI researchers found that as trees and plants conserve water due to high CO2 levels, soil moisture builds up underground, leading to increased rain runoff. This 'forest effect' can significantly impact river dynamics, particularly in regions like the Mississippi River basin.
A Yale University study reveals that the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event was triggered by a sharp drop in ocean acidity, leading to the demise of marine calcifiers and a 50% decline in species productivity. The research provides new insights into the recovery of marine life after the event.
The KAUST team developed porous membranes from recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), reducing the energy used in chemical separation processes. The membranes can withstand high temperatures and separate molecules of different sizes.
Researchers have discovered a tiny, fully functional extra finger in the aye-aye's hand, which is believed to aid in gripping and mobility. The pseudothumb is composed of both bone and cartilage and has three distinct muscles that enable movement and force.
Scientists at NIF recreate stellar-like conditions to study nucleosynthesis reactions, including the 3He-3He reaction responsible for nearly half of our sun's energy generation. Preliminary results show that protons from this reaction have been observed in these experiments at lower temperatures.
A recent twin study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease found a strong correlation between good cardiovascular health and improved cognitive function. The research suggests that adopting an ideal lifestyle with low CVH scores may not only reduce heart disease but also lower dementia risk.
Researchers at UMass Amherst and a Brazilian institute recorded the loudest bird calls ever documented by dove-sized male white bellbirds. The calls have sound pressure levels about three times that of screaming pihas, another Amazon species.
Researchers have discovered a new species of deep-water coral, Psammogorgia pax, in the Pacific Ocean off Panama. This find is significant for its contribution to understanding the ecology and biodiversity of mesophotic coral communities, which are difficult to access and require increased protection.
A Northwestern University research team discovered similarities in RNA folding among riboswitches, which could impact the design of future RNA-specific therapeutics and synthetic biology tools. The findings could also inform efforts to treat diseases triggered by RNA-level misfolding.