A recent study found that certain types of crime, such as robbery and car theft, increase at a faster rate than the population in larger cities. In contrast, rape grows only linearly with city size. The researchers suggest that social interactions play a key role in the growth of these crimes.
Samantha Kleinberg is developing artificial intelligence that provides personalized information to patients, enabling them to actively manage their health. The research focuses on using wearable data and machine learning to identify causes of diseases and develop more usable algorithms that consider human factors.
Stevens researchers create technology to detect skin lesions and determine if they are cancerous or benign using millimeter-wave radiation. The device could reduce unnecessary biopsies by 50% and disrupt the $5.3 billion diagnostic market for skin cancer.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is leading a $20 million project to create a platform for testing novel internet architectures. FABRIC, funded by the National Science Foundation, will allow scientists to explore what a new internet could look like at scale.
Researchers found that depression is not a significant predictor of suicide attempts among certain racial and ethnic groups, highlighting the need for tailored risk profiles. Protective factors like religiosity among black adults may also play a role in reducing suicidal thoughts.
Researchers discovered over 1,400 substances in plastics but only identified 260 of them, highlighting the challenge of assessing their safety. The study found that three out of four everyday products contained toxic chemicals, with PVC and PUR being the most toxic.
Researchers found distinct shifts in fruit fly genomes after feeding them different bacteria, racking up significant genomic changes. The study suggests that microbial community composition drives part of how organisms evolve.
A recent study of a 10 million-year-old fossil has revealed that human ancestors may not have been as ape-like as previously thought. The Rudapithecus pelvis suggests that early human ancestors had more flexible lower backs, allowing them to stand upright and walk efficiently on two legs.
A new special issue of Landscape Ecology assesses the state of science on landscape pattern analysis, highlighting its implications for resource sustainability and ecosystem health. The issue includes articles on current problems, new approaches, and promising research directions.
A UK study found that the proportion of younger adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has increased since the start of the century. Younger cases have a more aggressive metabolic profile, including higher BMI, blood glucose levels, and cholesterol levels. This trend is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality.
Researchers found that strains predicted to be more sensitive to T6SS were able to coexist with aggressor strains, challenging the traditional assumption of a 'winner-take-all' result. The study suggests that genetics and environmental factors play a significant role in determining competition outcomes.
A recent study analyzed four popular David Attenborough series, finding that Netflix's Our Planet dedicated more time to environmental threats and conservation than the BBC's Blue Planet II. The researchers highlight the lack of visual depictions of human impacts on nature in these documentaries.
Scientists have discovered a 62-million-year-old bird species in New Zealand, which is one of the oldest named bird species in the world. The discovery of Protodontopteryx ruthae sheds new light on the evolution of seabirds and their adaptation to different environments.
A new study finds that drawing blood cultures after starting antimicrobial treatment can result in a significant loss of available clinical information. The study suggests that drawing blood cultures prior to treatment may be more effective in identifying the bacteria causing the infection and selecting the right antibiotic.
Researchers have found clues to Huntington's disease origins in early brain development, using a new technology that manipulates human embryonic stem cells. The study takes the developmental timeframe back further than previous work, revealing dramatic effects on tissue structures.
A West Virginia University chemical engineer is developing an online monitoring tool using AI to predict boiler behaviors and optimize power plant operations. The project aims to reduce forced outages, increase flexibility and profitability, and improve the nation's existing coal-fired power fleet.
Researchers found that electronic pill bottles and two-way text messaging increased medication adherence to over 80%, but didn't lower blood pressure levels. The study's results highlight the need for more effective strategies to manage hypertension.
A pilot study by Desert Research Institute found high levels of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and butane at cannabis growing facilities in Nevada and California. These chemicals can contribute to ground-level ozone formation, posing health risks to workers and residents.
Researchers develop non-invasive method to evaluate bone structure using ultrasound, potentially enabling early osteoporosis detection and treatment assessment. The technique also shows promise in distinguishing between tumors and healthy tissue in laboratory rats.
A randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of two surgical methods: vaginal mesh hysteropexy and hysterectomy with ligament suspension. The study included 175 postmenopausal women and found that vaginal mesh hysteropexy was better at preventing prolapse symptoms, but further research is needed for definitive results.
Researchers have developed a new method for creating mirror-symmetric axes in the polarizations of light, enabling complex manipulations useful in optical tools and technologies. The design, inspired by kaleidoscope symmetry, allows for tightly focused fields with various shapes and introduces elliptical polarization.
A study by the University of Connecticut and University of Saskatchewan found that married CEOs tend to prioritize employee well-being and diversity, while non-married CEOs do not. Married CEOs are more likely to support hiring and promoting women, minorities, and disabled employees.
A randomized clinical trial found that combining behavioral and physical therapy before and after midurethral sling surgery improved symptoms of mixed urinary incontinence. However, the small difference may not be clinically significant due to a lack of established thresholds for minimal clinically important differences.
Researchers identified early metabolic features that can predict susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in children, including low HDL cholesterol and chronic inflammation. These findings may help prevent young people from developing the disease.
Researchers found that two Sphagnum species in the Le Forbonnet peatland can survive extreme temperatures and droughts. This suggests that preserving peatlands is crucial for mitigating climate change.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have isolated transition metal compounds of nitrous oxide, which provide clues into its potential use in sustainable chemical technologies. The discovery offers a valuable reference point in the field and is likely to stimulate future catalyst developments.
A recent study found that men at high risk for breast cancer can benefit from mammography screening. The study involved 1,869 men who had a mammogram between 2005 and 2017, with 41 men diagnosed with breast cancer.
A new technique allows police to analyze exterior packaging of suspected drug bags for safe handling, reducing accidental exposure to fentanyl. The method involves swiping the outside of a baggie and analyzing it for drugs using DART-MS.
Researchers at OIST have fabricated a novel glass and synthetic diamond foundation for tiny structures, offering a low-cost and sustainable alternative to current methods. The new substrate enables the creation of miniscule micro- and nanostructures with minimal waste.
Researchers identified differences in gut microbiome composition between physically high-functioning and low-functioning older adults. The study suggests that the gut microbiome plays a role in maintaining muscle strength in older adults, with mice colonized with fecal samples from high-functioning individuals showing increased grip st...
Researchers have identified colibactin-645 as the culprit of DNA double-strand breaks, revealing a new link between E. coli toxins and colorectal cancer risk. The discovery provides a model for designing potent DNA cleaving agents.
UTSW researchers identified a novel mechanism regulating fat creation in mammals. The miR-26 family of microRNAs strongly protects against weight gain and metabolic issues by controlling FBXL19 protein levels.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania found that radiation therapy given 30 days or less before CAR T infusion reduces the risk of serious cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. The therapy may also have potential benefits for NHL patients, according to researchers.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking design discovery that doubles the conductivity of indium oxide (ITO) transparent coatings, a crucial material for touch screens and solar cells. The new material, IMO, has twice the conductivity of ITO with half the thickness and amount of indium required.
Researchers found that bat influenza viruses acquire specific amino acid mutations in hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), enabling NA-independent growth. These changes facilitate viral spread without relying on the HA protein.
A new study found that North Atlantic haddock larvae use a magnetic compass to navigate the ocean, orienting towards the northwest. This discovery suggests that the larvae are equipped with an innate ability to detect and respond to the Earth's magnetic field.
Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia face a high risk of heart attack and stroke despite receiving multiple cholesterol-lowering treatments. The study found that only 52% of adults with FH meet LDL-cholesterol targets, highlighting the need for more aggressive treatment.
Researchers found that exposure to BMAA, a toxin produced by algae, can alter the structure of protein SOD1, leading to neurodegenerative disease ALS. The study suggests that studying patterns of SOD1 modifications may aid in developing lifestyle and preventative interventions for sporadic ALS.
The Compact X-ray Free Electron Laser (CXFEL) is a groundbreaking instrument that will help scientists explore various fields of research with spectacular clarity. The device, designed by physicist William Graves, is 100 times less expensive to build and operate than conventional XFELs, offering a precise tool for researchers.
A comparative microbiome study has identified significant differences in the composition of microbial communities between aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The researchers suggest that microorganisms may have played a key role in the evolutionary transition from purely aquatic life to life on land.
A study published in Neuron found that brain areas and patterns of interaction are similar regardless of navigation method, suggesting that sufficient information can be obtained from visual cues alone. The research suggests that even basic virtual reality systems may be useful in instructional applications.
Researchers developed a two-layer microchip that enables long-term tracking of stem cell development, overcoming technical challenges. The device allows for high-resolution imaging and manipulation of stem cells, enabling better control and understanding of differentiation processes.
A quarter of English teachers work more than 60 hours a week, with an average weekly worktime of 47 hours. This exceeds the OECD average and highlights the need for government reform to reduce teacher workload.
Most pups born in an elephant seal colony were produced by a small number of long-lived female seals, known as supermoms. These females dominated reproductive output, accounting for more than half of pup production.
Researchers found that female athletes had longer recovery trajectories and experienced more symptoms than males due to delayed presentation to specialist care. The study suggests that inequities in medical and athletic trainer coverage on the sidelines may contribute to these delays.
A study by neuroscientists from HSE University found that brain signals in the striatum and parietal cortex influence price adjustments in competitive markets. The results provide insight into the brain mechanisms at work when determining prices in such conditions.
Dr. Kristin L. Garlanger has been awarded the Ernest Bors, MD Award for Scientific Development by the Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. Her research explores functional outcomes in patients with co-occurring traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, shedding light on ways to tailor rehabilitation protocols to improve outcomes.
Scientists have made progress in understanding dark matter by studying the interactions between light and gas in intergalactic space. Researchers used simulations and observations of distant quasars to analyze the properties of primordial black holes, which could provide evidence for their role in explaining dark matter.
A UCI team developed a new technique for predicting wildfires' final size, focusing on specific ignitions that pose the greatest risk of getting out of control. The model can forecast whether a blaze will be small, medium or large by its end, helping allocate scarce firefighting resources.
Researchers have successfully corrected the genetic mutation responsible for Duchenne muscular dystrophy using CRISPR gene editing in muscle stem cells. The edited cells regenerated and produced dystrophin, suggesting a potential method for lifelong correction of the disorder.
A recent study published in Stem Cells found that bone marrow cells treated patients showed enhanced recovery compared to those who received conventional treatment. Additionally, serial diffusion tensor imaging revealed the repair of motor nerve tracts in some patients, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for stroke recovery.
A new study published in The Lancet Global Health found that nutrition programs have limited impact on cognitive skills and brain development compared to caregiving programs. Caregiving interventions such as parents playing games with their children significantly improved children's cognitive, language, and motor skills.
A large study found that people who walk the most live in areas with good public transport service and a higher density of households, services, and installations. Walking is associated with improved health and reduced air pollution.
Researchers discovered that some cancer cells survive chemotherapy by consuming neighboring tumor cells, providing energy to stay alive. This process helps senescent cancer cells initiate tumor relapse after treatment completion.
A collaborative study between University of Montana and Universidad de Concepcion in Chile found substantial gaps in scientific information relevant to conservation planning for threatened and endangered terrestrial mammals. The research highlights the importance of developing strategic research agendas for at-risk species worldwide.
A new study found that even short-term reduction in physical activity led to decreased cardiorespiratory fitness, increased waist circumference, and insulin resistance in healthy adults. Resuming normal activity levels reversed these effects, highlighting the importance of staying physically active to offset negative consequences.
Hyperbolic paraboloid origami has been found to exhibit structural bistability, allowing it to find a resting equilibrium in two different states. By tuning the folds of concentric squares, researchers can create structures with multiple stable configurations, enabling new applications in robotics and electronics.
Researchers at San Diego State University have discovered a beneficial bacterium that produces nanoscale syringe-like structures called the Death Star, which can deliver proteins to target cells and tissues in humans. This discovery could lead to novel therapeutics and vaccines for diseases such as cancer.
A new study has found that initiating antibiotics immediately before obtaining blood cultures significantly affects their sensitivity and ability to diagnose bacterial and fungal infections. This change in guidelines may reduce mortality rates from sepsis, a life-threatening condition with a 20% mortality rate.
A team of scientists at the University of Freiburg has found that the concentration of Argonaute proteins plays a central role in regulating the balance between stem cells and differentiated cells in plants. This balance is crucial for plant development, growth, and adaptation to environmental changes.
A research team at the University of Colorado School of Medicine has identified BRD4 as a central regulator of cardiac fibroblast activation. Chemical inhibitors of BRD4 potently block cardiac fibroblast activation, providing a potential therapeutic target for heart failure treatment.
The University of South Australia is leading a national push for academic integrity in Australian higher education, partnering with top experts to develop and deliver 20 workshops across the country. The initiative aims to promote good practices, prevent contract cheating, and safeguard the reputation of universities.
A team at OIST Graduate University reports a new approach to quantum gravity using a model that more closely matches our reality, including accelerating expansion. The free S-matrix predicts interactions between particles in de Sitter space, which may help explain realistic scenarios.
Researchers developed an exosome-based nanomedicine that increases tumor accumulation and penetration after intravenous administration. The biocompatible nanomedicines combine natural biomaterials with synthetic nanoparticles, demonstrating potential for improved anticancer drug efficacy.
A new study reveals that childhood trauma is associated with earlier and non-marital births, which can lead to poorer health later in life. The findings suggest that early trauma affects decision-making in ways that cannot be entirely controlled.
The University of Pittsburgh has been awarded a $10 million grant to create a network of precollege programs with accreditation standards, aiming to increase racial and ethnic diversity in STEM fields. The goal is to address gaps between underrepresented students in STEM fields, ultimately leading to more diverse STEM majors and jobs.
A new study published in PLoS One found that a kindergarten curriculum emphasizing social play and hands-on learning improves academic outcomes, self-control, and attention regulation. The approach also enhances children's joy in learning and teachers' enjoyment of teaching.
A study published in Heliyon found that early life experiences shape individuals' beliefs about themselves and the world, contributing to chronic obesity and frequent bingeing. Schema therapy model can help address these underlying issues by identifying and changing maladaptive schemas and coping modes.
Researchers propose using gravitational-wave observatories to detect axions, which could be a type of dark matter. Axions are predicted to modulate light polarization and can be detected with existing laser-based experiments, offering a cost-effective solution to the hunt for dark matter.
Researchers developed a new ultra-hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) technique that safely delivers curative treatment for some prostate cancer patients in just one or two weeks. The study found similar levels of side effects and less overall toxicity compared to the current standard of care.
A new statistical approach revealed that forest fires in 19th and 20th centuries were man-made, driven by changes in forest management and vegetation. This finding highlights the need for adaptive forestry practices to address climate change.
Researchers found that high temperatures reduce snort-call display behavior in grassland birds, affecting mating success. The study suggests up to 10% decrease in display activity by 2100 due to global warming.
Hurricane Humberto is a very large storm stretching from Florida to North Carolina with a tail extending hundreds of miles into the western Atlantic Ocean. The storm is expected to bring heavy rain and large swells to Bermuda, with maximum sustained winds near 100 mph.
Patrick Sung, a leading BRCA expert, has received the National Cancer Institute's Outstanding Investigator Award, providing $6.1 million through 2026. His work focuses on understanding BRCA biology and its role in cancer initiation and progression.
A study by Vincent Richards and colleagues found that antibiotic-resistant genes are being transmitted from humans into animal species, including livestock, companion animals, and wildlife. This reverse zoonosis is facilitated by high bacterial genome plasticity, allowing bacteria to adapt quickly to environmental changes.
Researchers have discovered two short peptides that significantly improved memory and reduced physical changes in the brain of mice with Alzheimer's disease. The treatment uses a process of computer modeling and artificial intelligence to develop an optimized oral version of the drug, which could lead to new treatments for Alzheimer's.
Researchers at the University of Groningen have successfully created a two-dimensional spin transistor in graphene, which uses charge-to-spin conversion to generate spin currents. The spin transistor can be switched on and off using an electric field, enabling the creation of all-electrical spin circuits.
The Pew Charitable Trusts has awarded grants to six interdisciplinary research teams, combining expertise in virology, epigenetics, microbiology, and developmental biology to advance groundbreaking discoveries. The research projects focus on understanding complex biological processes, such as viral manipulation of host cells, genetic v...
Researchers at OIST Graduate University have developed a new method to detect electrons' transitions to quantum states using image charge detection. This technique has the potential to create a ten-centimeter chip, reducing the size of current quantum computers and bringing them closer to practical use.
Shear-thickening fluids can be manipulated using ultrasonic waves to soften them, opening up new applications for materials like concrete and ceramics. The approach uses acoustic transducers to break force chains responsible for thickening, allowing for dynamic tuning of the material.
A new study estimates that the Mount Tambora eruption significantly contributed to the 1816 'year without a summer', with observed cold conditions almost impossible without the event. The wet conditions were also more likely, increasing by 1.5-3 times without volcanic forcing.
The Penguin Genome Consortium has sequenced high-coverage penguin genome sequences, providing an unparalleled amount of information on the genomic landscape of all living penguin species. This study reveals key insights into the evolution of life on the ice and will help predict population trends under future climate change scenarios.
Scientists at Columbia University have successfully miniaturized medical imaging technology using a microchip, producing high-quality images with improved depth resolution. The breakthrough could lead to affordable handheld devices for disease diagnosis outside of hospitals in low-resource settings.
Biomedical engineers create biomanufacturing platform using bursting bacteria and shrinking capsules to produce targeted proteins, enabling flexible and efficient production of diverse biologics. The new technology simplifies the creation of protein complexes and offers an easy way to produce multiple proteins simultaneously.
A new study measures how much of coral nutrition comes from hunting, suggesting that corals may be eating more than expected. The research provides a more accurate view of coral diets and has big implications for reef survival during climate change.
A study by Georgia State University researchers found that creating mutations in the VP35 protein of the Ebola virus can make it unable to cause disease. The mutated virus was able to induce strong immune responses in non-human primates, protecting them from infection with wildtype Ebola virus.
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that a significant proportion of Mexican women of childbearing age have inadequate folate intake. The study suggests that fortification of staple foods with folic acid has improved overall folate intake, but still leaves vulnerable populations at risk.
A new electronic nose can identify lung cancer patients who will respond to immunotherapy with 85% accuracy, outperforming the current gold standard of immunohistochemistry. The non-invasive test detects chemicals in patient breath and provides instant feedback, potentially avoiding ineffective treatment and side effects.
A team of MIT researchers developed an AI-guided robotic platform to streamline the synthesis of small molecule organic compounds. The platform uses artificial intelligence-driven synthesis planning, flow chemistry, and a robotically controlled experimental platform to minimize human intervention.
A new two-year grant aims to improve outreach and care for people with lupus, focusing on historically black colleges and universities. The initiative includes educational outreach efforts, a patient navigator program to reduce hospital readmissions, and partnerships to increase understanding of health disparities among healthcare prov...
The Suomi NPP satellite's Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument provided an infrared image of Hurricane Kiko on Sept. 16, showing an elongated shape due to wind shear. Wind shear affects tropical cyclones by pushing against the rotating cylinder of winds, weakening rotation and intensifying the storm.
A new study found that socioeconomic factors significantly impact mortality and hospital readmission rates for patients with type 2 diabetes, but not type 1 diabetes. Patients from areas of high deprivation were more likely to die within six months of discharge.
New research by astrophysicists at the University of Kent reveals how matter discarded as stars die is recycled to form new stars and planets. The study found that elements such as carbon and oxygen are transferred through a process of fragmentation, providing vital clues about the emergence of life in our universe.
A new study demonstrates that a mutant live attenuated Ebola virus vaccine protects non-human primates against infection, targeting the immune-evasion function of VP35. The researchers developed a virus with three mutations in the VP35 protein, which plays a critical role in evading host immune responses.
A recent study published in JAMA found that surgeries using mesh support and removing the uterus via hysterectomy have comparable clinical outcomes after three years. The research recruited 183 postmenopausal women and showed a 12% better outcome for mesh surgery, with high patient-reported improvements in quality of life.
NASA's Terra satellite captured a visible image of newly formed Tropical Depression 11 over the western Gulf of Mexico on Sept. 17. The storm briefly strengthened into Tropical Storm Imelda, making landfall near Freeport, Texas, and triggering a Tropical Storm Warning.
Fungicides can negatively impact aquatic fungi growth, altering their role in decomposing organic matter and as a food source for higher trophic levels.
The Crispr method enables researchers to monitor proteins' function live under natural conditions, eliminating the need for overproduction. This facilitates analysis of genes and gene products, allowing for more accurate results.
The study reveals that ectosomes, tiny vesicles containing key immune messages, can be intercepted and deciphered using super resolution microscopy. This breakthrough understanding of cellular communication has significant implications for developing therapies that shape the immune response to specific diseases.
A new study from the University of Georgia suggests that playing mahjong can reduce rates of depression among middle-aged and older adults in China. The study found that urban residents who played mahjong were less likely to feel depressed, while rural Chinese overall tended to report poor mental health.
A new scale assessing passion in relation to a skill has been presented in the journal New Ideas in Psychology. Passion, grit, positive mindset, and mentors are key factors in achieving success. Men tend to rely on passion and grit, while women emphasize grit and a positive mindset.
Researchers discovered cortisol in Egyptian mongoose hair, providing a long-term biomarker for stress. The study's results could help monitor the impact of habitat changes on mongoose populations and their competitors, such as the Iberian lynx.
Researchers develop novel data analysis method to evaluate single crystal structures, reducing researcher effort and iteration time. The method uses Bayesian inference to estimate parameters from preliminary data, allowing for precise crystal selection and measurement design.
Researchers developed a new tracking method for urban rats using pheromones, revealing sex-specific scent preferences. This finding could aid in urban wildlife management and development of novel control tools, such as bait deployment or immuno-contraceptives.
A University of Queensland-led study models future ethanol demand scenarios, forecasting potential expansion of sugarcane farming land in Brazil to 5 million hectares by 2030. The high demand scenario could lead to doubling current ethanol demand and necessitate additional 5 million hectares of land for sugarcane crops.
A study found that shark pups born in stressed environments, like those with climate change and overfishing, lose their initial physical advantages. This means they start foraging later and have lower body conditions, affecting their survival rates.
Scientists have identified an unusual electron scattering phenomenon in hybrid systems of Bose-Einstein condensates and 2D electron gases. This discovery opens up new possibilities for designing high-temperature superconductors by exploiting the unique interactions between electrons and Bogoliubov quanta.
A landmark study found that selective mammography screening can detect male breast cancer in high-risk men at an early stage, improving survival prognosis. The cancers detected were often benign, but the study's results support targeted screening for men with elevated risk.
The iStride Device, a patented therapeutic shoe, helps stroke patients relearn how to walk by strengthening the affected leg. Clinical trials show improved gait symmetry and functional walking in six participants, with four achieving double limb support.
Professional drivers, manufacturing workers, and cleaners have a threefold increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to university teachers. Workplace interventions could reduce weight and increase physical activity among employees in these occupations to major health gains.