Researchers found a significant decline in top predatory fish populations in Lake Simcoe from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s due to commercial fishing. However, once recreational fishing increased, the number of top predators began to recover, suggesting resilience in the system.
Researchers at Swansea University have created a system that uses a freshwater lens to improve visibility in cloudy waters, allowing scientists to identify fish species with greater accuracy. This breakthrough technology has the potential to monitor wildlife communities around marine renewable developments globally.
Researchers at UCSF found that tailoring instruction to individual birds' genetic predispositions can improve their learning abilities. In contrast, standardized tutoring programs failed to engage birds from families with different song tempo preferences.
Mechanism modeling can improve the accuracy of air-sea fluxes, which are crucial for predicting marine atmospheric boundary layer processes. By accounting for the impact of waves, currents, and wind coupled together, models can better represent the interactions between the atmosphere and ocean.
A new study found that combining a G12C KRAS inhibitor with two other compounds can significantly shrink lung tumours in mice and human cancer cells. This combination block the mTOR and IGF1R pathways, making it a promising avenue for treating lung adenocarcinomas with the deadly G12C KRAS mutation.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered that the compound 4-HAP can reduce metastatic tumor formation in mouse models of human pancreatic cancer. By stiffening cells and overwhelming their ability to invade nearby tissue, 4-HAP may help halt the progression of disease-like behavior in pancreatic cancer cells.
Scientists at Ohio State University have developed a tool to measure protein behavior at slower speeds than previously possible, allowing researchers to ask deeper questions about protein function and behavior. The discovery could lead to a better understanding of how proteins regulate cellular processes and interact with other molecules.
Pink sea urchin teeth are specially equipped to sharpen themselves through a controlled chipping mechanism, maintaining their sharp edge. The unique structure of the teeth, consisting of ceramic composites and calcite fibers, allows for this self-sharpening process, which is also relevant for designing synthetic materials.
A large-scale study found that vaginally born babies have different gut bacteria than those delivered by Caesarean. Researchers discovered that the mode of delivery impacted the gut microbiome, with vaginal delivery promoting mother's gut bacteria and Caesarean deliveries resulting in hospital-borne bacteria.
Dr. Martha A. Brumfield, a renowned leader in pharmaceutical development and regulatory science, has been awarded the Jon W. McGarity Arizona Bioscience Leader of the Year honor. Her contributions to accelerating medical product development and building collaborative solutions have significantly benefited patients and their families.
A study of people who use illicit opioids found that 27% prefer drugs with fentanyl, and these users are more likely to be younger, white, and daily users. The study suggests that harm-reduction strategies should target users who fit this profile, particularly those using portable drug-checking technologies.
Research at Karolinska Institutet found a correlation between early maternal anemia and increased risk of autism, ADHD, and intellectual disability in children. An estimated 15-20% of pregnant women worldwide suffer from iron deficiency anemia.
Research found patients with highly variable blood sugar control are more likely to experience adverse cardiovascular events and microvascular complications. The study suggests that even a moderate increase in HbA1c variability is associated with increased risks of mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes-related complications.
Researchers found that ethanol-based sanitizers can't fully deactivate influenza A viruses in wet mucus, requiring nearly four minutes of exposure. Washing hands with antiseptic soap deactivates the virus within 30 seconds, regardless of mucus consistency.
A Swedish study examining 500,000 children found a strong association between maternal anemia during pregnancy and the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders. The study suggests that prenatal anemia may play a significant role in the development of these conditions.
Researchers will image protein structures at an atomic scale, gaining insight into disease mechanisms and developing new diagnostic and treatment strategies for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Lewy body dementia.
A recent study by UTHealth School of Public Health found Texas ranks among the top quarter of US states for its worksite lactation support initiatives. The research identified eight minimum requirements for comprehensive programs, which can help increase breastfeeding rates and provide flexibility for employees.
A soil bacterium, Acidimicrobium A6, has shown promise in breaking down difficult-to-remove pollutants like PFAS. After 100 days of observation, the bacteria removed 60% of PFAS specifically PFOA and PFOS in lab vials, demonstrating a potential solution for environmental remediation.
A team of scientists at Northern Illinois University successfully forecasted the nation's extensive tornado outbreak in late May 2019, three to four weeks before it occurred. The prediction used historical weather-pattern records and methodologies to predict severe weather across the continental United States with extended lead times.
Researchers suggest a bolder approach to safeguarding coral reefs by focusing on land as well as the ocean. Implementing strategies like renewable energy, aquaculture, and restoring vegetation can reduce global emissions and enhance people's livelihoods. Current approaches to coral reef conservation are failing, and addressing the root...
Researchers from Lund University found that a massive asteroid impact 470 million years ago led to a unique ice age and increased biodiversity in the inner solar system. The study suggests that dust from such an event could be used to cool the planet and mitigate climate change.
Researchers created robots entirely from smaller robots called smarticles, unlocking a new locomotion technique. The smarticles can form structures and move in response to stimuli, allowing them to navigate mazes and even change their shapes.
A new study published in Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics found a strong association between obesity and chronic diarrhea, independent of dietary, lifestyle, or medical factors. Obesity was 60% more likely to cause chronic diarrhea compared to normal weight individuals.
Geophysicists challenge traditional views on how pores are formed in weathered rock, finding that physical weathering plays a larger role than previously thought. This process is crucial for sustaining life and water cycles in mountain ecosystems.
Researchers found that sesame performs well under drought conditions, with consistent yields even when water-deficit conditions decreased sorghum's yield by 25% and cotton's yield by 40%. Sesame has multiple market value uses, including food consumption, cooking oil production, and livestock feed.
A recent study by the SWOG Cancer Research Network found that nearly half of phase 3 cancer clinical trials sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) were associated with new cancer care guidelines or new drug approvals. The analysis suggests that NCTN trials contribute to cost-effective evidence guiding cancer patient care.
JUA Technologies International, a Purdue University-affiliated startup, received federal and state grants worth $150,000 to further develop its solar-powered crop-drying devices. The technology aims to reduce food waste by enabling efficient drying of various crops, resulting in significant economic benefits for small growers.
A Norwegian study found that a child's gluten intake at 18 months is associated with a 46% increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes for each extra 10g of gluten consumed. The mother's gluten intake during pregnancy was not linked to the risk.
New maps reveal that over 3 million square kilometers of wilderness have been lost since the 1990s, threatening species extinction. However, conserving these areas can halve the world's extinction risk, according to a recent study published in Nature.
A new study proposes a novel scenario framework for climate policy, focusing on capping global warming at a maximum level with either temperature stabilization or reversal. This approach addresses the limitations of current scenarios, which prioritize reaching specific climate goals in 2100 over long-term negative effects.
A 150-million-year-old coral reef snapshot reveals a peak of diversity among marine animals, including fish, crabs, and snails. The study also finds evidence of parasites among these ancient creatures, shedding light on the complex ecosystems of the past.
Babies born weighing under 3.6kg are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes by 50.0 years vs 51.3 years, with lower BMI and higher HDL cholesterol at diagnosis. Low birthweight affects risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the same way irrespective of BMI and HDL cholesterol.
A newly discovered bacterium, A6, can break down per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by transferring electrons from ammonium or hydrogen gas, rendering them harmless. The degradation process could potentially biodegrade PFAS in contaminated soil and groundwater under appropriate environmental conditions.
A systematic review of 24 studies finds that medical education lacks nutrition knowledge and skills, leading to inadequate care for patients. Researchers call for improved nutrition education integration into the curriculum, benchmarking of nutrition knowledge, and increased funding for innovative initiatives.
Researchers used state-of-the-art brain imaging techniques to study nonverbal children with autism, finding delayed responses to simple auditory tones. The study suggests that measuring brain activity in the auditory cortex could serve as important objective markers for response to sound.
Researchers used machine learning algorithms to analyze dark matter maps, achieving 30% more accurate results than traditional methods. The AI was trained on simulated data and applied to actual KiDS-450 dataset, showing promising potential for future cosmological applications.
A new study found that early combination therapy using vildagliptin and metformin leads to better blood sugar control and reduced treatment failure rates compared to metformin alone. The study showed a significant reduction in the risk of losing blood sugar control over a 5-year period.
Researchers found that targeting IL23, an immune molecule central to osteosarcoma development, can successfully shrink tumours in mice. The study provides hope for new treatments and repurposed therapy for this rare form of cancer.
The National Science Foundation has announced a new PAWR platform, AERPAW, in Raleigh and Cary, North Carolina, which will focus on wireless communications for unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and ground mobility. The platform aims to accelerate research into the capabilities necessary for mobility systems.
A team of researchers, led by Hagit Shatkay, is developing computational methods to accelerate discovery in astroparticle physics, a crucial step towards understanding dark matter. By analyzing noisy sensor data from an underground experiment, the team aims to detect and identify dark-matter particles.
A study found a germline mutation in the CD137 gene to be associated with childhood lymphoma, highlighting its key role in immune surveillance against EBV infection. The research aims to develop targeted therapeutics to stop this disease process.
Research finds that pediatricians in many countries do not meet the needs of adolescents, who face complex health burdens including chronic conditions and mental health disorders. The study suggests that investment in adolescent health training is necessary to improve care and address global health disparities.
NASA's AIRS instrument captured temperatures in Tropical Depression Imelda, providing insight into the storm's rainfall potential over eastern Texas. Forecasters incorporated the data into their forecasts, predicting heavy rains and significant flash flooding along the Gulf Coast.
New Army research applies trends from historical weapon systems, including crossbows and tanks, to explore potential future systems. A single regularity describes the growth of diverse families of technology over multiple centuries.
Recent developments in COFs' postsynthetic functionalization have introduced wide ranges of organic to inorganic functional constituents, enhancing stability and performance. The authors emphasize the importance of functionalization for creating COF-based smart materials, highlighting challenges in their future development.
A University of Queensland and CSIRO study finds that wilderness areas reduce species extinction risk by half, highlighting the urgent need for protection. Vital 'at-risk' wilderness areas require immediate conservation efforts to prevent loss of biodiversity and ecosystem disruption.
Researchers discovered that rock expansion, rather than chemical decomposition, is the primary cause of subsurface porosity in the Southern Sierra Nevada Mountains. This finding has significant implications for water resource management in the US, as saprolite can store large volumes of water and maintain forest health during droughts.
Scientists have created a durable and flexible super-water-repelling material by drawing inspiration from the spiky yet flexible skin of the porcupinefish. The material retains its water repellency after being repeatedly bent or twisted, making it suitable for applications such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, and corrosion prevention.
A new tool from the US Department of Agriculture predicts the probability of honey bee colonies surviving winter based on colony size and varroa mite infestation. This allows beekeepers to decide whether to overwinter colonies in cold storage, reducing costs and improving financial viability.
Researchers at CU School of Medicine have developed a new imaging method called 'fast MRI' that can effectively identify traumatic brain injuries in children without exposing them to ionizing radiation or anesthesia. The study found that fast MRI was completed successfully in nearly all cases, with accuracy similar to CT scans.
A recent study found that around half of cancer drug trials approved in Europe between 2014 and 2016 were at high risk of bias, indicating potential exaggeration of treatment effects. The findings highlight the need for improved trial design and reporting to ensure real benefits for patients.
A Tel Aviv University study finds the kingdom of Edom flourished in the Arava Desert during the 12th-11th centuries BCE, with expert analysis revealing a copper 'high-tech network' led by an affluent society. The researchers attribute the sudden improvement in copper production to Pharaoh Shoshenq I's military campaign.
Researchers at Seattle Children's developed an intervention, PRISM-P, to help parents cope with their child's cancer diagnosis. The program improves resilience and benefit finding among parents, who experience higher anxiety and depression after treatment. Parents report feeling overwhelmed by caregiving roles and unmet support needs.
Researchers at UC Riverside are part of a US EPA plan to eliminate animal testing by 2035. They're developing a way to test chemicals using lab-grown human tissue, not live animals, to identify musculoskeletal birth defects. This non-animal approach will help reduce animal suffering and improve the accuracy of toxicity predictions.
Researchers found that continuous communication, strategic partnerships, education, and integrated systems are crucial for effective disaster response. Community-based organizations and public health agencies must work together before a disaster strikes to build resilience in disaster-prone areas.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured a visible image of Major Hurricane Humberto and its extensive 'tail' of thunderstorms stretching past eastern Canada. The storm's eye was just 490 miles west-southwest of Bermuda, but the surrounding band of thunderstorms extended beyond that region.
Researchers developed a universal computer model for metal nanoparticle adsorption, accounting for structural characteristics, metal composition, and adsorbates. The model enables predicting adsorption trends on novel nanoparticles, accelerating nanomaterials design.
Researchers at the University of Groningen constructed a synthetic metabolic network for physicochemical homeostasis, producing ATP in synthetic vesicles. The system uses arginine and ornithine to maintain ionic balance and drive metabolic processes.
A study of nine emergency department residents found significant discrepancies between the electronic medical record and physicians' behaviors during patient encounters. The review of systems and physical examinations documented by physicians were often inaccurately recorded, with limitations including a small sample size and potential...
A UCLA-led study found that using 3D virtual reality models before kidney tumor surgeries resulted in shorter operating times, less blood loss during surgery, and a shorter hospital stay. The technology provides surgeons with better visualization of patient anatomy, allowing for more precise surgical planning.