New research suggests that the Arctic may impact Eurasian extreme weather events as quickly as two to three weeks, highlighting the need for more robust analysis techniques. The study aims to improve forecast accuracy by targeting specific observations and developing simulation experiments.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have discovered a potential treatment approach for concussions by cooling brain cells to an optimal temperature. The study found that cooling cells to 33 degrees Celsius provided the most protective benefit after 24 and 48 hours post-injury.
Scientists have retrieved the oldest human genetic data set from an 800,000-year-old tooth, shedding light on the branching points in the human family tree. The findings support the idea that Homo antecessor was a sister group to modern humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans.
A cloud-based supply chain management system for emergency response has been developed by Purdue University researchers. The system allows for real-time tracking of supplies and aid, enabling better targeting of assistance to those most in need. This innovation aims to improve outcomes for individuals impacted by natural disasters.
A new study funded by PCORI aims to evaluate the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in preventing COVID-19 infections in healthcare workers. The study will use the PCORnet network to quickly and efficiently conduct the research, providing insights that can inform prevention strategies for this high-risk population.
A University of Helsinki study reveals significant differences in fearfulness among urban and rural dog populations. Socialisation in puppyhood, activity levels, and breed-specific factors all contribute to fearfulness in dogs.
A team of researchers discovered pristinely preserved forest soil from the Cretaceous, including plant pollen and spores, in West Antarctica. The soil confirms that the region was home to temperate, swampy rainforests with an annual mean temperature of 12 degrees Celsius, much warmer than today's South Pole.
Researchers developed an onboard algorithm to estimate air density, providing critical real-time data for steering during entry, descent, and landing stages. The algorithm uses data from sensors and prior knowledge to improve accuracy and certainty of landings.
A significant, sustained global investment in treating children with cancer could save 11 million lives. The potential return on investment is a triple gain of almost $2 trillion to the global economy. The Lancet Oncology Commission report analyzed the benefits of investing $594 billion in interventions such as primary care and treatment.
A team of scientists reports that most of Earth's carbon was hidden in the core during its formative years, with laboratory experiments mimicking the conditions of the planet's formation. The findings suggest that a significant amount of carbon likely exists in the core, influencing chemical and dynamic activities.
Researchers at the University of Turku found that elephants with higher cortisol levels also had higher heterophil to lymphocyte ratios, indicating a positive correlation between biological measures of stress. Additionally, elevated stress was linked to weight loss in Asian elephants.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic discovered that fetal surgery to correct congenital spinal cord defects is more effective at healing neurological structure than surgery after birth. The procedure led to improved brain structure and anatomy in three patients with myelomeningocele.
Experts emphasize the importance of using accessible technology, maintaining short lecture lengths, and adapting exams to online platforms. Online instructors also share strategies for building rapport with students from a distance, including regular email communication and conversational teaching styles.
A PCORI-funded registry will engage healthcare workers, while a randomized clinical trial will examine HCQ's effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 infections and limiting virus spread. The study aims to provide insights quickly to those who need it most.
A recent study published in the ASAIO Journal reports on the management and outcomes of eight COVID-19 patients treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in China. The study highlights the potential benefits of ECMO in supporting critically ill COVID-19 patients, allowing their lungs to heal and recover.
A new study found that babies and young children with brain tumours tend to have better outcomes due to specific genetic weaknesses that can be targeted by existing drugs. Clinical trials are set to open to test the benefit of these precision medicines, offering a potential first-line treatment for infant brain tumours.
Researchers at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County discovered that female phorid flies feed on crushed invasive snails, a behavior previously only observed in social insects like ants. The study found that species of other snail genera failed to attract the flies, hinting at a peculiar interaction worth further study.
Researchers found that dynamic illumination, like water caustics in coral reefs, can increase attack latency for fish. This delay can be maximized in shallow water with fine scale and sharp water caustics.
Researchers propose that the evolution of large paranasal sinuses in cave bears led to a trade-off between sinus development and skull strength. This compromise may have limited their ability to adapt to changing environments and ultimately contributed to their extinction.
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign COVID-19 panel has released comprehensive guidelines for intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19, including infection control, laboratory diagnosis, and ventilator support. The guidelines were developed in just three weeks by a team of 36 experts from around the world.
A study led by Marius Roesti of the University of Bern found that predation by large fish is stronger in temperate zones than near the equator, contradicting the biotic interactions hypothesis. The researchers analyzed over 900 million predator attacks and found that fish species richness peaks at the equator.
A new study by Stanford researchers finds that long-term warming and decreased autumn precipitation are increasing the risk of extreme fire weather conditions in California. The risk has more than doubled over the past four decades, with human-caused global warming making these conditions more likely.
The US Navy is funding AnalySwift's SwiftComp software to improve the durability analysis of composite flexbeams in helicopters. This will reduce redesign time and cost, enabling more accurate predictions and saving millions of dollars.
A new study reveals that fish on Caribbean coral reefs harbor unique gut microbial communities, with some microbes living broadly in the ocean while others are resident to specific species. The researchers found 59 dominant types of microbes in five fish species.
A Phase II trial found patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who showed active T-cell responses in their tumors experienced prolonged survival after ipilimumab treatment. Researchers identified biomarkers associated with improved responses, including higher T-cell density and interferon-γ signaling.
A recent study on fungal diseases in Åland found that roadsides are a primary source of powdery mildew fungi, which can spread efficiently through the air. The researchers used advanced statistical methods to identify complex mechanisms in nature and shed light on how diseases transmit and evolve.
A new analysis of over 26,000 movies produced in the US from 1911 to 2010 reveals a sharp decline in female representation among actors, directors, and producers during the Studio System era. Female producers and directors may help further the careers of other women in the industry.
A new study published by Oxford University Press USA found that mat Pilates training significantly reduces arterial stiffness and blood pressure in young obese women with elevated blood pressure. The study, which included 12 weeks of mat Pilates training, also found a decrease in body fatness.
Researchers analyzed a century of data to find that female representation in the film industry hit an all-time low during the Golden Age. The study found that women's roles were consistently below 50% across job types and genres, with a sharp drop in the 1920s.
Researchers from NYU Tandon School of Engineering and School of Global Health document human movements around medical facilities and public transportation systems. The data will be used to generate 3D surface vectors for disease transmission models.
Rice University researchers are receiving $3 million to upgrade sensors for the Large Hadron Collider. The upgrades will enable the collider to discover even deeper truths about elemental matter. The research team is responsible for designing and managing the installation of next-generation sensors in the Compact Muon Solenoid.
A new study outlines steps needed for marine ecosystems to recover from damage by 2050, citing examples of recovery following conservation interventions.
A UMass Lowell-led team discovered that a symmetry in atomic nuclei is not as fundamental as previously believed, opening up new avenues for understanding the universe. The researchers created over 400 strontium-73 nuclei and compared them to bromine-73 nuclei, finding that they behaved differently.
A new study reveals that human activity led to Europe's forests being replaced with agricultural landscapes during the Bronze Age, contrary to previous assumptions about the Neolithic period. The research suggests that the Yamnaya steppe peoples' rapid expansion had a greater impact on vegetation than the earlier Neolithic farmer migra...
A new study reveals that China's water use has been decelerating since the 1970s, thanks to the adoption of water-conserving technologies. The study found that irrigation and industrial water recycling drove this reduction, offsetting the increase in water use driven by economic growth.
Researchers at Brookhaven Lab have direct spectroscopic evidence for a pair density wave coexisting with superconductivity, revealing modulating energy gap structures and pairing of electrons. This finding may help understand the complex phase diagram of high-Tc cuprate superconductors.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered a novel predisposition gene, ELP1, in the SHH subgroup of pediatric medulloblastoma, affecting 40% of cases. The study found that patients with this mutation tend to do well on therapy and may benefit from tailored treatment in the future.
Researchers from the University of Córdoba have developed a methodology to assess restaurant food waste and select the best valorization path. The study identifies that food waste can be turned into various valuable products, including biodiesel, electricity, and bioplastic, which could help industries within the circular economy.
Researchers at Nagoya University's ITbM discovered two new compounds that target specific components of the circadian clock. KL101 and TH301 lengthen the period of the circadian clock and are expected to provide a promising foundation for treating obesity.
Researchers found fossil traces of a temperate rainforest in Antarctica dating back 90 million years, revealing a warmer climate than previously thought. The discovery suggests that the continent had an exceptionally warm climate during the Cretaceous period, with annual mean air temperatures similar to modern-day Hobart, Australia.
A Rutgers University study found that cognitive behavioral therapy can help alleviate depression and improve quality of life for people with Parkinson's disease. The treatment was individually tailored to target negative thoughts and behaviors, resulting in improved mental health status for 40% of participants.
A recent study found that image-and-text health warning labels on alcoholic drinks and energy-dense snacks can significantly reduce consumption. Labels depicting bowel cancer were associated with the highest level of negative emotions, while those on high-density snacks were judged more acceptable.
Researchers have identified a hereditary genetic defect that disrupts protein production in children with medulloblastoma, a common malignant brain tumor. The study found that 40% of children and young people with this subtype of medulloblastoma have a congenital genetic predisposition for the disease.
During the COVID-19 outbreak in China, cancer patients underwent enhanced care measures to minimize SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk. These measures included strict infection control protocols and isolation procedures.
Researchers discovered that cormorants have adapted their ears for excellent underwater hearing, surprising given they spend most of their time on land. The ear structure's modifications enable the birds to detect sound pressure in both air and water with similar sensitivity.
A three-million-year-old brain imprint reveals that Australopithecus afarensis infants may have relied on caregivers for a prolonged period. The study found no evidence of human-like brain reorganization, but suggested protracted brain growth similar to modern humans.
A U-shaped relationship was found between egg consumption and the risks of incident CVD and total death among general Chinese. Consumption of 3-6 eggs/week was associated with the lowest risk. Higher or lower egg intake was linked to increased cardiovascular disease and mortality risks, respectively.
Researchers developed a machine learning system that can automatically detect and label 2D materials in microscope images, reducing the time required for their development. The system was trained using labeled examples and achieved accuracy in under 200 milliseconds, enabling faster testing of new electronic devices.
The Duke Clinical Research Institute is leading a $50 million study to evaluate hydroxychloroquine as a preventive drug for COVID-19 in healthcare workers. The study, called HERO, aims to assess the impact of the novel coronavirus on healthcare workers' health and examine whether hydroxychloroquine can prevent infections.
An international team of scientists has proposed a method to design climate-resilient energy systems. The study found that urban areas are expected to hold more than two-thirds of the world's population by 2050, and distributed energy systems will play a vital role in climate change adaptation and mitigation.
A new study found profound long-term changes in plankton communities, which are the base of the marine food web. Changes in sea surface temperature have led to a significant reorganisation of plankton populations, with some species increasing in abundance while others decrease.
Artifacts at Waim show fixed domestic space and symbolic cultural practices, suggesting regional Neolithic Era began 1000 years before Eurasian counterparts. Radiocarbon dating confirms age of stone carvings and ground stone pestle fragments.
Carnegie Mellon University researchers have created a method to build accurate 3D reconstructions of faces from smartphone videos, outperforming other camera-based processes with sub-millimeter accuracy. The digital face might be used in gaming, virtual or augmented reality, animation, biometric identification, and medical procedures.
The PREDICT Project has received a 6-month extension from the US Agency for International Development to provide emergency support for COVID-19 outbreak response, including early detection of SARS CoV-2. The project will also investigate the animal source of SARS CoV-2 using data and samples collected over 10 years.
A recent study published in Cardiovascular Research found that exercise has a profound impact on metabolism, leading to dramatic changes in metabolites related to energy production and waste elimination. The research also identified a specific metabolite called DMGV that may predict who does not benefit from exercise.
A comprehensive analysis of 121 randomised trials found that most diets result in modest weight loss and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors over six months. However, the benefits often disappear at 12 months, except for the Mediterranean diet which saw a small reduction in LDL cholesterol.
A new study reveals that American robins are migrating earlier by about five days each decade, likely due to shifting snow conditions. The birds' flight schedules are being fine-tuned by environmental cues such as snow conditions and when food becomes available.
Researchers developed a new approach to detecting lung cancer using nanoparticles that can interact with enzymes linked to the disease. The sensors were tested in mice and found to accurately detect tumors at an early stage, reducing false positives.
A study published in Nature reveals that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) plays a key role in the spread of pathological tau proteins between neurons. By inhibiting LRP1 expression, researchers were able to reduce tau spread in mice, offering new hope for potential treatments.
Researchers have discovered that certain plant materials can help store more carbon in soils and reduce erosion. Using two-step experiments with biomass crops, they found that miscanthus and willow performed better than sorghum in storing long-term carbon, making sustainable farming on peatlands possible.