The revised estimate of the inner core age is 1-1.3 billion years old, solving a paradox that arose from younger estimates. The researchers also found that the geodynamo was maintained by two different energy sources and mechanisms, providing new insights into the Earth's habitability.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University identified a critical role of interferon regulatory factor-2 (IRF2) in maintaining the stemness of intestinal stem cells. IRF2-deficient mice exhibited impaired regenerative responses, highlighting its importance in preserving intestinal stem cell function.
DNA nanoswitches rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging viruses, including Zika and Dengue viruses. The low-cost platform can be performed within hours and provides a solution for resource-limited areas.
Scientists developed an injectable HIV drug that blocks infection and provides extended viral suppression with lower doses and reduced side effects. The drug, CPT31, has great potential to help patients with drug resistance and those who would benefit from a longer-acting treatment option.
Researchers found that NK cell activation differed in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Adaptive NK cells, which have a greater ability to kill target cells, were observed in severely ill patients.
A new study led by Dr. Christopher Morrison reveals the nervous system cells and circuits that influence our metabolism and health in response to dietary changes. FGF21, a hormone produced by the liver, plays a crucial role in signaling to the brain when protein intake is low, triggering metabolic changes that improve health.
Researchers have discovered that nutrients exacerbate the negative impacts of climate change on corals, increasing the risk of mass coral bleaching. High levels of nutrients stress corals, making them more susceptible to heat-induced bleaching.
A physics-based model predicts imminent large solar flares with high accuracy, using a double-arc instability theory. The kappa scheme has been tested on 200 active regions and demonstrated its effectiveness in predicting solar flare occurrence and location.
A research team has revealed that Ca2+ activities mediated by mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels regulate the pathfinding of growing brain vessels in larval zebrafish. This process is critical for proper patterning of the vasculature, but its underlying mechanism remained unknown.
Researchers found that brood parasites living in variable habitats diversify their egg-laying choices among multiple host species, increasing reproductive success. This 'bet-hedging' strategy allows them to counter environmental threats and ensure survival over time.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation's Skeletal Rare Diseases Academy Awards recognized five young researchers for their high-quality research on rare disorders of the skeleton. The winners received a certificate and grant, valued at $1000, in recognition of their outstanding contributions.
Scientists from Peking University have developed an efficient method for manipulating the electron spin using an electric field, overcoming the challenges of traditional magnetic resonance techniques. The breakthrough could lead to significant advancements in quantum information processing and the development of quantum computation units.
Scientists create self-assembly of interlocked structures, including linear [3]catenanes, Borromean rings and ring-in-ring complexes, using bithiophenyl groups as building blocks. The new method enables the formation of heterogeneous D-A ring-in-ring complex.
A recent study from Okayama University found that bacteria from families Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae, as well as genera Alloprevotella and Dialister, may contribute to dental caries. This suggests a shift in research focus away from mutans streptococci.
Scientists successfully induced collecting duct cysts from human iPS cells with PKD1 homozygous mutation, mirroring clinical conditions. This breakthrough offers a new disease model and potential therapeutic avenues for ADPKD treatment.
The Suomi NPP satellite captured images of California's massive wildfires, which merged to form two complexes: LNU Lightning Complex and SCU Lightning Complex. The fires were started by lightning strikes and are fueled by hot air that creates pyrocumulus clouds.
A new study published in the Journal of Neurotrauma found that concussions can cause persistent and common sleep problems, affecting quality of life. The research tracked 378 patients with concussions for one year, revealing that 53% experienced sleep or daytime problems lasting three months or longer.
A study published in Child Development found that babies can't always remember what they've learned due to fluctuations in their internal state. Research suggests that changes in mood affect learning and memory in infants, particularly when recalling experiences from a different emotional state.
A study by UConn School of Nursing researchers found that strong feelings of germ aversion and pathogen disgust are significantly associated with concern about COVID-19 and increased engagement in preventative health behaviors. Individuals who indicated higher levels of psychological disease avoidance also reported greater concern for ...
KDD 2020 features four keynote talks on meta-provenance, AI for intelligent financial services, state-space multi-taper time-frequency analysis, and computational epidemiology. The conference will also include 18 applied data science invited talks and 217 accepted research papers.
Assistant Professor of Accounting Bret Johnson will serve as a research resource for the Office of the Chief Accountant and participate in OCA projects focusing on auditing standards setting and auditor assistance. Funding will support Johnson's work from late August 2020 to late July 2021.
Heidelberg economists developed a rating system to measure skill levels in skat and poker. The study found that both games have over 50% luck, but skill takes over in the long term, with a skilled player winning 75% more games against an average opponent after 100 games.
A unique study reveals that EU agricultural subsidies flow to intensively farmed regions causing environmental damage, while poorer regions are underfunded. The Common Agricultural Policy's €54 billion annual budget is concentrated in the hands of only 20% of farmers.
Tropical Storm Laura has become better organized than yesterday, with improved structure, but still lacks well-defined banding features. The storm is expected to move west-northwestward over the next couple of days, potentially affecting the northern Leeward Islands and Puerto Rico.
An observational study found COVID-19 case rates increased significantly among incarcerated individuals and staff in Massachusetts jails and prisons following decarceration. Testing rates were also lower during this period, contributing to the spread of the virus.
A new analysis from Harvard Medical School and Hunter College found that 2.3 million teachers and 28.6 million adults are at high risk of severe COVID-19 due to age or chronic diseases. The study also highlights the need for comprehensive clinician mental health support in the post-pandemic era.
Tropical Depression 14 is forecast to strengthen into a tropical storm and potentially become a hurricane, according to NASA's Terra satellite data. The depression's coldest cloud top temperatures were as cold as minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit, generating heavy rainfall and affecting Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula.
Researchers will use computer modeling to estimate future Malaspina Glacier changes due to global warming, impacting terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The project aims to better understand glacier instability and educate visitors about climate change effects.
In unpredictable environments, brood parasites spread their reproductive risk by targeting more and diverse host species. This bet-hedging strategy allows them to adapt to changing conditions and increase their chances of offspring survival.
Researchers at Tohoku University have successfully grown large single crystals of tin monosulfide (SnS), a promising material for next-generation solar cells. The achievement marks a significant step towards developing SnS solar cells with high conversion efficiency and could accelerate their practical application.
Researchers identified a strong and specific T cell response in COVID-19 patients who recovered from mild cases, suggesting a long-lived immunity. The study found that these patients' CD4+ T cells belonged to the Th1 category, which effectively fights viruses and stimulates antibody production.
Researchers at the University of Central Florida have developed a method to generate attosecond pulses using industrial-grade lasers, making it more accessible to scientists from various disciplines. This breakthrough could lead to new applications in power generation, chemical- and biological-weapon detection, and medical diagnostics.
A novel flavivirus identification test using RT-qPCR has been validated in Brazil for fast and sensitive detection of diseases. The method identifies and distinguishes between flaviviruses causing diseases in humans and animals.
A new study maps natural killer cells in COVID-19 patients, finding specific characteristics of activation correlate with disease severity and adaptive NK cells with severe disease. The study suggests future research directions, including the role of NK cell responses in lung tissue and variability over time during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Researchers propose a simplification in measuring public attitudes towards people with autism, using a single 'thermometer scale' survey. They found that non-autistic students rated autistic people relatively favourably, averaging 71/100, but there is still a long way to go in understanding and changing negative attitudes.
A study by Stony Brook University proposes strategies for China's transition away from coal, emphasizing employment and social justice impacts. The authors estimate a rapid transition could reduce premature deaths by 224,000 and water consumption by 4.3 billion m3 in 2050.
Researchers propose a strategy to achieve multiple responsive lasing emission states for high-security optical encryption by modulating the competition between radiative rate of donor and the rate of energy transfer in FRET microlasers. This approach enables dynamic lasing action control, resulting in distinguishable lasing states.
Researchers Cynthia Lum and Christopher Koper are studying COVID-19's impact on Fairfax County Police Department's crime rates, operations, and police-community interactions. The study aims to describe the agency's response and document lessons learned for a national audience.
A nationwide study of convalescent plasma as a treatment for COVID-19 will be conducted at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The randomized trial aims to test whether infusions of plasma can help hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
A new study reveals significant variability in urine sediment test interpretations among nephrologists, emphasizing the need for standardized education and training to improve reliability. This variation can lead to misinterpretation and potential patient harm, necessitating a more standardized approach to diagnose kidney diseases.
Researchers identified a new role for bi-directional connections in accelerating communication between brain regions. By creating loops, these connections can establish resonance and amplify signals, reducing the need for synchronization and increasing network efficiency.
A new COVID-19 pooling test method, P-BEST, has been developed to identify all positive subjects, including asymptomatic carriers, in a single round of testing. The algorithmic method increases testing efficiency and reduces costs, making it ideal for conducting carrier screening when infection rates are low.
A Mount Sinai study found that COVID patients were most commonly readmitted to the hospital for respiratory distress, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertension being key comorbidities. The study also showed that these patients had shorter hospital stays and lower rates of anticoagulation treatment.
Researchers create novel method using artificial intelligence to connect static and dynamic calculations, enhancing system security and safety requirements. The approach enables operators to anticipate disruptions and optimize resource allocation for a more resilient power grid.
Tropical Storm Genevieve has weakened rapidly due to various factors, including moderate southerly vertical wind shear and cooler sea-surface temperatures. As of Aug. 21, the storm is expected to degenerate into a post-tropical cyclone, moving further away from the Baja California peninsula.
Scientists have engineered a tiny therapeutic delivery system using lipid-based nanoparticles that safely solve genetic problems in mice. The treatment successfully produced a protein to treat hemophilia and reduced gene activity to lower cholesterol levels, offering hope for targeted therapies.
Researchers found that when flying alone, individual fruit flies freeze as a response to an imminent threat, but this behaviour changes in the presence of others. When other flies begin to move after the threat has passed, it signals safety and causes the freezing fly to exit its frozen state.
A new mechanism for anticancer drug resistance has been discovered in gastric cancer, involving a molecule called Annexin A6. The molecule is secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts and taken up by gastric cancer cells, leading to increased resistance to treatment.
A research team at Toyohashi University of Technology developed a multiplex genetic diagnostic device for early detection and prevention of crop diseases. The device uses loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to diagnose multiple plant viral diseases simultaneously within 1 hour.
Researchers have developed a new type of magnetic tunnel junction with four resistance states, enabling the creation of multi-level memory devices and neuromorphic memory. This breakthrough paves the way for more efficient spintronics devices.
A study from the University of Notre Dame found that over 100,000 people were infected with COVID-19 by early March, despite only 1,514 reported cases and 39 deaths. The researchers attribute this to limited testing and gaps in surveillance during the initial phase of the epidemic.
Researchers found Arctic winter ice grew less than half as much as normal due to increased ocean heat from the interior. This weakening of the halocline barrier allows for more efficient mixing between warmer and colder waters, limiting sea ice growth.
Researchers emphasize the importance of implementing effective post-fracture care coordination programs to reduce secondary fractures, frailty, and mortality in older patients. A novel FLS benefits calculator has been introduced to support decision-making at national and local levels.
Researchers found CAMSAP1 plays a crucial role in regulating axon/dendrite differentiation by creating an unbalanced distribution of microtubules among processes. The study resolves a long-standing question in neuroscience about the decisive factor for neuronal polarity establishment.
Researchers created a novel bioluminescent system to monitor DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways, which play a crucial role in multiple conditions including cancer. The BLRR-based system allows for direct tracking of DSB repair pathways in animals and cell lines, providing new insights into cancer treatment resistance.
Scientists have discovered a connection between the end of the Green Sahara and a previously unknown megadrought in Southeast Asia, which lasted over 1,000 years and affected human settlement patterns. The drought, linked to changes in the Saharan vegetation, led to reduced monsoon moisture across the region.
A new COVID-19 vaccine delivered via the nose produces a strong immune response in mice, preventing infection and sterilizing immunity. The vaccine uses adenovirus technology with mutations to stabilize the spike protein, allowing for a single dose to induce robust protection against COVID-19.
A new study reveals that children with developmental and cognitive impairments are more likely to receive CT scans for appendicitis diagnosis, which increases radiation risk. These children also experience higher rates of postoperative emergency room visits and hospital readmissions compared to neurologically normal peers.
Researchers discovered a previously unrecorded seed dispersal mutualism between the dry-fruited Balanophora yakushimensis and its avian visitors. The birds obtain nutrients from larger fleshy bracts, while the plants benefit from seed dispersal.
Researchers at the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown have discovered that fruit flies freeze as a social cue of danger, but also resume movement when others start moving again, signaling safety. Group size plays a crucial role in this behavior, with smaller groups freezing less and larger groups showing a more complex response pattern.