The 4CMenB vaccine has shown 79% effectiveness in preventing meningococcus group B disease among children and young adults. In a real-world study, nearly all vaccinated cases survived, while unvaccinated cases experienced severe outcomes, including death and long-term injuries.
Researchers recommend using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays as the gold standard for testing, but acknowledge limitations due to false negatives. Point-of-care testing is emphasized as an urgent objective to detect the virus rapidly and early, with nano-based sensor technologies showing promise.
A 25-year follow-up study found that obese women have an increased risk of hip fracture before age 70, especially those with below-average bone density. Women at the borderline between normal weight and overweight had the lowest risk all the way until old age.
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that liquid-liquid phase separation facilitates tau protein aggregation, a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. The researchers discovered a novel regulatory mechanism involving different variants of tau protein, which may influence disease clinical outcomes.
A RUDN University mathematician introduced a matrix representation of set functions to simplify cooperative game theory calculations. This approach can be applied to multicriteria decision analysis, group decision-making, and economic theories based on cooperative games.
The study found that preserving and planting trees could cost as much as $393 billion per year by 2055 to achieve more than 10% of total emissions reductions. Forest management in temperate regions will play a significant role, especially under higher price scenarios.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield discovered a genetic risk factor for MND in non-coding DNA that can be targeted by SynCav1, potentially halting or preventing disease progression. The study built on patient data from Project MinE and could lead to personalized medicine for MND patients.
Researchers have developed microfiber- and nanofiber-based wearables that can track vital signs like blood pressure and cholesterol levels. These technologies could lead to non-invasive health monitoring for chronic illnesses.
Enslaved.org, a searchable database cataloging the lives of enslaved Africans and their descendants, welcomes public contributions to deepen understanding and respect. The platform allows users to run analyses and create visualizations, shedding light on the complexities of personal history.
A new study identifies five large-scale 'megatrends' impacting forests globally, including droughts, urbanization, consumer demand, digital technologies, and infrastructure development. These megatrends are likely to have both positive and negative effects on forest ecosystems, biodiversity, and human livelihoods.
Researchers have overcome a major limitation of stratospheric balloon payloads by creating an ultralight dewar that can cool large telescopes to near absolute zero. The breakthrough enables scientists to explore the cold universe and see faint signals from distant galaxies.
Researchers at Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) have developed a method to produce customisable engineered lysins that can selectively kill specific bacteria while leaving others unharmed. This discovery presents a promising alternative to antibiotics for treating existing drug-resistant bacteria.
A global study found that older people in wealthy countries consume more alcohol than those in middle-income countries, with average weekly consumption ranging from 0.59 to 6.85 units. The price of alcohol did not influence heavy drinking levels, which were highest in the Czech Republic and lowest in Israel.
The American Pediatric Society has announced its new class of 55 distinguished members, including leaders in child health education, research, policy, and clinical practice. These individuals have made significant contributions to advancing the field of academic pediatrics.
Researchers have found that telomere shortening protects against cancer in humans. The study used CRISPR gene-editing technology to analyze mutant cells with long telomeres and found that they were at greater risk of developing breast, colorectal, melanoma, and thyroid cancers.
Researchers found that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) dig slow-moving channels through the extracellular matrix to facilitate fast movement of other CTLs. The study suggests modulating ECM properties could enhance immune response efficiency and lead to new therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.
A semiconductor chip has been developed to detect antigen concentrations as low as 1 part per quadrillion molar mass, enabling ultra-sensitive detection on a portable scale. This technology uses organic nanosheets and can detect biomolecules in real-time, paving the way for quick disease diagnosis and telemedicine applications.
The study suggests that the obese figurines were linked to extreme nutritional stress during Ice Age Europe. The researchers propose that these statues represented an idealized body type for young women, conveying ideals of body size for survival in difficult living conditions.
A study found that lab results for adults with obesity are similar to those of their leaner counterparts, contradicting one theory behind the 'obesity paradox'. Instead, researchers suggest that unconscious bias in healthcare providers may lead to better outcomes for obese patients in critical care
Researchers pooled data from multiple sites to visualize neuroinflammation in ALS patients, enhancing detection and developing drugs. The study used two second-generation translator protein tracers and found improved power to detect inflammation compared to individual site data alone.
The Oncotarget journal has launched a special collection on breast cancer, featuring newly published scientific papers on prognostic markers, risk factors, therapies, and gene studies. This free-to-read resource aims to promote a better understanding of the latest breast cancer research.
The metabolic state of a disease-causing parasite influences its resistance to current drugs, according to a new study published in eLife. The research found that the sensitivity of amastigotes to azole drugs increases significantly in the presence of certain concentrations of glutamine.
The webinar, 'Evidence to Action: Advancing the Antimicrobial Resistance Agenda during a Pandemic', brings together global experts to share strategic reflections and insights on national prevention/control policies against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Key findings include the urgent need for transparent, coordinated action across co...
Flies sleep longer and are less responsive to light pulses during vibration, suggesting they accumulate 'sleep credit.' The ability to go to sleep improves with repeated exposure, implying habituation. Vibration-induced sleep serves vital functions and may offer insights into human sleep regulation.
Researchers have discovered subnetworks within BERT that can complete the same task more efficiently, reducing computing costs and increasing accessibility to state-of-the-art natural language processing. The 'lottery ticket hypothesis' identifies these leaner subnetworks, which can be repurposed for multiple tasks.
Researchers develop novel design and fabrication techniques for rainbow light trapping, enabling extreme light confinement and versatile application in low concentration molecular sensing, enhanced photocatalysis, and super-resolution optics. The technique uses analytical modeling to optimize groove geometry for broadband electromagnet...
Researchers at City of Hope developed a cancer-killing virus called CF33 that targets hard-to-treat tumors and stimulates an immune response. The oncolytic virus demonstrates increased PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and causes them to die, leading to lasting anti-tumor immunity.
A new device can detect antibiotic-resistant bacteria in just five hours by measuring naturally occurring electron transfers. The device, developed by Binghamton University researchers, has the potential to serve as an important point-of-care diagnostic tool in areas with limited resources.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are developing innovative technologies to improve transportation, biology, radiation, and climate. Air taxis could significantly reduce fuel consumption while alleviating traffic congestion. Fungi use signaling molecules to communicate with each other and regulate growth. The lab is also vis...
Researchers developed a mobile health app to improve HPV vaccine uptake among adolescents. The app targets key parental beliefs and demonstrates high intention to use among parents and adolescents. The study found that theory-based content design can be an effective approach in developing apps for behavioral interventions.
A new study found that children with dyslexia exhibit greater emotional reactivity than their peers, which is correlated with stronger brain connectivity in the salience network. This suggests that dyslexia may be associated with both cognitive and social strengths, but also vulnerability to anxiety and depression.
A standardized 'Artificial Pancreas (AP) Dashboard' is proposed to improve glycemic control and reduce hypoglycemia in insulin requiring patients with diabetes. The dashboard provides a single-page report of seven main components, including glucose metrics, insulin management, and user experience.
A new study published in the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology found that tanning bed use and sunburns may increase a woman's chances of developing endometriosis. The research analyzed data from over 116,000 women and found a higher risk among those who used tanning beds frequently or got sunburnt during teenage years.
A new epidemiological study from West Virginia University found that glucosamine supplements reduced all-cause mortality by 39% and cardiovascular-related deaths by 65%. The researchers analyzed data from 16,686 adults and suggest that people should continue exercising while considering the potential benefits of taking glucosamine pills.
A new 30-year study found that public health services worldwide have failed to meet targets for reducing avoidable sight loss, with cataract and uncorrected refractive error being major contributors. The number of cases of blindness and severe vision impairment is expected to rise dramatically by 2050.
A new database of electron-molecule reactions has been created by Curtin University researchers, allowing for accurate modeling of plasmas containing molecular hydrogen. This development is crucial for the global push to develop fusion technology for electricity production on Earth.
Scientists have developed a procedure, SCENITH, that identifies the energy status of immune and cancer cells within tumors to personalize treatment. This method uses protein synthesis as an indicator of cell activity, enabling clinicians to predict patient response and improve therapy efficacy.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine published a study using a donated tumor from Tyler Trent, a college student who died from bone cancer. The team found that a combination therapy significantly slowed tumor growth in models, leading to hopes for new treatments and improved outcomes for children with osteosarcoma.
Two new posters will present investigative treatment options using NUWIQ and WILATE for rare bleeding disorders. The research focuses on long-term prophylaxis with Simoctocog Alfa for hemophilia A, as well as the use of a von Willebrand Factor/Coagulation Factor VIII Complex for treatment of inherited platelet disorders.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham have developed a new method to produce chemical molecules more efficiently through a one-step reaction in an enzyme. This breakthrough has significant implications for the production of pharmaceuticals, with potential applications in the development of new drugs.
Research at Flinders University found that defensiveness increases when people feel stigmatised or rejected, but decreases when they feel valued and included. The study suggests that emphasizing respect and value for the person, even if you disagree with their views or actions, can reduce defensiveness.
A new international study finds that green energy projects can be as conflictive as fossil fuel projects, disproportionately impacting rural and indigenous communities. Social protest is effective in stopping or modifying projects, but policymakers must address equity concerns to ensure a just transition.
Researchers found that deleting FATP4 increases cone photoreceptor survival and visual function nearly 10-fold in mouse models of Leber congenital amaurosis. This discovery establishes FATP4 as a promising therapeutic target to preserve daytime color vision in patients with RPE65 gene mutations.
A new study by Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg reveals that Bavarian groundwater has warmed considerably over the past few decades. The findings show that groundwater temperatures at depths of 20 metres are almost one degree warmer on average than in the 1990s, correlating with a 1.05 degrees Celsius rise in air temperature.
Researchers at Skoltech have discovered a way to increase the productivity of carbon nanotube synthesis by adjusting catalyst injection rates, leading to a 9-fold increase in yield while preserving key properties. This breakthrough has the potential to pave the way for cheaper and more accessible nanotube-based technology.
A multicentre study found a strong correlation between thyroid function and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, a condition triggered by extreme emotional stress. The research identified two distinct mechanisms: an overactive thyroid gland promoting heart disease risk and an elevated target value of thyroid regulation related to the stress event.
A coroners' analysis of two deaths found that swallowing alcohol-based hand sanitizers can kill. The public is largely unaware of the potential safety hazards, and more needs to be done to protect those at risk, such as children, people with dementia/confusion, and those with mental health issues.
A Northwestern University study shows how advanced imaging technology can pinpoint the cause of nerve damage in COVID-19 patients. The imaging techniques include ultra-high-resolution ultrasound and MR neurography, which help localize where the problem is and assess the severity of nerve damage.
A team of researchers at Duke University has developed a new method to program stem cells into desired cell types using CRISPR gene editing. By analyzing the transcription factors key to making each cell type, they improved the accuracy of model cells grown from stem cells.
Researchers have demonstrated a way to control nanoparticles to lase at low power, producing sharp signals for biosensing and bio-imaging. This breakthrough reduces tissue damage and improves the accuracy of sensing indicators, holding promise for early-stage disease detection.
USask researchers found that hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectants can raise airborne levels to 60% of the maximum allowed exposure level. Using soap and water or ventilation methods can mitigate risks, according to expert Tara Kahan.
A new study finds that electronic waste generated by Americans has been declining since 2015, mainly due to the decrease of bulky CRT displays. This decline poses challenges for e-waste recycling regulations and the recovery of critical elements like cobalt and indium.
Researchers analyzed data from nearly half a million cancer patients in the US between 15-39 years old to determine cancer cases in this age group. The results show a 30% rise in cancer diagnoses among adolescents and young adults, with kidney, thyroid, and gastrointestinal cancers increasing at the greatest rates.
A newly described behavior, known as reciprocity in conversation, helps balance the scales of collaborative interactions. By incorporating small talk into work settings, teams can achieve higher levels of task enjoyment and better outcomes.
A new study suggests that widespread forest management and protections against deforestation can help mitigate climate change, but will come with a steep cost. The research found that planting and protecting trees could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by as much as 6 gigatons a year, but would cost $393 billion annually.
A new study published in Cell Reports found that painkillers such as Aspirin and Ibuprofen interfere with the auxin flow in plants, leading to abnormal root growth. The drugs also suppress the movement and trafficking of substances within plant cells, impairing their ability to develop properly.
Researchers are developing a novel 'food as medicine' intervention to address high rates of food insecurity and insulin resistance in Oklahoma's HIV community. The five-year project will test the impact of diet on insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, with a focus on identifying community-based solutions.
Researchers have directly observed the formation and interaction of highly ionized krypton plasma using femtosecond coherent ultraviolet light and a novel four-dimensional model. The study reveals strongly nonlinear behavior in laser-plasma interaction, allowing for the creation of well-defined plasma conditions.
Researchers found that flashier lizards are more likely to be attacked by predators due to their bright colors. However, females prefer brighter males because they may possess high-quality genetic material or resources.
Researchers developed a methodology to analyze properties of different microalgae species for selection as an energy source, considering biological, economic, and environmental aspects. The study found nine types of microalgae, particularly diatoms, are most promising for biodiesel production.