Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center present a case study of an adaptive treatment approach based on evolutionary principles in prostate cancer, suggesting it as a promising alternative to traditional treatments. The approach involves forcing tumors into repeatable treatment cycles, which may limit the development of uncontrollable dru...
New waveguide platforms enable compact solutions for ultra-high-performance systems, moving key components to chip scale from large tabletop instruments. These platforms support a range of applications, including spectroscopy, precision metrology, and computation.
A computational study identified lansoprazole and 12 other FDA-approved drugs that reduce inflammation and may prevent preterm birth. The drugs act on biological pathways affecting the immune response, which is implicated in preterm birth. Further testing is needed to confirm their effectiveness.
A team of bioengineers from Trinity College Dublin has developed a prototype patch that mimics the electrical signalling properties and mechanical demands of heart tissue. The patch, manufactured via melt electrowriting, withstood repeated stretching and showed good elasticity, addressing key requirements for cardiac biomaterials.
The study found that skyrmions move more efficiently at higher temperatures and their trajectories only depend on the speed of the skyrmions, making device design significantly easier. Billionfold reproducible motion of skyrmions was also observed in thin films of magnetic material stabilizing them at room temperature.
Researchers propose a holistic framework for understanding how the mind adapts to situations, suggesting that changing states of mind exert coordinated effects on perception, attention, and behavior. By acknowledging and manipulating these dynamic states, individuals can improve performance and achieve a healthier state of mind.
Researchers found over 350 huge phages with genomes four times larger than average, including the largest bacteriophage to date. These viruses carry genes normally found in bacteria and use them against their hosts, bridging the gap between non-living and living organisms.
Researchers at UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center found a condensed five-day radiation regimen to be as effective as traditional five-week treatment in treating soft tissue sarcoma. The new approach showed lower wound complication rates and improved cancer control without increasing side effects.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology developed a new method to preserve lumber by applying a metal oxide coating, which shows promise in replacing conventional pressure treating methods. The new process has been found to be effective in creating a hydrophobic barrier, reducing water absorption and mold growth.
A recent study found that fragmentation of large organic particles into small ones accounts for roughly half of particle loss in the ocean, controlling sequestration of sinking organic carbon. Sinking particles like plankton and detritus play a critical role in lowering atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.
A new study from the University of British Columbia found that sleeping with a partner's scent can significantly improve sleep efficiency. Participants experienced better rest and reduced tossing and turning when exposed to their partner's scent, even if they weren't consciously aware of it.
A study found that women living in green spaces had a later age at menopause, with an average age of 51.7 years compared to 50.3 years in areas with little green space. Lower cortisol levels and reduced risk of depression may contribute to this association.
Researchers at Politecnico di Milano developed a novel circuit that can execute advanced AI operations in one operation, reducing energy consumption and paving the way for more sustainable AI computing accelerators. This breakthrough enables faster and more efficient training of neural networks, crucial for applications like facial rec...
A new study found that Prescription Drug List (PDL) coverage for preventive asthma medications can reduce financial burden and increase medication adherence. However, barriers to PDL use include lack of awareness, exclusions, and inconsistent benefits.
University of Houston Law Center Professors Jim Hawkins and Jessica L. Roberts call for stronger consumer safeguards to protect personal information collected online by health-related companies. The authors suggest several options, including mandatory notice, opt-out provisions, and user consent for significant changes.
Researchers uncover that neuronal necrosis occurs earlier in Alzheimer's progression than thought and identifies YAP as a key regulator. Early intervention with YAP supplementation can prevent neuron loss, restore cognitive function, and reduce beta-amyloid plaques.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University will develop next-generation rechargeable batteries with a potential 300-500 cycle lifespan. The project aims to reduce costs and safety risks while increasing battery life.
A novel drug targeting hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 2-a has shown a 24% response rate in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The study, launched after phase I/II results, aims to further investigate the agent's efficacy and safety.
A new study investigates predictors of child maltreatment and factors contributing to better or worse outcomes for victims and their children. The research explores connections between mothers who have experienced child protective services and early-life health and social outcomes of their children.
Researchers found a 15% increase in gonorrhea and a 10% increase in chlamydia rates in Texas counties with high shale drilling activity. This contrasts with no association observed in Colorado or North Dakota, suggesting the impact may be specific to densely populated areas.
The National Science Foundation has awarded $8 million in funding to seven research projects studying soil signals to advance sustainable agriculture, climate change and food production. Researchers will develop new methods to capture, communicate and analyze soil processes, including sensors and data tools.
Researchers made intact human organs transparent using microscopic imaging, revealing complex structures at the cellular level. The technology, SHANEL, enables detailed analysis of large-scale human tissues and organs, accelerating the development of functional artificial organs.
Researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center argue that graphic warning labels can effectively promote an understanding of the consequences of smoking. The proposed labels, which include images and text warnings, have the potential to help reduce smoking rates and serve as a model for other regulatory efforts.
Researchers used quantum mechanical computations to study the thermal conductivity of postperovskite at lower mantle conditions. The study found a significant jump in thermal conductivity associated with phase transition, which affects heat flux across the core-mantle boundary.
The study reveals that even modest climate warming scenarios can lead to a significant loss of groundwater in the continental US, with the eastern region being more sensitive. As shallow groundwater storage is depleted, it can no longer buffer plant water stress, leading to dramatic changes in vegetation and surface waters.
A study found that emotionally evocative storylines can reduce virtual reality cybersickness, especially in non-gamers, by enhancing presence and decreasing sensory conflicts. The findings suggest that game design can be used to create more inclusive VR experiences.
A team of scientists is working on wearable devices that can detect molecules in sweat to monitor patient health status continuously without blood draws. They aim to standardize sample collection methods and develop low-level detection techniques for neuropeptides, allowing for a more holistic understanding of bodily functions.
A brain imaging study found that PTSD patients have a deficiency in mechanisms that suppress and regulate memory activity, particularly in the hippocampus. The study suggests that these dysfunctioning systems contribute to the persistence of intrusive memories.
Three studies provide new insights into the composition and origin of Arrokoth. The object's binary lobes were likely formed in a local collapse cloud, with an ancient age of about 4 billion years. Its surface is uniformly red, cold, and covered with methanol ice and complex organic molecules.
Astronomers at Kazan Federal University used a powerful space exploration tool to discover a new binary star system. The team employed the gravitational lensing method to track changes in brightness and confirm the presence of two stars.
A recent Brigham Young University study found that even exceeding the recommended 10,000 steps per day did not prevent weight gain in college freshmen. Despite increased physical activity, participants gained an average of 1.5 kg over the six-month period.
Researchers have figured out how millipedes mate by using high-tech imaging techniques and blacklights that make the different tissues glow. The findings show that the male's gonopods insert sperm into the female's vulvae through tiny claws, while the female's vulvae seal up with a gooey secretion to trap the sperm.
A new clinical trial has found that using more than one antibiotic to treat MRSA infection provides no health benefits and increases the risk of side effects. The three-year study involved over 350 patients and tested whether adding a second antibiotic improved health outcomes.
A randomized crossover study found that eating non-fried potatoes instead of refined grains improved diet quality and was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factors. Participants who ate potatoes had higher potassium and fiber intake, as well as a healthier index score.
Lehigh University's Ganesh Balasubramanian has received an NSF CAREER award to create a predictive framework for manufacturing complex alloys. The project aims to accelerate the manufacturing process by 50% and reduce costs, while also pushing the industry towards smart manufacturing.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to describe the behavior of cellular enzymes, particularly those involved in multisite phosphorylation reactions. The study revealed that certain mutations affect the activation of key enzymes, including MEK and ERK, which can lead to cancer. This knowledge can help develop new therapeutic str...
Researchers found that capillary forces in graphene oxide hydrogels can be regulated by surface tension, allowing for the creation of dense yet porous materials. By using solvents with different surface tensions, the microstructure of the resulting materials can be precisely manipulated and densified.
Ichthyosaurs experienced a rapid evolution burst around 250 million years ago but quickly lost their diversity due to overcrowded seas. The group's evolution slowed down significantly over the next 100 million years, leading to less variation between species.
Scientists have elucidated the mechanism of controlling autophagy through liquid-liquid phase separation, revealing a novel structure responsible for progression. The discovery has significant implications for understanding various intracellular phenomena and developing autophagy-specific control agents.
A new study found that many US medical specialty guidelines are vulnerable to conflicts of interest due to the approval process used by guideline development committees. Most societies require approval by a committee representing the society as a whole, which creates a potential conflict between professional and economic interests.
A new study published in Nature Communications reveals that nitrogen-fixing trees can double the amount of carbon stored in a forest's first 30 years of regrowth. Forests with these trees also take up 10% more carbon at maturity. Planting fixers as part of reforestation efforts could boost forest development and carbon accumulation.
By combining pump-probe measurements with theoretical simulations, researchers can now observe the energy flow in acetone at a key energy window between closely related states. This synergy of experimental and theoretical methods provides new insights into light-matter interactions and molecular dynamics.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered extensive brain inflammation in veterans with Gulf War Illness, particularly in cortical regions involved in memory and reasoning. This finding may help identify new therapeutic targets for conditions linked to neuroinflammation.
A group of ITMO University researchers analyzed the Moscow Subway and found a microbiome similar to that of New York's public transportation. The study used high-throughput DNA sequencing and discovered identical types of bacteria, including Dietzia, Brevundimonas, and Pseudomonas.
Researchers developed a new organic photovoltaic cell with an efficiency of 17%, achieved through optimized chemical structures and improved processability. The study demonstrates the potential for larger-area production, expanding the field of organic photovoltaics.
Between 2005 and 2014, the number of veterans hospitalized due to critical limb ischemia decreased by 17%, with mortality rates dropping from 12% to 10%. Patients who underwent revascularization procedures were 55% less likely to die and 77% less likely to undergo amputation.
Researchers found that bilingual individuals had a shorter conversion time from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease than monolinguals. Despite this, bilinguals still experienced a faster decline once diagnosed with the disease.
A comprehensive evaluation of existing quality metrics for kidney disease reveals that less than half are highly valid, with nearly half related to dialysis management. The study proposes refinements and new metrics to better reflect the spectrum of kidney care delivery, aiming to improve the accuracy of quality measurement.
Researchers found that reconnecting with nature enhances human health and encourages environmental protection. People who visit natural spaces weekly report better wellbeing, while also being more likely to engage in eco-friendly activities.
Researchers at ETH Zurich present theoretical and experimental work that provides a higher-level understanding of 'fragile topology' in topological insulators. The discovery could lead to new applications in acoustics, photonics, and beyond.
The 'Antarctica Factor' study reveals that Antarctic ice-loss is the greatest risk and uncertainty for global sea-levels, with a possible contribution of up to 58 cm within this century. The range of estimates is quite large, from 6-58 cm, but the results are robust due to the large number of ice sheet modeling groups involved.
A study led by George Mason University found that 23.3% of women who experienced intimate partner violence reported disrupted child school attendance due to IPV. Women experiencing high physical and sexual violence were at greater risk, with their children's school attendance more likely to be affected.
Biologists from Bayreuth investigate the role of Mauthner cells in fish and amphibian species, revealing a strong hierarchical dependence on these cells for essential functions. The researchers discovered that Mauthner cells remain functional without their cell bodies, contradicting widespread assumptions about nervous system hierarchies.
Scientists at UNM Health Sciences Center have developed a non-toxic method to eradicate Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which transmit dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The approach uses yeast cells infused with orange oil, which kills the larvae when ingested.
Researchers discovered that immune cells count their neighbors before activating to avoid overreactions. This new understanding could lead to improved cancer immunotherapies and treatments for autoimmune diseases.
A recent study reveals that migraine patients exhibit altered tactile sensation, particularly a decreased perception of pleasure in gentle touch. The research suggests that this disturbance may be related to the same neurophysiological processes underlying allodynia, a common symptom of migraine.
A Cornell University researcher co-authored a paper highlighting the importance of considering multiple factors such as variation, power, ideology, and institutions when studying AI's impact on workplaces. This study emphasizes the need for policymakers and scholars to think beyond design and use of AI technologies.
A Michigan State University-University of Maryland study found that the decline of frogs led to a significant decrease in snake diversity, with an estimated 85% probability of fewer species. The research highlights the importance of long-term data for understanding biodiversity loss and its cascading effects on ecosystems.
The study proposes smart data chip circuits that consume up to 10 times less energy than conventional chips. Researchers also developed an optimisation algorithm to control fibre optic communications at the network level, reducing energy consumption by up to 70%.
Researchers at City of Hope have discovered a link between the circadian rhythm gene BMAL1 and the suppression of tumor growth in obese and prediabetic mice. The study found that mice without the BMAL1 protein experienced accelerated breast tumor growth, suggesting that increasing BMAL1 levels may slow cancer progression.