A study suggests that reducing alcohol outlet density in Baltimore City could prevent violent crimes by lowering the homicide rate. The researchers analyzed three main policy changes and found that closing liquor stores in residential areas would eliminate 22 homicides a year, saving $27.5 million.
Researchers found that mice consuming their own poop have higher microbial loads and different bile acid profiles compared to those not eating feces. This study highlights the importance of considering self-reinoculation in research involving mice, particularly in dietary, probiotic, and drug studies.
Research suggests that wearing a partner's favorite T-shirt can improve sleep quality, with participants sleeping over nine minutes more efficiently per night. This effect is comparable to that of melatonin supplements and may have broader health benefits.
Researchers at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology propose a radically new biosensor design that could increase detector sensitivity many times over, making it suitable for mobile and wearable devices. The new layout aims to make biosensors easier to manufacture, cheaper, and more responsive.
A new study found that two popular bariatric surgeries can change patients' sensitivity to alcohol, increasing blood alcohol concentrations by 50% after consumption. Some women experienced reduced sensitivity, reporting almost no sedative effects from alcohol.
A new study found that after a chytrid fungus outbreak in Panama, decimated frog populations, the number of snake species declined dramatically, causing the snake community to become more homogeneous. The loss of amphibians had a ripple effect on the ecosystem, leading to a drop in body condition and occurrence rates among snakes.
A comprehensive molecular study has defined key genes and proteins contributing to endometrial cancer. The research suggests tailored treatments for each patient and potential biological targets for future drug design.
Researchers studied green fluorescent protein to understand how electric fields impact its twisting motion. They found that tuning the chromophore's electronic properties can significantly alter this process. This discovery could lead to developing light-sensitive proteins for biological imaging and optogenetics.
Researchers have discovered that kisspeptin can enhance brain activity related to attraction and arousal in men, particularly those with low sexual quality of life. The study used MRI scans to track brain responses to female faces and perfume, finding that kisspeptin triggered greater activation in attraction pathways.
A device that generates over 5 volts of electricity directly from the movement of a liquid droplet has been developed by researchers at Nagoya University. The device, made of flexible thin films, uses molybdenum disulfide as an active material to harness energy from liquid motion.
Researchers at the University of Bath have developed a low-cost, low-energy desalination process that can provide safe water to communities in remote and disaster-struck areas. The prototype desalination unit is powered by solar energy and uses a novel approach to remove salt from seawater.
Researchers have identified high levels of ketone bodies in the plasma of patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy as a reliable predictor of disease progression. The biomarker could help track the progression of this inherited heart condition, which can be fatal without warning.
Researchers from University of Michigan found that using a manual dishwasher with the two-basin method can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 18% compared to machine washing. They also suggest avoiding pre-rinsing and selecting energy-efficient settings to minimize environmental impact.
The new mouse model accurately reflects human genetic and immune system characteristics, enabling researchers to test new treatments. It can reverse damage to the small intestine once it has developed, providing a vital tool for improving quality of life for people with celiac disease.
Researchers found that altering aircraft altitudes could significantly reduce contrail-caused harm to the climate, with a potential reduction of up to 59%. The study suggests targeting flights responsible for the most climate forcing and using cleaner engine technology to achieve a total reduction of up to 90%.
A new study found that the Zoster Vaccine Live shingles vaccination may prevent some older adults from having a stroke, reducing the risk by about 16% for ischemic stroke and 12% for hemorrhagic stroke. The vaccine's protection was strongest among people ages 66 to 79 years.
Highly active Finnish women watch less television than low-active peers, whereas highly active men tend to watch more. This suggests that motivation and lifestyle factors differ between genders in determining TV viewing time.
Research reveals that climate warming reduces year-to-year variability in beech tree seed production, favoring seed predators like moths. This shift results in fewer surviving seeds and reduced fitness for the trees themselves.
Researchers found that Blacks have a 50% increased risk of stroke compared to non-Hispanic whites, while Hispanics have a 50% increased risk. Disparities persist even into old age and are driven by modifiable risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure.
Heavy rainfall was detected southwest of Tropical Cyclone Uesi's center by NASA's Global Precipitation Measurement mission. Rainfall rates reached up to 1.6 inches per hour in some areas, with scattered light rain falling at slower rates in other regions.
Research found that optimistic patients had lower inflammation levels, reduced stroke severity, and less physical disability after three months. Optimism was linked to better disease outcomes, suggesting a positive environment can benefit recovery.
Researchers at Princeton University have found a van der Waals material, gadolinium tritelluride (GdTe3), with the highest electronic mobility among known layered magnetic materials. The compound's unique properties make it a promising candidate for new areas like magnetic twistronic devices and spintronics.
Researchers developed a CRISPR gene-editing technique that prevented genetic liver disease in mice by introducing a 'minigene' that expresses the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase. The approach showed promise for treating rare metabolic disorders and other hereditary diseases.
A Stony Brook University-led study finds that early intervention in schizophrenia does not improve long-term outcomes, contradicting common views. Comprehensive care has been shown to reduce symptoms and improve mental health, but treatment effects may be overstated due to lead-time bias.
Researchers delivered an ALDH2 gene to mice with the deficiency, using a virus-mediated approach. The treated mice showed no signs of the acute abnormalities or chronic disorders normally associated with ethanol exposure in ALDH2 deficiency.
Scientists report that small altitude changes in flight paths could cut the climate impact of aircraft contrails, reducing warming effects by up to 59.3%. By targeting high-warming flights and making minor adjustments, contrail impact could be reduced by 91.8% with cleaner engines.
Researchers identified a molecular mechanism for communication between microtubule and actin networks, enabling color change in amphibians and fish. A theoretical model supports the findings, highlighting the regulatory efficiency of cytoskeletal interactions.
A new air-pressure sensor developed by Binghamton University researchers uses a micro-switch mechanism to improve the performance of various devices, including those monitoring barometric pressure and oxygen levels in hospitals. The sensor's design allows for faster response times and longer lifespans compared to conventional sensors.
A hybrid approach combining gene therapy and gene editing successfully treated an experimental model of a rare genetic disease, significantly enhancing survival. The findings could offer hope for children and adults with various inborn errors of metabolism.
A new commentary highlights how collaborations between schools and health departments can create vulnerabilities for students' private health information. To address these gaps, researchers recommend creating clear privacy protocols and mapping out processes to anticipate potential issues.
Researchers analyzed data from over 49,000 adults and found that while overall smoking rates have decreased among Americans aged 20+, the rate of stroke survivors who smoke remains steady. The study emphasizes the importance of quitting smoking for stroke survivors, citing the highly addictive nature of nicotine.
Researchers identified 351 large phages carrying bacterial genes, including CRISPR and ribosomal proteins, which blur the line between life and non-life. These enormous phages use these genes against their bacterial hosts and have the potential to provide new tools for genome engineering.
The extinct turtle Stupendemys had a carapace reaching almost three meters and weighed an estimated 1,145 kg, making it one of the largest turtles to have existed. Males carried horns on their shells, indicating two sexes with sexual dimorphism.
Researchers have found that a component of the Ebola virus can selectively target and kill glioblastoma brain tumors, providing a potential new approach to treating this deadly form of cancer. The Ebola glycoprotein MLD helps protect normal cells from infection while allowing cancer cells to be targeted by the immune system.
Scientists are developing new ways to mitigate climate change while enabling people and ecosystems to survive and thrive. Researchers are reengineering crops to increase yield and resist disease, modifying coral DNA to make reefs more resilient, and creating innovative solutions for cities to protect infrastructure from extreme weather.
A team of researchers has made a significant discovery about the neural mechanisms of consciousness. By stimulating the central lateral thalamus in macaques under anesthesia, they were able to wake the animals and elicit normal waking behaviors. This breakthrough sheds light on the specific area of the brain responsible for consciousness.
Researchers at ORNL developed a multitask convolutional neural network to extract key information from cancer pathology reports. The AI tool can complete multiple tasks simultaneously, reducing processing time by an average of five times compared to single-task models.
A study of young African American adults found that high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity contribute to a higher stroke risk. Improved nutrition and healthy eating habits can help mitigate this risk by increasing stroke awareness among this group.
NYU assistant professors Anna Choromanska, Christine Constantinople, and Daniele Panozzo have been awarded Sloan Fellowships for their innovative research in machine learning, brain science, and partial differential equations. The fellowships provide $75,000 over two years to support their research.
A new Yale School of Public Health study found that genetic variations in specific genes are associated with increased thyroid cancer risk among cell phone users. Researchers analyzed over 900 people and identified 10 SNPs that appear to increase the risk of thyroid cancer.
A study from York University reveals a wide trust gap between Americans in southern and northern regions. The gap persists even after considering internal migration, with southerners generally exhibiting lower trust levels due to the region's collectivist culture.
A large-scale trial found that reducing steroid dosage and eliminating plasma exchange did not impact long-term survival for ANCA-associated vasculitis patients. Patients who received lower doses of steroids had fewer serious infections compared to those on higher doses.
Recent publications provide insights into FMT research, emphasizing the need for rigorous clinical trials to demonstrate safety and effectiveness. Researchers are evaluating different preparations of FMT and manufacturers are developing products for licensure.
Researchers developed an elastic kirigami patch to capture electromyographic signals from palm muscles of baseball players, revealing differences between curveballs and fastballs. This innovation enables better understanding of muscular activity in various sports and could aid medical research for motor disorders.
Researchers question the idea that human language arose instantaneously through a single gene mutation, proposing instead a gradual evolution through accumulation of smaller biological changes. They argue that the cognitive operation Merge, key to human language, evolved gradually over time.
Research suggests that bacteriophages found in children's intestinal tracts may play a role in childhood stunting. The viruses affect bacterial communities in the gut, and altering these communities could help improve health. This discovery offers hope for developing new cost-efficient therapies.
A new UNLV study found that a high-carbohydrate diet nearly eliminated symptoms of Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infections in mice, whereas high-fat/high-protein diets exacerbated the infection. The research suggests that diet may promote microbial groups that can be protective against C. diff even after antibiotics.
A study found that malnourishment is linked to psychological distress among Canadians aged 45 years and older, with indicators including low fruit and vegetable intake and higher chocolate consumption. Chronic pain, multiple health problems, poverty, and immigrant status were also strongly associated with psychological distress.
Researchers have discovered that coral colonies with similar groups of algae survive better under stress. The study found that the symbiotic community diversity of dinoflagellates in good-performing corals is more constrained and works well together with their host, while poorly performing corals have less coordinated communities.
Researchers at the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command developed a new approach to analyze tribological response between steel and silicon nitride during high-speed sliding tests. The study found that frictional heating induces chemical reactions leading to lubricating thin films, reducing wear and friction.
A Rutgers study found that children with a documented history of abuse or neglect were 23% more likely to suffer a fingertip injury before age 12. The researchers analyzed medical records from 79,108 children and identified a link between fingertip injuries and abuse or neglect.
A study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research has identified a brain circuit that could indicate the risk of developing Alzheimer's. Researchers discovered that poor connectivity between the brainstem and cerebellum may be predictive of Alzheimer's risk, specifically targeting those with a family history.
A recent analysis of GMC data reveals that doctors from black and ethnic minority backgrounds are less likely to be appointed for specialty training posts compared to their white counterparts. The findings suggest that little progress has been made in addressing bias since a landmark paper published in 1993.
A study of nearly 20,000 participants found that living in the Stroke Belt as a child or young adult increased the risk of cognitive impairment later in life. Moving away from the region at middle age may provide some protection against cognitive decline linked to stroke.
A new study found that parents who report loving each other tend to have children who stay in school longer and marry later. The researchers followed the children of 151 married couples in Nepal for 12 years, using data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study.
Researchers discovered that lower circHomer1a levels in the brain's frontal cortex are correlated with schizophrenia symptoms and impaired cognitive flexibility in mice. The study suggests that circular RNAs play a crucial regulatory role in gene expression, potentially serving as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment targets.
Researchers at NC State University have developed a new technique for shielding electronics from ionizing radiation, using oxidized metal powder - rust. The approach reduces weight and improves shielding, with potential applications in space exploration technology and aerospace devices.
Florida Scrub-Jays' social lives reveal that maintaining relationships is crucial for both breeders and helpers, reducing costs of territory defense and predation risk. The study shows that helpers associate with many more individuals than breeders, increasing the importance of connecting individuals in the social network.
Researchers found a strong association between gum disease and large artery strokes, as well as severe brain blood vessel blockages. Gum disease may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by hardening of blood vessels.
A UCLA-led study found that the Foxp1 gene controls growth of the embryonic brain and is involved in timing of neuron production. The research revealed that both too much and too little Foxp1 affects neural stem cell replication and formation of specific neurons.