Researchers found a connection between Arctic sea ice melting and altered Pacific El Niño activity. The study suggests that sea ice melt drives vertical convection in the Arctic Ocean, generating planetary waves that carry heat and momentum to the tropics.
Researchers at Tomsk Polytechnic University have successfully created a new type of curved acoustic wave beam, known as an acoustical hook, which can be used to manipulate nanoparticles with high precision and accuracy. This innovation has the potential to revolutionize fields such as biomedicine and materials synthesis.
Research suggests that strict adherence to traditional masculine ideals can lead to more severe post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and hinder access to effective treatment. Veterans who conform to these norms may have a harder time seeking mental health help due to societal expectations of masculinity.
Researchers found that African lions' genetic diversity loss in the KAZA region was caused by their need to adapt to different habitats. This suggests that ecological factors, rather than human impacts, are responsible for this loss. The study's findings have important implications for wildlife conservation managers.
A new Dartmouth study found that pharmaceutical companies' promotional access to US primary care practices is substantial, especially in smaller practices and those without academic affiliation. The researchers also discovered a pattern of higher promotional activity in the Southern region of the country.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that the 2014-2016 marine heat wave led to a significant increase in humpback whales becoming entangled in fishing gear, averaging 53 confirmed entanglements per year. The shift in whale feeding behavior due to ocean warming caused a greater overlap between whales and crab fishing gear.
Researchers found that limiting temperature increase to 2°C yields economically optimal results; climate policies can balance damages and mitigation costs. The study tested various uncertainties and confirmed the 2°C limit is cost-efficient across different climate sensitivities.
A national quality-improvement program in Canada's NICUs increased survival rates for very preterm babies by 25%. The EPIQ program also reduced chronic health issues and adverse outcomes, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and sepsis.
A study published in Neural Computation found that the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) test has flaws, including non-normal scores and clinician influence on diagnoses. The researchers propose combining clinical observations with wearable technology to make data collection less invasive and improve diagnosis reliability
A study on collared lemming genomic variation reveals high genetic diversity in West Beringia, suggesting this region acts as a refuge for cold-adapted species. Temperature changes during the last interglacial period may have driven northward expansion of forests, leading to habitat contraction.
Researchers found that a patient's length of stay in rehabilitation facilities has a greater impact on functional independence than therapy time per day. A care team should prioritize identifying a patient's recovery trajectory early enough to promote optimal outcomes.
Scientists at Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research discovered a new type of centromere in the European dodder, Cuscuta europaea. Unlike typical monocentric or holocentric species, the unique centromere in C. europaea was found to be independent of CENH3 histone distribution.
A study by NYU School of Global Public Health found that over 80% of youth do not use tobacco, and most vaping youth are also current or former smokers. The research suggests that while vaping rates have increased among youth, smoking rates have decreased, indicating a net harm reduction benefit to the population.
Cornell University researchers found that wild tomato varieties are less affected by bacterial canker, with the pathogen remaining confined to specific xylem vessels. The team's study confirms that wild tomatoes are susceptible to bacterial canker, but with less severe symptoms than cultivated varieties.
A new study using a neural network-driven Earth system model predicts an increase in phytoplankton biomass in low-latitude regions by 2100. The team found that the traditional assumption of declining biomass due to climate change is not supported, and instead, phytoplankton may actually thrive in warmer waters.
A collaboration between Rutgers University and Scripps Research has led to the discovery of a small molecule that reduces α-synuclein protein levels, potentially slowing or stopping Parkinson's disease progression. This finding offers hope for early-stage patients and may be applicable to other neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
A new University of Liverpool-led study found that two-thirds of obstetricians and gynaecologists experience traumatic work-related events, leading to clinically significant PTSD symptoms in 18% of consultants and trainees. The culture in obstetrics and gynaecology is identified as a barrier to trauma support.
Researchers found that birds and mammals have encapsulated Golgi tendon organs set directly at the muscle-tendon junction, detecting tension in precise areas. This allowed for controlled motion and a selective advantage that conserves energy.
SU2C's new health equity initiative aims to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in cancer research, addressing socio-economic, cultural, trust barriers that prevent minority participation. The organization requires grant proposals to include diverse patient recruitment and retention plans.
A new drug called Myeliviz has been approved for its first human trials to aid multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnoses. The drug targets and binds to myelin, allowing for its imaging by a PET scanner, potentially providing earlier and more accurate diagnoses.
A study on globular glial tauopathy reveals that phosphate groups are not unique to tau protein and can lead to dysfunction in other proteins. Glial cells also play a crucial role in the disease's progression by facilitating the spread of protein inclusions. This research sheds light on potential new drug targets to stop disease progre...
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center found that people with Parkinson's disease before age 50 were born with disordered brain cells. The study suggests a potential new treatment using PEP005, which reduced alpha-synuclein levels and countered abnormal enzyme activity in dopamine neurons.
A five-year follow-up study of over 2,000 U.S. men with localized prostate cancer found that radiation therapy was associated with significant declines in erectile function, while surgery improved function over time. Prostatectomy also resulted in worse urinary incontinence compared to other treatments.
Patients who undergo open heart surgery can be discharged in 3 days without increased risk of complications, according to a recent study. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs aim to improve patient-centered care and reduce hospital stays by up to 30%.
A new polyamide family has been developed from a biogenic residue, offering improved performance and lower costs compared to traditional crude oil-based materials. The synthesis process is scalable and can be conducted in one reaction container, increasing sustainability.
Researchers developed a technique to quickly and sensitively characterize defects in 2D materials using laser light combined with second harmonic generation and dark field imaging. This method provides three times the brightness of standard bright field imaging, revealing grain boundaries and edges of semiconducting 2D materials.
A study published in Circulation reveals that an imbalance in the ratio of active and inactive myosin protein disrupts heart muscle contraction and relaxation, leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Treatment with a small-molecule drug restores proper contraction and energy consumption in human and rodent heart cells.
A Phase 1 clinical trial tests the safety and effectiveness of mAb CIS43LS in preventing malaria infection. Volunteers will receive a single dose of the antibody and then be exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes to assess protection.
A new production technique for CdTe material uses a high-pressure furnace and produces high-purity crystals in a rapid timeframe, outperforming current methods. The technique also eliminates concerns about explosions and allows for easier doping of the material.
A new study found that record-breaking whale entanglements in the Pacific Northwest were triggered by a unique marine heatwave, known as the 'Blob', which altered fish populations and habitats. The research has led to the development of online tools to help fishermen avoid entanglement risks.
Researchers found daratumumab to be safe and successful in treating patients with relapsed AL amyloidosis, a condition characterized by organ failure. The treatment was well-tolerated and effective when used with appropriate pre- and post-infusion medications.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed bioinspired materials with tailored physical properties for various industries. The new materials are inspired by nature's mechanisms and can be custom-tailored to suit specific needs, offering a cheaper and more efficient alternative to conventional catalysts.
Researchers at the University of Basel have developed biocompatible polymer vesicles that can enter the cell nucleus, allowing for targeted drug delivery. The nanocontainers can be designed to transport therapeutic agents directly to the cell's control center.
Scientists have discovered the detailed structure of two calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM) pores, which play a crucial role in sensing taste and controlling airways in lungs. The findings suggest these pores are essential for cell health and may lead to new therapies for Alzheimer's and depression.
A new method for developing genetic markers improves transfer rate to 92% in grapevine species, enabling breeders to quickly identify desirable traits. This breakthrough has far-reaching implications for improving fruit quality and responding to climate threats.
Researchers have developed a new treatment that completely kills the bacterial infection causing severe decline in lung function and death in cystic fibrosis patients. The treatment combines three antibiotics with no side effects, improving quality of life and survival chances for infected CF patients.
Tropical Cyclone Diane formed on January 24 and quickly weakened due to wind shear, dissipating by January 27. The storm's clouds were blown southwest of the weak center, revealing its final state.
A study by University of California San Diego researchers shows that consuming green algae improves human gastrointestinal issues associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) such as diarrhea, gas and bloating. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in bowel discomfort and more regular bowel movements among participants.
Jesse Little, associate professor at University of Arizona, recognized for outstanding contributions to aeronautics and astronautics. He conducts research on subsonic and supersonic flows, leading the Turbulence and Flow Control Laboratory.
A new study warns that global conservation efforts may not be making progress due to ecological time-lags. Conservation measures can take decades to show results, and current targets may not accurately reflect success or failure. The research proposes using milestones to track progress towards biodiversity goals.
New research suggests that cleaning up ozone precursors in energy, industrial, and transportation sectors can mitigate climate change by increasing the land's ability to remove carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. This could result in a 15% increase in the size of the current land sink for carbon.
A microsimulation study found that nurse home visits improved health outcomes and reduced readmissions for patients with heart failure, while also being more effective than standard care. The intervention increased quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs, resulting in an ICER of $19,570 per QALY gained.
A team from TU Wien, MPI Garching, and LMU Munich has developed a new method to measure the shape of light pulses using tiny silicon oxide crystals. This allows for precise information about the interaction of light and matter, enabling applications such as characterizing novel materials and detecting diseases.
Researchers found that Chagyrskaya Cave Neanderthals used tools similar to those made by Eastern European Neanderthals, suggesting a connection between the two populations. The discovery indicates at least two separate dispersals of Neanderthals into southern Siberia.
The Wyss Institute's Human Body-on-Chip platform uses fluidically-linked systems of multiple human Organ Chips to predict drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The system quantitatively predicts drug behavior across the entire linked system, offering alternatives to animal tests and improving drug development efficiency.
Researchers developed a thin, soft magnetic sensor matrix sheet system with tenfold improvement in sensitivity, enabling real-time visualization of magnetism. The system can be attached to the skin without causing discomfort and has high spatial resolution due to its high permeability.
A new study by researchers at the University of Limerick found that men and women employ different strategies to solve spatial cognition tasks. The research used eye-tracking technology to investigate cognitive proficiency in individuals and gamers, with results showing no male advantage in mental rotation abilities.
Researchers analyzed the virome of HPV-positive tonsil squamous cell carcinoma and neck metastasis, finding correlations between specific viruses and clinical outcomes. The study suggests that certain viral signatures may impact tumor biology and behavior, offering potential avenues for future research and treatment.
New IIASA-led research assesses economy-wide effects of sea level rise globally, highlighting significant GDP losses without further mitigation and adaptation. The study shows that projections for 2050 and 2100 reveal drastic changes in G20 countries' relative GDP impacts, with China facing the highest losses.
A study on the developmental origins of the frog urostyle reveals that thyroid hormone-mediated ossification played a crucial role in tail loss and rearrangement of the dorsal aorta. This process allowed for evolutionary novelty, shaping the body plan of Anura, including frogs.
A novel malaria vaccine candidate based on the tobacco mosaic virus has shown a 10X improvement over a comparator vaccine in mouse trials. The vaccine uses the TMV coat protein as a scaffold to refocus the host immune system, offering protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria up to 11 months.
A new interactive map from Harvard University reveals nonviolent uprisings are more successful in achieving their goals, contrary to long-held assumptions. The dataset covers 1945-2014 and includes hundreds of maximalist campaigns globally.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a 'flash graphene' process that can turn bulk quantities of waste material into valuable graphene flakes. The process is quick, cheap, and produces high-quality graphene with reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
A team of international researchers has discovered a new phenomenon where partially miscible liquids deform the liquid-liquid interface. This finding is significant for oil recovery and CO2 injection processes, as it challenges traditional understanding of fluid dynamics in such systems. The study's results have implications for improv...
New research from Ohio State University reveals that high-level nuclear waste storage materials will degrade faster than expected due to their interaction. The study found severe localized corrosion of glass, ceramics, and stainless steel under certain conditions, posing significant challenges for the current storage model.
A study published in Perspectives on Behavior Science found that AI models can accurately interpret behavioral data, outperforming a popular visual-aid tool. This could lead to better decision-making and tailored interventions for individuals with developmental disabilities, mental health issues or learning difficulties.
Dr. Robert Kormos, MD, and Rob Wynbrandt, JD, receive the 2020 Distinguished Service Award for their decades-long selfless dedication and leadership in cardiothoracic surgery. They have contributed to the growth and success of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons and its patients.
John Drazan, a biomechanics researcher, received the AAAS Early Career Award for Public Engagement. He was recognized for his work combining research and public engagement to make science relevant to young people through sports.
A new study by University of British Columbia researchers found that young children between 4-5 years old prefer learning from people who consistently match their accuracy and confidence. This ability helps them distinguish reliable information sources, making them less susceptible to misinformation.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that people on high fiber diets are 40% more likely to experience bloating if they consume protein-rich diets. The researchers suggest that substituting high-quality carb calories for protein calories may reduce bloating and make these diets more tolerable.