Earlier falls predict subsequent fractures in postmenopausal women
A history of falls in postmenopausal women can predict a higher risk of subsequent fractures. Slip falls were associated with a greater risk of fracture than other types of falls.
Science News for January 9, 2020
Randomness opens the gates to the land of attophotography
Scientists have developed a new method to record extremely fast processes using X-ray lasers. By harnessing the random nature of these pulses, they can now create images with precisely controlled parameters. This breakthrough enables the study of non-linear effects and chemical reactions.
SourceThe Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences·JournalNature Communications·DateJan 9, 2020
Mathematicians put famous Battle of Britain 'what if' scenarios to the test
Researchers from University of York develop new model to calculate impact of changes to Luftwaffe tactics on the battle's outcome. The study suggests that altering the timing and targeting of airfields could have shifted the battle significantly in Germany's favor.
Growing strained crystals could improve performance of perovskite electronics
Engineers at UC San Diego created a way to fabricate perovskite single crystals with precisely deformed structures, enabling significant changes in material properties. The researchers found that -1.2% strain produced samples with the best charge-carrier mobility and stabilized its photoactive alpha phase.
Parents aren't powerless when it comes to sleep-deprived teenagers
Researchers at the University of Rochester found that parents' consistent bedtime enforcement is associated with longer sleep duration and better mental health outcomes for teenagers. The study suggests that even without pre-bedtime conflict, parents' role in setting bedtimes yields positive results.
Smoking HIV out of dormancy
Researchers at Norwegian University of Science and Technology have found a previously unknown way for the immune system to detect and respond to HIV infection. This discovery may hold the key to allowing the 'shock-and-kill' approach to work, where the virus is activated to be visible to the immune system and then killed.
Overdose rates higher & opioid addiction care scarcer, in Medicaid work requirement states
States with Medicaid work requirements have higher opioid overdose death rates and fewer substance use disorder treatment facilities. Increasing access to evidence-based opioid addiction care is crucial for individuals with these conditions.
SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalJournal of General Internal Medicine·DateJan 9, 2020
Gene network helps to turn white fat into beneficial calorie-burning fat
Researchers have identified a genetic program controlling the development of beige fat cells, which can convert energy into heat. The study's findings suggest that people with more thermogenic fat cells may be less likely to develop obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Tea drinkers live longer
A study of 100,902 participants found that habitual tea consumption was linked to lower risks of cardiovascular disease and all-cause death. Green tea showed the strongest association, while black tea had no significant effects.
SourceEuropean Society of Cardiology·JournalEuropean Journal of Preventive Cardiology·DateJan 9, 2020
Unlimited potential: Researchers found new ways to generate totipotent-like cells
Scientists identified 3 metabolites that can re-program pluripotent cells into totipotent-like cells, opening up possibilities for studying early developmental events and cell replacement therapies.
SourceHelmholtz Munich (Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH))·JournalThe EMBO Journal·DateJan 9, 2020
Metabolic syndrome associated with increased risk of blood clot recurrence
A new study published in Blood Advances reveals that patients with metabolic syndrome are more likely to experience recurrent blood clots. The study analyzed 151,054 patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis and found that those with comorbid metabolic syndrome conditions had a higher risk of VTE recurrence.
'Flash and freeze' reveals dynamics of nerve connections
Researchers develop 'flash and freeze' method to study structure and function of synapses in intact neural circuits. The method allows for simultaneous observation of structural changes during signaling, revealing a near-identity between structurally and functionally defined vesicle pools.
Antibiotic tolerance reduces the ability to prevent resistance under drug combination therapies
New study reveals antibiotic tolerance promotes the evolution of antimicrobial resistance even under combination drug treatments. The results suggest that designing antibiotic treatments must consider drug tolerance to prevent the emergence of resistance.
Collection of new bird species discovered on small Wallacean islands
Researchers discovered 10 new species and subspecies of songbirds from three under-explored islands off Sulawesi, Indonesia. The findings mark the largest number of new species identified from a small geographically confined region in over a century.
Contaminating a fake rubber hand could help people overcome OCD, study suggests
Researchers tested whether contaminating a fake rubber hand could help people with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) overcome their contamination fears. The 'rubber hand illusion' technique showed promise in reducing disgust and anxiety levels, paving the way for new treatment options.
Kazan University and TNG Group working on aerial drone surveillance for the hydrocarbon industry
Researchers at Kazan University are developing advanced aerial drones with devices such as detectors and special cameras to enhance geological surveys. The goal is to analyze upper strata of rocks, evaluate hydrocarbon potential, and improve forest planning and soil analysis.
Surgery may add months or years of survival for adults with rare and deadly brain cancers
Researchers found that surgically removing the entire tumor can boost median survival length from eight months to 16 months or more. The study analyzed data from 103 patients and suggests surgery may be a viable treatment option for brainstem high-grade gliomas, which are rare and deadly brain cancers.
Acidic environment could boost power of harmful pathogens
Recent research in Caenorhabditis elegans suggests that a moderately acidic digestive tract may actually make bacterial pathogens more potent. This finding could have significant implications for addressing antibiotic resistance worldwide.
A 'pivotal' moment for understanding whale evolution
Researchers have discovered a key to understanding the evolution of whales by analyzing the range of motion of their joints. By studying this range of motion, scientists can infer the feeding behaviors of extinct cetaceans, providing new insights into their diets and physiologies.
Team led by NUS avian researcher discovered 10 new bird taxa in Wallacea
A joint research team from NUS and LIPI uncovered five new bird species and five subspecies in three small island groups off Sulawesi, Indonesia. The discovery highlights the incomplete understanding of species diversity in complex areas like Wallacea.
BU researchers: Pornography is not a 'public health crisis'
Researchers from Boston University School of Public Health argue that calling pornography a public health crisis endangers the health of the public by leading to unwarranted policy shifts. The existing evidence suggests negative health consequences for some individuals, but not substantial harm overall.
Improved functioning of diverse landscape mosaics
A new study reveals that landscapes with mixed land uses are more productive and stable than those with uniform use. The research found that diverse landscapes can mitigate effects of climate variation and interact in ways that improve the functioning of the entire landscape.
'Gift of life' marketing fails to motivate many donors
A study published in PLOS ONE found that using altruistic terminology may not be effective in targeting non-donors. Instead, focusing on a sense of social obligation could lead to better cut-through rates. The researchers also discovered that blood donors tend to have higher primary prosocial characteristics like altruism and empathy.
Rejuvenating the brain
Scientists at TU Dresden used a method to stimulate neural stem cells, leading to increased neurons and improved cognitive function in old mice. This study suggests that boosting stem cells may be a promising approach to rejuvenate the brain and counteract aging-related cognitive impairments.
Less severe cases of diarrheal illness can still lead to child mortality, research shows
A landmark study by the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) found that even mild cases of diarrheal illness can be fatal to young children. The study, published in Lancet Global Health, suggests that more aggressive action is needed to prevent and treat all cases of diarrheal illness, regardless of severity.
SourceUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine·JournalThe Lancet Infectious Diseases·DateJan 9, 2020
Global warming is the kindling that caused extensive wildfire
A recent study published in Science Advances finds that global warming is the primary cause of extensive wildfires in Siberia. The research reveals that climate conditions, such as changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature, play a crucial role in fire spread.
Nuclear radiologists 'outsmart' prostate cancer with an apparently ineffective drug
Researchers found that blocking androgen receptors can increase the density of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) sites on tumor surfaces, allowing for more targeted radiation therapy. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
SourceSaarland University·JournalEuropean Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·DateJan 9, 2020
Bandage material helps stop bleeding without adhering to the wound
Researchers have developed a superhydrophobic material that repels blood and promotes fast clotting, making it ideal for use as a bandage. The material's antibacterial effect also reduces the risk of infection when changing bandages.
Stellar heavy metals can trace history of galaxies
Astronomers have cataloged signs of 9 heavy metals in supergiant and giant stars, allowing researchers to study the chemical composition and evolution of galaxies. By analyzing these elements, scientists can reconstruct the history of galaxies, including events like binary neutron star mergers that affected the Milky Way.
SourceNational Institutes of Natural Sciences·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series·DateJan 9, 2020
The Lancet: Study suggests mental health impact of ongoing social unrest in Hong Kong
A 10-year study found that the prevalence of probable depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were significantly higher during the 2019 social unrest in Hong Kong compared to pre-2014 levels. The study estimates that mental health-care providers may need to prepare for a 12% rise in demand for public sector services.
Scientists observe ultrafast chemistry in water caused by ionizing radiation
Researchers have observed the ultrafast formation and breakdown of the water ion created when water is exposed to ionizing radiation. This reaction occurs in just 50 femtoseconds and leads to the creation of highly reactive radicals that can damage biological tissue.
Common genetic defect in prostate cancer inspires path to new anti-cancer drugs
Researchers discovered that reactivating the PPP2R2A gene can slow or stop prostate cancer progression. The study found that patients with only one functional copy of the gene have shorter survival rates, and that reconstituting PP2A protein ultimately kills prostate cancer cells.
Shark and ray vision comes into focus
Cartilaginous fishes, including sharks and rays, have lost the SWS1 and SWS2 opsin genes, leading to cone monochromacy and limited color vision. The study provides detailed insights into their visual pigments, shedding light on evolutionary adaptations to ocean environments.
SourceSMBE Journals (Molecular Biology and Evolution and Genome Biology and Evolution)·JournalMolecular Biology and Evolution·DateJan 9, 2020
Advancing neural stimulation: Pitt engineer designs a wireless, light-activated electrode
A Pitt engineer has received a $1.6M NIH award to develop a wireless neural device for precise and long-term stimulation of specific neurons. The proposed technology uses photostimulation to activate neurons with great precision, minimizing tissue damage and improving spatial selectivity.
Using a robot to deploy robots in remote oceans
The AutoNaut is a specially-adapted sea-going robot that can deploy an underwater Seaglider, carrying sensors for climate research. The vessel has been tested off the coast of Barbados and will be used to track cloud formation and its role in the climate system.
UCF study: Judo may help health, social interactions of children with autism
A pilot study from the University of Central Florida found that judo lessons increased moderate to vigorous physical activity among children with autism, reducing sedentary time. Participants also showed improved social interaction skills and comfort with physical contact.
SourceUniversity of Central Florida·JournalJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders·DateJan 9, 2020
Harvard researchers help explain link between emotion and addictive substance use
A set of four integrated studies by Harvard researchers reveals that sadness plays a strong role in triggering addictive behavior relative to other negative emotions like disgust. The studies show that individuals experiencing sadness are more likely to be smokers and relapse into smoking after quitting.
Large 'herbivores of the sea' help keep coral reefs healthy
Research suggests that maintaining a healthy size distribution of parrotfish in sea floor ecosystems is crucial for coral reef health. Experiments show that large parrotfish play a key role in controlling algae growth, and selective fishing practices could lead to an overgrowth of algae if these larger fish are removed.
Persistent genital arousal disorder -- PAIN Reports® presents update on rare neurological disorder
A new case series provides insights into Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder (PGAD), a rare condition characterized by recurring, unwanted sexual arousal. Neurological evaluation and treatment have been found to be effective in managing symptoms.
Machine learning shapes microwaves for a computer's eyes
Researchers at Duke University developed a new method to identify objects using microwaves that improves accuracy while reducing computing time and power requirements. The system uses machine-learning approach to jointly determine optimal hardware settings, cutting out the need for image analysis by humans.
Wake up dormant dopaminergic neurons to reverse Parkinson's disease
Researchers discovered that Parkinson's disease symptoms begin when dopaminergic neurons are in a dormant state, not just after death. Treatment targeting excessive astrocytic GABA may alleviate symptoms by awakening dormant neurons.
How do fruit flies see in color? Columbia study uncovers human-like brain circuit at work
Researchers found a brain circuit that enables fruit flies to see in color, similar to the human capacity for color vision. The study sheds light on the transmission of information from the eye to the brain and could inspire future technologies for those with vision impairments.
Researchers decipher a new way that immune cells detect infections and cancers
A breakthrough study published in Science has deciphered a new way that gamma-delta T cells detect infections and cancers. The research team identified a key molecule, butyrophilin 2A1, which is present on the surface of these immune cells and binds to specific molecules on cancer cells.
Sensing protein wellbeing
Researchers create two-modal fluorogenic probe to monitor protein aggregation, enabling detailed assessment of polarity and unfolded protein load. The NTPAN-MI probe offers a sharper picture of cellular stress responses, allowing for more accurate knowledge of crosstalk between components.
Plant life expanding in the Everest region
Research using satellite data reveals significant increases in subnival vegetation cover across four height brackets in the Himalayan region. The study found a stronger trend in increased vegetation cover between 5,000-5,500m above sea level, with conditions at Mount Everest's top height range showing signs of plant growth.
Study reveals insights on hidden sexual-arousal disorder
A new study reveals that persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is caused by altered nerve firing and spinal cord damage, which can be treated with neurological interventions. The study found that 80% of patients benefited from treatments targeting the affected nerves and areas.
Breast density notification laws not effective for all women
A new study suggests that state-mandated notifications on mammogram reports intended to inform women of the health risks related to breast density are not worded effectively, particularly for those with lower education levels.
Decoding hidden brain chatter to advance neuroprostheses
Researchers have discovered a way to reconstruct stable neural activity patterns from tens of neurons, potentially allowing for consistent control of neuroprostheses over long periods. This breakthrough has immediate implications for advancing neuroprosthetic devices that bypass neurological injuries.
AAFP releases updated feline retrovirus guidelines to the veterinary community
The AAFP has released updated Feline Retrovirus Testing and Management Guidelines, providing current information on pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The guidelines aim to optimize care for feline patients infected with FeLV and FIV, and offer practical guidance for veterinarians and cat caregivers.
African grey parrots spontaneously 'lend a wing'
Researchers found that African grey parrots voluntarily help each other achieve a goal without immediate benefit, showing innate helping behavior. The parrots' ability to understand when help is needed and transfer tokens to others demonstrates their complex social intelligence.
An international study discovers a new origin of lymphatic vessels in the heart
A new vasculogenic niche contributes to cardiac lymphatic system development, with cells originating from different tissues. The coronary lymphatic vessels have varied origins and functions.
SourceCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (F.S.P.)·JournalDevelopmental Cell·DateJan 9, 2020
'Resurrection ecology' of 600-year-old water fleas used to understand pollution adaptation
Researchers used ancient Daphnia samples and modern-day organisms to understand how they cope with eutrophication events. They identified clusters of genes adapted to high phosphorus levels, shedding light on evolutionary responses to environmental change.
SourceSMBE Journals (Molecular Biology and Evolution and Genome Biology and Evolution)·JournalMolecular Biology and Evolution·DateJan 9, 2020
Early humans arrived in Southeast Asia later than previously believed
New dates from Sangiran suggest early humans arrived between 1.3-1.5 million years ago, nearly 300,000 years after previous estimates, with implications for understanding human migration and settlement in Asia.
Prosocial and tolerant parrots help others to obtain food
African grey parrots exhibit prosocial behavior by helping others obtain food rewards, even when it's not in their immediate interest. They also reciprocate favors and are tolerant of unequal treatment due to their long-term monogamous nature.
Peering into the genome of brain tumor
Researchers at Osaka University developed a machine-learning algorithm that uses MRI images to predict genetic mutations in glioma tumors. This breakthrough may lead to more suitable treatment for patients, giving better outcomes. The study was published in Scientific Reports.
NASA-NOAA satellite tracks Tropical Storm Blake's remnants spreading
The remnants of Tropical Storm Blake are moving southeast through the South Interior area of Western Australia, threatening heavy rainfall and strong winds. Damage from the system is expected due to winds averaging 31-37 mph and potential flooding from daily rainfall totals of 3-6 inches.
New study shows dominance of local air pollution sources in Delhi
A comprehensive study by the University of Surrey shows that local activities like construction, vehicle traffic, and domestic heating contribute significantly to Delhi's high air pollution levels. The research highlights a clear trend with higher pollutant levels in winter months, mainly due to crop burning and biomass burning.
Martian water vapor varies with the seasons
Scientists studied Martian atmospheric water vapor using ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter data, finding seasonal changes were the dominant regulator. The study suggests that warm seasons can lead to increased water loss into space, impacting Mars' continued desiccation.
Safety events: 40% of gun owners reported not locking all guns -- even around kids
A study found that 40% of gun owners reported not locking all firearms, even in the presence of children, emphasizing the importance of safe storage devices. The study also showed that nearly 3,000 people attended public gun safety events and planned to use free safety devices within a week.
Mars: Water could disappear faster than expected
Researchers found large atmospheric pockets of water vapour at an altitude of over 80 km, accumulating in unexpected proportions. The capacity for water to escape increases during certain seasons due to the observed supersaturation rates.
In fighting gut infections, nervous system is key, Yale-Harvard team finds
Scientists found that nerve cells release infection-fighting cytokines to combat bacterial invaders, rather than immune cells. This discovery provides new insights into the body's response to food poisoning and other illnesses.
Discovery of gene that modifies the severity of inherited kidney disease
Researchers have identified a second gene, BSND, which determines the severity of kidney disease in patients with Joubert syndrome. The discovery has significant implications for diagnosis and treatment of genetic kidney diseases, offering hope for personalized therapies to reduce disease severity.
Response to fire impacts water levels 40 years into future
A new study found that fire impacts water levels for up to 40 years after a wildfire, with increased flooding and elevated stream flow in subsequent summers. Salvage logging and re-seeding forest areas can help reduce these effects and restore normal water levels.
How bacterial evolution of antibiotic arsenals is providing new drug blueprints
Researchers have identified two distinct types of antibiotics produced by bacteria that target the same cell wall component, offering a promising approach to combatting antimicrobial resistance. The discovery provides chemical blueprints for pharmaceutical chemists to design new, effective drugs.
New $3 million project to study opioid medication use in criminal justice setting
The Geographic Variation in Addiction Treatment (GATE) study aims to identify factors influencing opioid medication use among individuals with opioid use disorder in the criminal justice system. The study will investigate how personal networks, structural factors, and geographic location shape treatment decisions.
Copper-based nanomaterials can kill cancer cells in mice
Researchers have successfully used copper-based nanomaterials to eliminate tumour cells in mice, combining with immunotherapy for long-lasting immune effects. The breakthrough offers a novel approach to treating lung and colon cancers without the use of chemotherapy.
Team's fabricated corneal tissue allows closer look at how eyes heal
A team of researchers has developed a technique for fabricating tiny strands of collagen called fibrils to facilitate further research on the eye's repair process. The study, funded in part by a $1.8 million NIH grant, aims to improve our understanding of how corneal keratocytes respond to injury and leave scar tissue.
An out-of-the-box attack on diabetes
Researchers identified growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a key player in delaying type 1 diabetes onset in diabetic mice. Treatment with GDF15 reduced development of diabetes by 53% in non-obese diabetic mice, providing a potential target for prevention and treatment.
Getting to the heart of heart beats: Cardiac thin filament structure and function revealed
CryoEM technique reveals structural changes in cardiac muscle thin filaments that regulate heartbeat function. The study provides a molecular basis for novel drug design to treat diseases such as cardiomyopathy.
Study finds deforestation is changing animal communication
A new study has found that deforestation is changing the way howler monkeys communicate in their natural habitats. The research, led by Laura Bolt at the University of Waterloo, reveals that howling duration and intensity vary depending on proximity to forest edges impacted by human activity.
From as young as 4, children see males as more powerful than females
Research shows that children aged 3-6 consider dominant individuals to be boys, with a power-masculinity association observed in both boys and girls. However, in some situations, particularly when considering power relations with the opposite gender, girls do not significantly identify with the dominant character.
New study suggests 21-gene recurrence score may help in radiation decision-making
A new study shows that the 21-gene recurrence score test, commonly used to predict disease recurrence and chemotherapy benefit in breast cancer patients, may also help determine whether radiation therapy is necessary. Patients with intermediate or high scores are more likely to see their cancer return and benefit from radiation.
Prostate cancer can now be diagnosed better using artificial intelligence
Researchers at Radboud University Medical Center developed an AI system that accurately diagnoses prostate cancer aggressiveness using deep learning. The system performed better than ten human pathologists and provided consistent results, reducing the need for subjective Gleason scoring.
Vector-borne causes of fever in cats demand year-round preventive therapy
Fever in cats is often caused by infectious agents transmitted through fleas, ticks, and sandflies. Consistent use of products that rapidly kill vectors or prevent bites is crucial to preventing these diseases.
Harnessing biology and technology to develop new depression treatments -- update from Harvard Review
A special issue of Harvard Review of Psychiatry explores new treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) by examining five key areas, including gender differences, neuroscience-based interventions, the role of the microbiome, opioid-based therapies, and technology in treatment. The research aims to develop more effective treatments ...
Preparing for the hydrogen economy
Researchers found hydrogen accumulates at microstructures in steels, weakening them and leading to catastrophic failures. The discovery of niobium carbide clusters that trap hydrogen offers a solution to design embrittlement-resistant steel.
Recurrent miscarriage: Diabetes drug could lead to new treatment
Researchers found an average increase in stem cell count of 68% with minimal side effects, reducing 'stressed' cells and improving conditions for pregnancy. The treatment aims to prevent miscarriage by normalizing the womb lining.
Product distribution restraints are not equal research shows
Researchers Heski Bar-Isaac and John Asker found that MAP can be beneficial for consumers who seek lower prices, but also allows manufacturers to get more money from less price-discriminating shoppers. The study suggests a one-size-fits-all approach to regulating MAP is misguided.
SourceUniversity of Toronto, Rotman School of Management·JournalThe Journal of Law and Economics·DateJan 9, 2020
Colorectal cancer risk remains despite modern treatment for ulcerative colitis
Patients with ulcerative colitis have a significantly elevated risk of developing and dying of colorectal cancer, even with modern therapy. A large study found that these patients have a 66% higher chance of being diagnosed with colorectal cancer compared to the control group.
Researchers discover new building blocks of catalyst zeolite nanopores
Scientists at UMass Amherst have discovered a new way to understand the structure and vibrations of zeolites, which are used in refining petroleum and biomass. The team's findings provide insights into the formation of nanopores and dynamical behaviors, leading to potential advances in materials for clean energy and carbon capture.
SourceUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst·JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society·DateJan 9, 2020
A new effort to tackle tuberculosis
Researchers at the University of Dundee are working on a new effort to tackle tuberculosis, identifying new treatment options for the disease. With a $3 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, they aim to improve drug discovery and develop new candidate drugs to treat TB.
Food textures affect perceptions of healthiness
A study found that people perceive biscuits with different textures as healthy or unhealthy, influencing tastiness and purchasing likelihood. The research suggests using non-healthy looking textures to overcome the perception that healthy is not tasty.
Psoriasis: Towards a novel therapeutic approach
Researchers discover that targeting VEGFA signaling in the epidermis prevents psoriasis development, including immune cell infiltration and blood vessel formation. A therapeutic anti-Nrp1 antibody demonstrates significant therapeutic benefit in treating psoriatic disease.
Ultrasound can make stronger 3D-printed alloys
Researchers used ultrasound to shake metal alloy grains into tighter formations during 3D printing, resulting in improved tensile strength and yield stress by 12%. The technique can be applied to various commercial metals, enabling the production of high-performance structural parts or structurally graded alloys.
Scientists observe ultrafast birth of radicals
Researchers observed the ultrafast proton transfer process following water ionization, creating a hydroxyl radical. The reaction is crucial for nuclear engineering, space travel, and environmental remediation, and its understanding may lead to strategies to suppress radiation damage.
A new method to study lithium dendrites could lead to better, safer batteries
A new method to study lithium dendrites was developed using an environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM) in a carbon dioxide atmosphere. The team successfully grew and observed needle-like structures that can short out batteries and cause fires, providing insights into ways to prevent their appearance.
Scientists transform a BBQ lighter into a high-tech lab device
Researchers develop a cost-effective laboratory device called ElectroPen, which applies short bursts of electricity to temporarily open cell walls. The device is built using inexpensive components, including a piezoelectric crystal taken from a butane lighter, and can be assembled in just 15 minutes.
Integral molecular announces preclinical P2X7 antibody assets for autoimmune disorders
Integral Molecular has developed a panel of fully humanized P2X7 antibodies against autoimmune disorders like atopic dermatitis and glomerulonephritis. The company's MPS Antibody Discovery platform successfully isolated high-affinity antibodies with antagonist or rare agonist activity.
Moths' flight data helps drones navigate complex environments
Researchers used moths' real flight trajectories to develop decision-making programs for autonomous vehicles. The program performed better in simulations of complex forest layouts, incorporating information about object locations into navigational decisions.
Common plasticizer disrupts C. elegans egg production
A new study finds that low doses of DEHP impair egg production in roundworms by increasing DNA double-strand breaks and hampering repair systems. This can lead to chromosomal defects and embryonic development problems.
A conversation could be the answer to successful rehabilitation of prisoners
Researchers found that inmates who reflected on their time in prison showed increased trust and reciprocity towards the outside world. A structured conversation intervention was found to be effective in promoting positive rehabilitation and social reintegration after release.
Baby and adult brains 'sync up' during play, finds Princeton Baby Lab
Researchers at Princeton University found measurable similarities in baby and adult brain activity during natural play, showing that babies' brains are 'on the same wavelength' as adults', leading to a feedback loop of influence between their brains.
Lack of insurance cause of survivorship gap in minorities with cancer, study shows
A new study published in JAMA Oncology finds that lack of insurance coverage is a major cause of delayed breast cancer screening and treatment among minority women. The research highlights the need for adequate health insurance to reduce racial outcome disparities in breast cancer.
IVI to lead critical standard reagents availability for oral cholera vaccine manufacturing
The International Vaccine Institute (IVI) has received a $1.4 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to develop international standards for oral cholera vaccine manufacturing. This will enable multiple manufacturers to produce low-cost vaccines, meeting global demand and ensuring uniform efficacy.
Beyond 5G lab: Communication technology of the future
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg has received a €1.7 million grant from the DFG to establish a Beyond 5G lab, focusing on rapid wireless data transfer and innovative system concepts. The lab will develop a unique measuring platform for millimetre-waves and terahertz communication systems.
BPA replacement hinders heart function, study reveals
A new University of Guelph study finds that BPS can hinder heart function, especially in females, with effects occurring within minutes of exposure. The study's findings raise concerns about the safety of BPS as a replacement for BPA and suggest banning it from consumer products.
The claw disease tyloma is primarily genetic in cows
Researchers at MLU and Georg August University Göttingen discovered a gene responsible for tyloma, an interdigital hyperplasia affecting up to 60% of German cattle. The disease can lead to tears in skin, bacterial infections, and shortened lifespans.
New insulin compound could improve therapy for diabetes patients
Scientists have developed a non-fibrillating form of human insulin called glycoinsulin, which demonstrates the same glucose-lowering effects as native insulin without fibril formation. This discovery presents a promising solution for patients relying on insulin pumps and could improve the shelf life of insulin products.
SourceThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health·JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society·DateJan 9, 2020
Heart disease linked to a higher risk of kidney failure
A new study found that cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and coronary heart disease, are each linked with a higher risk of developing kidney failure. Adults hospitalized with heart failure had an 11.4-times higher risk of developing kidney failure than individuals without cardiovascular disease.
SourceAmerican Society of Nephrology·JournalJournal of the American Society of Nephrology·DateJan 9, 2020
Scientists use ancient marine fossils to unravel long-standing climate puzzle
Researchers used ancient marine fossils to fingerprint temperature and carbon levels of seawater during the middle Miocene Climate Optimum. The study found that massive volcanic eruptions triggered a decline in ocean pH, leading to increased sea-levels and flooding.
How successful are retailer-themed super saver events?
Researchers found that retailer-themed super saver events (ReTSS) increase retailer visits and purchases, particularly among non-primary customers and hard-discount shoppers. The events' use of a common savings theme leads to a substantial lift in consumer behavior, but with smaller baskets and null effect on profit.
Addressing the emotional toll of pediatric chronic conditions
A new report from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center highlights the emotional toll of pediatric chronic conditions on families. The Roadmap Initiative, launched in 2017, provides a set of tools and resources for pediatricians to improve emotional health support, including strengths-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and mind...
First patient for Parkinson's disease trial recruited
A UK-wide trial has started recruiting patients for a three-year study on preventing falls in people with Parkinson's disease, led by the Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol. The trial will test whether a commonly prescribed dementia drug can prevent debilitating falls and improve patients' qu...
New possible strategy for treating chronic pain due to burns may help sufferers including veterans
Researchers have identified a potential new treatment for chronic pain caused by burns, targeting PAK1 molecule. The discovery of Romidepsin, an existing cancer drug, provides a promising avenue for re-purposing to treat long-lasting complications.
New study shows 'organic' wounds improve produce
A recent study published in Scientific Reports found that simple leaf wounding in plants can increase the production of healthier organic fruit. The research team discovered that stress responses created in the fruits and vegetables lead to an increase in antioxidant compounds prior to harvest, making them healthier for human consumption.
First genomic study of puberty yields insights into development and cancer
Researchers analyzed genome-scale data from male adolescents to understand changes in stem cells during puberty. They found that testosterone is crucial for maintaining mature testis development, and disruptions can lead to infertility and increased risk of testicular cancer.
Toward a smarter way of recharging the aquifer
A research team at Washington University in St. Louis found that dissolved organic compounds can trigger the mobilization of arsenic in recharged aquifers. When oxygen is introduced into the aquifer, it triggers oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals, releasing arsenic into the water.
Molecular factories: The combination between nature and chemistry is functional
Researchers developed molecular factories by combining natural vesicles with synthetic organelles, demonstrating no toxicity in animal models. These factories can produce complex structures and assembled molecules, paving the way for artificial cells in laboratory or living organisms.
New closed-loop system offers promise as novel treatment for post-bariatric hypoglycemia
Researchers developed an automated glucagon delivery system to treat post-bariatric hypoglycemia, reducing the risk of unpredictable low blood sugar levels. The closed-loop system, comprising a CGM and glucagon pump, provides patients with a safe and reliable treatment option.
SourceJoslin Diabetes Center·JournalThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·DateJan 9, 2020
'Bilingual' molecule connects two basic codes for life
Scientists have developed a 'bilingual' molecule that combines DNA and protein codes, enabling communication between nucleic acids and proteins. The molecule holds potential for diagnostics, gene therapy, and drug delivery targeted to specific cells.
Break point
Researchers found that DEHP disrupts meiosis in worms, leading to defects during egg formation and early embryonic development. The chemical causes excessive DNA breaks and interferes with the system that repairs them, resulting in abnormal chromosomes and reduced embryo viability.
One-fourth of children with autism are undiagnosed
A Rutgers study found nearly 25% of autistic children under age 8 were not diagnosed, highlighting disparities in diagnosis rates for black and Hispanic youth. Researchers suggest screening all toddlers and using patient navigators can help reduce these gaps in care.
Kangaroo mother care reduces infant mortality
A study led by Professor Halvor Sommerfelt found that kangaroo mother care increased the chance of survival among low-birth-weight infants by 30% in the first month and 25% in the first six months. This intervention is considered easy and inexpensive.