Researchers found emission from laterally coupled quantum dots is strongly polarized along the coupling direction and can be shaped by changing excitation polarization. This control enables optically-controlled anisotropic wavefunctions, opening new avenues for data storage and thermoelectric energy harvesting.
A comprehensive review of COVID-19's non-respiratory effects reveals high rates of blood clots, kidney failure, and neurological symptoms. The review highlights the need for clinicians to consider COVID-19 as a multisystem disease requiring treatment beyond respiratory support.
The new volume uses a health equity approach to focus on factors associated with cancer disparities research and identifies potential solutions. Studies highlight the impact of lifestyle on breast cancer risk and link mammary gland development to breast cancer disparity.
A new study finds differences in gun culture across the US, with three strands identified: recreational use, self-defense, and Second Amendment advocacy. Gun Culture 3.0 is characterized by fear of government threats and increased in states with stricter gun laws.
A new single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of over 59,000 cells from COVID-19 patients and influenza patients reveals distinct immune responses to both diseases. The study suggests targeting the IFN-I signaling pathway as a potential treatment strategy for severe COVID-19.
A new study has pinpointed the specific brain cells responsible for triggering sugar cravings and overconsumption. The research, led by Matthew Potthoff and Matthew Gillum, reveals that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts on glutamatergic neurons to lower sugar intake and sweet taste preference.
A new study by Cornell University and Washington State University found that climate change will force farmers to choose between lower yields and higher revenue volatility. The research team used a model to explore the impact of drought-tolerant crop varieties, which can improve average yields but also increase revenue fluctuations.
Researchers at Washington State University discovered a fatty acid called dihomogamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) that can induce ferroptosis in human cancer cells. This iron-dependent type of cell death has been linked to various diseases and may hold potential as a treatment for cancer.
A new study finds that people with face blindness use different memory processes for face recognition, relying on familiarity rather than recollection. The research suggests that successful facial recognition requires more than a vague familiarity with a face.
The GRACE-FO satellites measured significant water mass deficits in Central Europe during the two consecutive summer droughts of 2018 and 2019. The deficits reached 112 Gt in 2018 and 145 Gt in 2019, accounting for 73% and 94% of the average fluctuation in seasonal water storage.
A study from Aarhus University links national productivity statistics with actual work done on construction sites, revealing a decline in productivity since the 1970s. By optimizing processes, contractors can generate an estimated $5.4 billion annually in the US and Canada by spending just 36 seconds more per hour on value-adding work.
Researchers at University of Vermont develop nanocage tool that can select and activate specific polymer chains in a lab, opening doors to new possibilities for precision chemistry and industrial applications.
Researchers analyzed fecal samples from healthy Japanese individuals and detected phage-derived antibacterial enzymes that control pathobionts. These enzymes were shown to regulate C. difficile infection in mice, providing a potential treatment for this disease.
A new study has identified genes more frequently altered in prostate tumors from men of African ancestry compared to other racial groups. The research found no significant differences in frequencies of mutations in genes important for current prostate cancer therapies, but suggests that precision medicine approaches can be effective if...
A new framework aims to improve care quality in nursing homes during the pandemic and beyond. The framework provides a path for leaders to guide quality assurance and informed decision-making in response to COVID-19.
Rebekah Charney, a postdoctoral researcher at UC Riverside, has received a five-year Pathway to Independence grant from the NIH to study Mowat-Wilson syndrome. Her research aims to understand the mechanisms underlying neural crest cell development and craniofacial pathologies.
A recent study reports evidence of intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to infant, highlighting the importance of protecting pregnant women from COVID-19. The findings suggest that infection can occur during pregnancy, and researchers emphasize the need for further research into mechanisms and risk factors.
A genetic study spanning seven countries has identified distinct population clusters of the American Crocodile, with regional differences found in Northern, Central, and Southern America. The findings highlight the importance of habitat conservation and management strategies tailored to each population's unique needs.
Biologists at the University of Bayreuth have discovered a unique form of rapid regeneration in zebrafish neurons. Mauthner cells, responsible for escape behavior, can regenerate their axons within a week after injury. This finding disproves the widely accepted view that these cells are unable to regenerate.
Zhao and Cheng are working on a project to develop new gradient-free methods for training various types of deep neural networks. They aim to create an algorithmic and theoretical framework for model parallelization based on gradient-free optimization, as well as efficient distributed workflow systems.
A Basel study found that COVID-19 patients' lungs have insufficient levels of lopinavir and hydroxychloroquine to fight the virus. The drugs, previously thought to be potential treatments, were shown to be ineffective due to inflammation blocking their absorption.
The study analyzed 150 patients' cranial CT scans and identified three types of angular arteries, with the artery's depth varying by age. The findings suggest that injecting hyaluronic acid into elderly patients requires special caution to avoid damaging the artery, which can be exposed due to fat volume loss.
A UC Riverside-led study highlights the importance of working memory capacity in social distancing compliance. Individuals with higher working memory capacity are more likely to follow recommended guidelines, even after controlling for psychological and socioeconomic factors.
Researchers found that a fundamental principle of lasers, compensating for losses with amplified light, is only an approximation. A tiny excess loss due to luminescence inside the laser provides the key to understanding the spectral linewidth.
A recent study found that female faculty members scored slightly better than their male peers on teaching evaluations performed by surgeons-in-training. The results were unexpected, as previous studies had shown a negative bias against female faculty in academic medicine.
A Montana State University professor's research on plant chemistry published in Global Change Biology reveals increased greening across the Northern Great Plains and Northern Rockies. The study found decreased levels of nitrogen and increased levels of carbon in recent plant samples, as well as improved water use efficiency.
The MUSC team, led by Leslie Lenert and Dee Ford, developed a prototype called Portable Remote Operational Wireless Enabled Surge Specialist ICU (Prowess-ICU) to address COVID-19 surge capacity. The Prowess-ICU model integrates technology-based and patient-centered care solutions within existing regional health care networks.
NASA tracked Tropical Storm Fay's development using satellite data, creating an animation of the storm's progression. The strongest storms were located in the northeastern quadrant, with temperatures as cold as -63 degrees Fahrenheit, indicating powerful thunderstorms and potential heavy rainfall.
Research reveals complex changes in the Arctic Ocean driven by anomalous influxes of oceanic water from lower-latitude oceans. This process, known as borealization, affects physical, chemical, and biological communities in distinct ways.
A Baycrest-CAMH study aims to examine the effects of COVID-19 and physical distancing on the mental health of older adults. The researchers will monitor changes in mental health and identify factors that affect seniors' emotional well-being, informing public health decisions and potential interventions.
A new study applies liquid-metal synthesis to create atomically-thin tin-monosulfide with excellent electronic and piezoelectric properties, enabling flexible nanogenerators for wearable electronics and biosensors. The resulting material displays high durability and flexibility, making it suitable for commercial implementation.
Researchers at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia have discovered a novel chemical compound that shows promise in treating core symptoms of brain disorders such as Down syndrome and autism. The new compound selectively blocks the transporter NKCC1, which is dysregulated in these conditions.
Researchers propose a novel vdW heterostructure for MIR light-emission applications using BP and TMDC materials. The BP-WSe2 heterostructure shows a type-I band alignment, enhancing MIR photoluminescence by ~200%. In contrast, the BP-MoS2 heterostructure forms a type-II band alignment, enabling efficient MIR electroluminescence.
A team of scientists has found that iron-platinum thin films exhibit minimal expansion when heated, making them suitable for HAMR memories. The discovery was made using ultrashort X-ray pulses to measure the crystal lattice's response to laser excitation.
The $496,000 USDA grant will help design new CEA training programs at Cornell University to address the industry's growing need for a skilled workforce. Participants will gain expertise in CEA infrastructure and advanced knowledge in environmental monitoring and marketing skills.
A new study reveals that a single slow touch on the Venus flytrap's trigger hair can also trigger trap closure, allowing it to catch slow-moving larvae and snails. The researchers used highly sensitive sensors and mathematical models to determine the forces needed to trigger the mechanism.
Researchers at the University of British Columbia and the University of Manitoba found that certain bacteria in breast milk co-occur with their infants' stool. Breastfeeding directly at the breast was strongly associated with a baby's overall gut microbiota composition.
Researchers at the University of Chicago have developed a way to stretch and strain liquid crystals to generate different colors, leading to a wide range of optical effects. This technology has potential applications in temperature and strain sensors, enabling remote measurement without contact.
A study by TGen has identified a drug, SP-2577, which can enable the immune system to attack ovarian cancer. The drug, also known as Seclidemstat, was developed to inhibit LSD1, a protein that is abundant in SCCOHT ovarian cancer.
A new study warns of the power of social influence in shaping organ donation decisions, revealing the 'lone wolf' effect where individuals opting out trigger a cascade of similar behavior. The researchers found that people are more likely to opt out if they perceive others doing so.
A new study reveals that aerosol boxes designed to protect healthcare workers during COVID-19 may not be effective and could even increase exposure to airborne particles. The research found that the boxes increased airborne particle contamination by a factor of 5 times or more, posing a significant risk to frontline health workers.
A new microscopy technique reveals the interactions between particles in thin film coatings as they dry, shedding light on their properties and behavior. The research has implications for pharmaceutical devices used to deliver drugs.
A new study found that consuming whey protein at night increases blood sugar levels in the morning for healthy individuals. This unexpected result may help inform strategies to improve blood sugar control, but further research is needed to confirm its applicability to other populations.
Researchers found that the drug mifepristone blocks inflammation and reduces health decline in female fruit flies after mating, leading to longer lifespans. This effect is similar to what happens in women who take the drug, suggesting it may also extend human lifespan.
Perovskite solar cells have a love-hate relationship with sunlight, generating energy but also impairs stability and performance over time. Research reveals that charged particles in perovskites flow to areas with low band gap, causing clusters to form and limiting efficiency.
Researchers propose orbital engineering to overcome efficiency limitations in high-Al-content AlGaN quantum wells. By inclining the quantum well plane, they modify energy variations induced by orbital coupling, enhancing quantum confinement and radiative transition rates.
A study found that abnormally high blood sugar in COVID-19 patients without a previous diabetes diagnosis increases the risk of death and severe complications. The study also showed that men are at a higher risk of dying than women, and that patients with more severe pneumonia have a higher risk of death.
A study of beluga whale social behavior reveals that they form complex societies with multiple group types and dynamic membership. Like humans, belugas exhibit a wide range of grouping patterns and have long-term affiliations with unrelated individuals, indicating the importance of kinship in their social structure.
A fast-spreading mutation in the H3N2 flu subtype has effectively blocked antibodies from binding to a key viral protein, according to researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study suggests that flu vaccines focusing on one protein may not be enough to protect against evolving viruses.
Researchers developed a noninvasive method to assess the effect of cellular immunotherapies on the tumor microenvironment, which inhibits the immune response and evades cancer treatments. Nano-radiomics combines imaging technology with radiomics to analyze changes in the TME that conventional methods cannot detect.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have found evidence suggesting that a megaeruption of an Alaskan volcano, Okmok, may be responsible for widespread climate change in ancient Rome and Egypt. The eruption is believed to have occurred around 43 BCE, causing temperatures to drop by as much as seven degrees Celsius.
A hemispherical vanadium oxide cluster cavity can stabilize a polarized Br2 molecule, enabling selective bromination of alkanes. The study reveals different product selectivity compared to the radical mechanism.
A new study published in Pediatrics concludes that children infrequently transmit Covid-19 to each other or adults. With appropriate social distancing measures and community transmission rates considered, many schools can safely reopen in the fall.
Zhi Tian will receive funding to develop communication-efficient approaches for collaborative learning from private data in big data computing. Her goal is to minimize overall runtime, communication costs and total samples used.
Kelly Schrum, Jessica Otis and Nate Sleeter will use the funding to support doctoral students and early-career researchers in world history scholarship. The grant aims to develop a high-quality, peer-reviewed Open Educational Resource (OER) for teachers, scholars and students.
A research team at the University of Warwick has developed a single-pixel terahertz imaging technology that reaches 100 times faster acquisition than the previous state-of-the-art. This breakthrough enables potential use in biomedical and industrial applications, including non-invasive security and medical screening.
Researchers from Osaka University found that adiponectin, a fat cell hormone, improves the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment for heart failure. The study showed that increasing adiponectin levels strengthens cardiac function following MSC therapy.
Australian experts warn of a surge in chronic liver disease due to alcohol misuse and obesity-related liver disease. The number of cases has increased three-fold over the past 10-15 years, with over 6 million Australians affected.
A new study found that Michigan's Medicaid expansion program significantly improved health outcomes for the most vulnerable residents, including those with extremely low incomes and chronic health conditions. The program also saw improvements in health among participants of all ages, backgrounds, and geographic regions.
Researchers at Medical University of South Carolina found that the brain uses similar visual areas for mental imagery and vision, but with less precision. This study has potential applications for understanding PTSD and other mental health disorders affecting mental imagery.
Researchers have identified a new biomarker, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), associated with cognitive decline in old age. The study found that ADMA levels were linked to decline in cognitive performance assessments after four years.
A large study found increased risk of heart disease, chronic liver and kidney disease, and physical function impairment in people with HIV. The study aims to develop effective prevention strategies and guidelines for cardiovascular risk management in this population.
The 'Mountaineer Mathematics Master Teachers' project aims to improve math outcomes in West Virginia by supporting 40 secondary math teachers as master teaching fellows. The project will research the impacts of teacher retention, leader development, and student achievement in mathematics.
The report aims to clear an ethical pathway forward for research on HIV and co-infections in pregnant women. It provides 12 concrete recommendations to promote the study of pregnant women's own health needs, enhance post-approval safety evaluations, and contextualize risk findings.
Tropical Storm Cristina has become better organized with a curved band around the center and ragged eye visible in satellite images. Cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 70 degrees Fahrenheit indicate strong storms with the potential to generate heavy rainfall, and maximum sustained winds near 70 mph.
Researchers find that manipulating magnesium intake can improve photosynthetic efficiency and growth in rice plants. By understanding the daily pattern of magnesium uptake, scientists may be able to develop new strategies for improving crop yields and addressing global food shortages.