A study found that more than half of US students experience significant summer learning losses, with an average loss of 39% of school year gains. This can lead to widening achievement disparities, especially among disadvantaged students.
A new study highlights the importance of access to nature in addressing community health needs, citing benefits to physical, mental, and social health. Researchers recommend incorporating assessments of nature access into patient encounters and refer patients to community groups increasing green areas.
The study confirms that the speed of light is constant in vacuum, as predicted by Einstein's general relativity theory. No energy-dependent time delay was detected in the arrival times of gamma rays from a high-energy gamma-ray burst, supporting GR. Strong constraints on the quantum gravity energy scale were also set.
Researchers discovered a phase transition in quantum dot films, where conductivity increases when linker molecules replace long capping molecules. This breakthrough could lead to better solar panels and digital displays.
Researchers mapped out immune system of haematological malignancies to identify drug targets and patient groups for immunotherapies. Cytotoxic T and NK cells are abundant in certain subtypes, such as activated B cell-like B cell lymphoma and acute myeloid leukaemia.
Researchers at Kumamoto University found that DNA methylation in the serotonin transporter gene is inversely correlated with amygdala volume in male patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The study suggests a potential biomarker for onset prediction, diagnosis, and therapeutic effects.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed nanocages to trap noble gases, including xenon and krypton, which can improve nuclear reactor efficiency and reduce radioactive waste. The team plans to scale up the production of these materials with partner Forge Nano.
A new method uses hafnium isotopes to determine the origin of Roman glass, confirming that high-quality glass was made in Egypt. The study sheds light on the production of transparent glass, a valuable commodity in ancient Rome.
A study of fruit flies has found that analyzing small molecules involved in cell metabolism can help understand how calorie-restricted diets affect aging and lifespan. The research identified several genes linked to changes in metabolite levels, shedding light on the complex interplay between genetics, environment, and diet.
Researchers created a basic model of an ant body using ellipsoids to understand center of balance and evolution among body segments. The study reveals how ants maintain balance despite large head sizes, with implications for bio-inspired machine design.
Researchers at University of Huddersfield found that the benefits of using inhalers and nebulisers containing steroids outweigh the risks despite COVID-19 concerns. The study confirms that patients with asthma or COPD can continue using their regular medicines, including steroids.
Researchers from Arizona State University found that coral outplant survival drops below 50% if sea surface temperatures exceed 30.5 degrees Celsius, highlighting the importance of considering temperature conditions in reef restoration efforts.
A new device reduces perceived loudness of urban noises by up to half through sound wave cancellation. The device, consisting of 24 speakers and a sensor, is tested in a replica room with various noise sources, demonstrating up to a 10 decibel reduction.
A study of over 2,000 women found that those who delivered by C-section were less likely to conceive after unprotected intercourse, with approximately 69% conceiving compared to 78% for vaginal deliveries. The association remained even after accounting for various factors.
A University of Rochester Medical Center partnership increased long-acting reversible contraception adoption among adolescents in Rochester by 20 times compared to the national average. The Hoekelman Center's community outreach initiative empowered adults to educate teens, providing accurate information and resources.
Research reveals subtropical species are winners in future climates due to their ability to adapt to rising temperatures, while temperate species are most vulnerable. The study provides a catalogue of genes that informs about the adaptive capacity to climate change.
Researchers have developed a novel immunotherapy using genetically modified natural killer cells to target and kill cancer cells in glioblastoma multiforme, a highly aggressive brain tumor. The treatment approach has shown high efficiency and is considered safer than other cell-based therapies.
Researchers found that chatbots can provide reliable guidance to those with COVID-19 symptoms, easing the burden on medical providers. When users trust the provider of the screening hotline, they view chatbots more positively than human agents.
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a global consumption loss of $3.8 trillion, accompanied by job losses equivalent to 147 million full-time positions. However, decreases in production and air travel led to environmental benefits, including a 2.5 metric gigaton reduction in greenhouse gases.
A decentralized global system could screen wild animals and their products for disease-causing viruses, allowing for early detection of potential pandemics. The proposed system would use rapid genetic sequencing on site and upload to a central database for analysis.
A study by KAIST researchers used X-ray scattering to track protein folding, revealing multiple forms of an unfolded protein follow different pathways and timelines. The findings could improve computer simulations, paving the way for better disease studies and drug development.
A recent study by Penn State researchers found that people seeking novel sensations and taking risks are more likely to enjoy bitter beers like IPAs. These individuals perceive bitterness more intensely and have a higher tendency to drink pale-ale-style beers.
Researchers monitored air temperature, humidity, and particulate matter pollution during the 2019-20 Australian bushfires. The study found specific combinations of air temperature and relative humidity led to higher pollutant accumulation, highlighting the importance of understanding microclimatic impacts on urban areas.
A new, reusable face mask made of durable silicone rubber and an N95 filter has been designed to be easily sterilized and used many times. The team tested various sterilization methods and found that the material remained undamaged after autoclaving, oven treatment, or soaking in bleach and isopropyl alcohol.
This observational study compared patients with acute coronary syndrome presenting during and before the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate stress cardiomyopathy incidence. Stress cardiomyopathy was found to be more prevalent during the pandemic, suggesting a potential impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular health.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory developed new global models to study the impact of environmental controllers on soil organic carbon, reducing uncertainty in predicting climate change impacts. The models improve the spatial representation of soil organic carbon in Earth system models.
A study by the University of Guam found that cycad stem cuttings require wound sealants to survive and propagate. The researchers discovered that petroleum jelly, lanolin paste, honeycomb wax, and even modelling clay can effectively cover wounds and retain hydration.
Researchers at the University of Virginia have discovered how plants make cellulose, a key component of cell walls. Cellulose is created through molecular machinery that produces three chains, which are then transported to the cell surface and assembled into microfibrils for added strength.
A team of researchers has discovered a new role for a tiny linker in regulating transmembrane ion channels, which could lead to new targets for drugs and treatment in conditions such as hypertension and autism. The study found that the linker plays a more active sensing role than previously thought.
A new study reveals that exercise conveys its benefits to the brain through circulating blood factors, improving cognitive function and regenerative effects in aged mice. GPLD1, a protein abundant in exercised mice's plasma, is identified as a potential mediator of this effect.
Research highlights the link between unhealthy lifestyle habits, emotional stressors, and increased risk of respiratory infections. Social isolation, loneliness, and interpersonal conflicts are also major contributors to the spread of COVID-19.
Researchers found that bats' ability to control inflammation may hold clues to developing new treatments for diseases in humans. By understanding the mechanisms underlying bats' unique abilities, scientists may be able to develop therapies to fight diseases like COVID-19.
A study by VIDO-InterVac researchers discovered that a Salmonella biofilm protein can cause autoimmune responses and arthritis in animals. Similar amyloid proteins have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS.
Researchers use advanced X-ray technology to study ancient fish fossils, revealing modern features and challenging previous assumptions about tooth evolution. The findings suggest that the ancestors of modern vertebrates retained a common dental structure, with new teeth added on the inside, contrary to long-held perceptions.
Researchers discovered that metastatic breast cancer cells can reprogram natural killer (NK) cells to stop killing cancer cells and instead aid in metastasis. This work also identifies new immunotherapy strategies to reverse this reprogramming process, offering a potential way to prevent or reduce breast cancer mortality.
A patented technology monitors stroke survivors' health parameters from the brain and cardiovascular system. Post-stroke rehabilitation starts instantly after medical stabilization, with a high risk of second strokes within 4 years.
Researchers analyzed extracellular vesicles in human prostate cancer cells to understand how cancer spreads. The findings suggest a new approach to diagnose malignancies without invasive biopsies.
Researchers have identified a gene, TMEM106B, as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and frontotemporal dementia. The study found that a mutation in this gene disrupts the formation of myelin sheaths around nerve fibers, leading to neurological defects.
A cutting-edge study has identified ATAD3 as the most common cause of lethal mitochondrial disease in children dying soon after birth. The study found that spontaneous gene alterations resulted in fatal heart failure, but parents have a low risk of passing the disease to their next child.
Researchers found that microbes inside hydrocarbon seeps have less efficient, fast-growing lifestyles while those outside have slower but more efficient lives. This difference in lifestyle could mirror how microbes behave higher in the water column.
A Cornell University study reveals that food safety training and planning can lead to increased sales and revenue for small-scale farmers. By investing in food safety practices, these farmers can tap into new markets and buyers, resulting in overall gains.
Scientists at Tokyo University of Science synthesized a compound that may be key to understanding the elusive quantum spin liquid (QSL) state. The QSL state is characterized by disordered spins, similar to molecules in liquid water but unlike crystalline ice.
A UCLA research team has received a two-year, $2 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to support development of a process that can convert carbon dioxide emissions into construction materials. The technology captures CO2 directly from raw flue gas, reducing emissions and using less traditional cement.
Researchers used ATLAS to track Egyptian fruit bats and found they use a cognitive map to navigate their environment, remembering locations of food sources and roosting caves. This study provides the most comprehensive evidence for a cognitive map in any wild animal.
A new ageing well initiative aims to bring together children with older people in a structured way, delivering health and wellbeing benefits for all. The Child Care in Aged Care project promotes meaningful community connections and challenges stereotypes through intergenerational activities.
Researchers used synchrotron microtomography to visualize ancient fossils and found that acanthothoracid teeth were attached to jaw-bones like modern fish and land animals. This discovery challenges the common perception that sharks are primitive living vertebrates.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine discovered that breast cancer cells can alter the function of NK cells to facilitate their spread. The study suggests preventing this reprogramming might stop breast cancer from metastasizing, a major cause of death in breast cancer patients.
The study used advanced metrics from information theory to describe the collective behavior of small schools of ayu fish, finding that groups of three or more exhibited noticeably different dynamics. This work may aid in developing cooperative biomimetic swarming robots and help understand fundamental problems in complexity theory.
Researchers found a significant 57% increase in Arctic Ocean primary production between 1998 and 2018, with phytoplankton biomass driving the increase in recent years. This suggests an influx of new nutrients into some regions of the Arctic Ocean.
A study of human and mouse genes reveals a link between intron phase and length, shedding light on the functioning of brain cells. Long phase 1 introns found in genes involved in nerve impulse transmission may play a key role in this process.
Researchers must consider factors like population immunity, social distancing, and baseline immunity when evaluating vaccine efficacy. Adequate sample sizes are needed to demonstrate vaccine effectiveness, which may be influenced by COVID-19 severity in vaccinated individuals.
A new nanoconjugate has been developed to target and kill acute myeloid leukemia tumor cells without harming healthy ones. The nanoparticle is specifically designed to bind to the CXCR4 receptor, which is overexpressed in leukemic cells, and deliver a potent toxin that kills the cancer cells.
Researchers replicated extreme rainfall events in Central and South America's neotropics, finding top-heavy food webs with predators when rainfall varied daily. This altered the trophic structure of bromeliad tanks, affecting energy flow through ecosystems.
The grant will support masters and doctoral-level training programs in critical fields like industrial hygiene and occupational ergonomics. It aims to improve worker health, safety, and well-being in the American workforce.
A nearly complete skeleton of an extinct large dolphin found in South Carolina reveals that this species was a top predator in its community. The findings suggest that modern baleen and toothed whales evolved similar features independently, driven by parallel evolution in the same aquatic habitats.
A Northwestern University-led team has developed an AI-powered platform to make federal court records publicly available, enabling researchers to analyze and evaluate the justice system. The tool aims to provide quantitative feedback to fix variations in judges' decisions on fee waivers, ultimately promoting fair access to justice.
A study by MIT scholars reveals that social media sharing interferes with assessing news accuracy, but participants who think critically or have scientific knowledge share fewer false headlines. Rating non-Covid-19 headlines before sharing Covid-19 news increases accuracy significantly.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham found that biomechanical forces in the tumor microenvironment enhance breast cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. The study also discovered that exosome production plays a key role in promoting aggressive tumor growth and inducing immune suppression.
A new Alaskan fossil discovery of a juvenile dromaeosaurid jaw bone has significant implications for the understanding of Cretaceous period dinosaurs. The study, published in PLOS ONE, supports the theory that some Arctic dinosaurs did not migrate with the seasons but were year-round residents.
A study in Seattle reveals COVID-19 patients requiring emergency medical services exhibit distinct clinical characteristics and symptoms. The research highlights the need for accurate diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes.