A team of researchers at Penn State has developed a handheld ultraviolet light device that can effectively disinfect areas by killing the novel coronavirus. The device uses high-performance UV LEDs emitting a high intensity of UV light, which is currently limited by transparent electrode materials.
Researchers analyzed 70 years of records on North American deer mouse population trends, finding a general decrease in mass over time, despite expected links to climate and urbanization. Urban areas showed shorter mice with similar body mass, hinting at complex relationships between environmental factors and mammalian adaptation.
Researchers developed a novel AI-managed trading strategy that outperforms traditional methods, achieving greater gains and fewer losses. The proposed system utilizes convolutional neural networks to analyze layered images of current and past market data, leading to more accurate predictions and reduced randomness.
A study by NYSCF Research Institute creates human stem-cell-derived astrocytes that become toxic to neurons in disease-like environments. This phenomenon could lead to effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's.
Research highlights the importance of balancing healthy eating with nutrient-dense diets to avoid deficiencies. A new study also links weight loss diets to a higher risk of orthorexia nervosa, while another study suggests that gut microbes may play a role in predicting weight loss success.
A new model called Swiftaid has been developed to automate the process of claiming Gift Aid on donations, allowing charities to claim up to £2.50 for every £10 donated. This system uses formal methods to improve design and security, streamlining the process and unlocking millions in extra funding.
Viral particles move along microtubules to form a nuclear vesicle, releasing HIV-1 into the nucleus. This phenomenon is similar to cell endocytosis and reveals new insights into HIV-1 nuclear entry.
Scientists propose that asteroids Bennu and Ryugu were formed directly as spinning-top shapes due to a collision, with their equatorial craters ruling out recent re-shaping. The team's computer simulations suggest two possible explanations for the different hydration levels of the two bodies.
Researchers at the University of Central Florida have created an Ice Favorability Index to aid in the detection of water ice deposits on the moon. The study provides valuable insights into the geological processes that form these deposits, enabling companies to better understand the risks and rewards of lunar mining.
A new study by Waseda University researchers found that orbital ordering in a vanadate compound exhibits a clear nucleation-growth behavior. The team discovered two soft phases similar to vapor and water, with surface tension between the phases, a phenomenon never observed before in electron-based phase transitions.
A new study suggests that college men who play video games are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits and reduced physical activity. The research found that gamers consumed more saturated fat and sodium, while engaging in less fruit and vegetable consumption.
Researchers at Harvard and MIT have developed pop-up shoe grips inspired by snake skin that increase friction between the shoe and ground. These assistive grips could significantly reduce the risk of falls among older adults and improve the mobility of all-terrain robots.
New climate model projections indicate that droughts will become longer and more frequent globally, particularly in regions like the Amazon, Mediterranean, and southern Africa. The study's findings suggest that variability in rainfall is a key factor in predicting future drought intensity.
Researchers determined that the Great Oxidation Event occurred within a time interval spanning the Paleoproterozoic Era's two sedimentary formations. The study suggests the GOE predated global glaciation, contrary to previous assumptions.
A large analysis of over 200,000 people found that high-quality carbohydrates like whole grains are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Researchers also discovered that replacing low-quality carbohydrates with saturated fats is linked to a reduced risk of developing the condition.
Research at Binghamton University found that female college students exhibit reduced academic interest and increased impulsive behaviors with high alcohol use. The study suggests gender-based differences in brain function and metabolism contribute to these findings.
Academic emergency departments have a legal, historical, and ethical obligation to provide safe evaluation and care to anyone in need. The Federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) prohibits EDs from turning away patients, ensuring access to medical screening and care for all 120 million ED visitors annually.
Researchers at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory discovered that the lateral septum tracks rewards with an emphasis on location. This brain region plays a crucial role in filtering and converting raw information about location into reward-specific output.
Research by the University of Bristol found that certain fish perform better in disordered groups due to their increased alertness and ability to detect food sources. This challenges the traditional view of orderly group behavior as always beneficial for foraging, highlighting individual diversity as a key factor.
Researchers at Medical University of South Carolina report that adding a compound to reduce inflammation improves learning, memory and motor recovery after stroke. The treatment may also extend the treatment window by reducing risk of hemorrhage.
Researchers at MIT create nanoparticles that stimulate the immune system, making cancer immunotherapy more powerful. By combining these particles with checkpoint inhibitors, they achieved a synergistic effect that halted tumor growth and even stopped tumors from spreading.
Scientists have made a breakthrough discovery in understanding small cell lung cancer, finding that it can change and adapt to evade treatments. The study suggests that the tumor is like a 'moving target' that requires multiple treatments to be effective.
A new study suggests that taking extra choline supplements during pregnancy may mitigate the negative impact of viral respiratory infections, including COVID-19, on fetal brain development. Higher prenatal choline levels have been shown to protect the fetus's developing brain from the effects of virus infection.
The COVID-19 outbreak led to a significant decrease in national enrollment in cancer clinical trials, according to a new study. The research found that the pandemic disrupted clinical trials, resulting in a substantial drop in participation.
A team of researchers sequenced 55 ancient genomes from northern China, finding correlations between genetic changes and subsistence strategy shifts. The study reveals that the West Liao River region experienced significant genetic changes over time, while the Yellow River showed a general stability but received genetic contributions f...
A team of scientists suggests a digital COP26-Part 1 to complement the traditional event, ensuring transparency and accessibility. The proposal includes announcing unilateral pledges on ambitious national climate plans and initiatives to strengthen communities' resilience.
Researchers have discovered a novel drug that selectively controls excessive inflammation, a key driver of conditions like osteoarthritis and COVID-19. APPA demonstrates anti-inflammatory potential without compromising the body's ability to fight off infections.
The Solar Ring mission aims to study the Sun and its influence on the inner heliosphere using a novel six-spacecraft configuration. The mission will provide unprecedented capabilities, including determining the photospheric vector magnetic field with unambiguity and resolving solar wind structures at multiple scales.
A study by the University of the Basque Country reveals 12 former coastlines under the sea off the Basque coast, formed due to major climate changes and fluctuations in sea levels. The researchers used advanced technology to create 3D maps of the seabed, showing irregularly distributed rocky platforms that had not been predefined.
A recent study published in the Journal of Neuroscience found that high estrogen levels may increase feelings of reward in response to alcohol in female mice. The research suggests that treatment for alcohol use disorder may be more effective if sex differences are considered.
Researchers at MIT have developed a friction-boosting material that can be used to coat shoe bottoms, increasing grip on ice and other slippery surfaces. Laboratory tests showed a 20-35% increase in friction with the kirigami-coated shoes.
Research by Liao Chen reveals significant differences between simple and realistic models of aquaporins and glucose transporters, leading to a better understanding of their biological functions. The study's findings have implications for diseases such as de Vivo's syndrome and multiple forms of cancer.
Researchers have developed TurboRVB, a first-principles quantum Monte Carlo package that overcomes drawbacks of density functional theory and wavefunction-based calculations. The code features resonating valence bond-type wave functions, state-of-the-art optimization algorithms, and lattice-regularized diffusion Monte Carlo method.
The Student Collaboration Project aims to diversify the field of space science by providing undergraduate and graduate students with a firsthand research experience. Students will design, build, and launch CubeSats that collect data on the Earth's upper atmosphere.
Laurence Yeung's research aims to unify theory and experiments on oxygen isotopes to improve estimates of primary productivity in the oceans. He also seeks to resolve interlaboratory discrepancies and study biosphere productivity over a billion years.
A study of 58 cities found that each day's delay in implementing social distancing measures added 2.4 days to the outbreak duration. Early intervention can save lives and reduce transmission by acting quickly upon signs of resurgence. The findings have implications for US cities, particularly those with high rapid transmission rates.
Research using 113,620 women's data found mobile phone ownership increased household decision-making power and HIV knowledge. Worldwide mobile phone adoption also linked to decreased gender inequality and mortality rates.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that the halo surrounding the Milky Way galaxy is much hotter than initially thought, with temperatures reaching up to 10 million degrees Kelvin. This new discovery could help astronomers understand how galaxies form and grow, as well as the elements that contribute to these halos.
The OU College of Medicine has been awarded a $11 million federal grant to create the Oklahoma Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity. The center will focus on researching various types of infections, including fungal, bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, and how the immune system recognizes and destroys them.
A new laboratory experiment reveals that climate geoengineering can lead to increased inequalities and economic losses, particularly when countries employ 'free driving' strategies. The study also found high strategic uncertainty and miscoordination among countries through counter-geoengineering solutions.
Researchers at West Virginia University are developing reusable, environmentally friendly mask filters using wood-derived materials to address PPE shortages. The filters, made from polylactic acid, nanocellulose, and nano copper, aim to prevent viruses and microorganisms from penetrating masks.
Atmospheric scientists at Colorado State University discovered a region of the Southern Ocean with clean air free from aerosols produced by humans, providing a rare example of an environment minimally affected by human activity.
Researchers estimate national fossil-fuel-derived CO2 emissions by observing carbon-14 in air samples. The new method uses a model of atmospheric transport to disentangle CO2 variations from natural sources, providing an independent and objective estimate.
Researchers at Stockholm University developed a new recycling method for NiMH batteries, which improves their performance and reduces production costs by up to 95%. The process involves mechanical washing and separation of reusable electrode material, making it easier and cheaper than traditional battery recycling methods.
A new study finds that people with Type 1 diabetes spend an average of $2,500 a year on healthcare costs, with diabetes-related supplies costing more than insulin. The study also highlights the importance of automating glucose monitoring and insulin delivery for young children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.
Recent research suggests that a higher degree of readiness is associated with higher commitment to a relationship. Readiness also predicts relationship maintenance beyond commitment, but surprisingly, it's also linked to less loyalty. The study found that individuals who feel more ready may prioritize relationships over other issues an...
A long-term lab study reveals that climate change is drastically reducing the skeletal strength and filter-feeding capacity of glass sponges. The findings indicate that ongoing climate change could have serious, irreversible impacts on these sprawling reefs in the Pacific Northwest.
A study led by Arizona State University researchers found that classical novae are galactic producers of lithium. The team used simulations, observations, and laboratory studies to determine the role of these stellar explosions.
A new MRI technique has been developed to improve the detection of tumors by enhancing the accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements. The technique uses a phantom designed to assess imaging quality and simulate hindered and restricted diffusion, allowing for more precise tumor differentiation.
A systematic review and meta-analysis commissioned by the World Health Organization found that physical distancing reduces COVID-19 transmission. Face masks and eye protection also decrease infection risk, with limitations noted for individual protection.
Researchers at Queensland University of Technology developed a blockchain prototype system for digital rights management and royalty distribution, creating new revenue streams for small publishers. The project enabled micro-payments via smart contracts to creative professionals involved in the writing and publishing process.
Jonas Baltrusaitis is investigating dry mechanochemical synthesis of urea ionic cocrystals for more stable fertilizer materials. This technology aims to slow down urea hydrolysis, reduce ammonia emissions and extend nitrogen availability to plants.
Researchers found TSH testing performed on most pregnant women without thyroid disease, leading to unnecessary thyroid hormone therapy. The study suggests that minor elevations in TSH may not require treatment, raising concerns about overmedicalization during pregnancy.
A team of engineers at the University of Cambridge has successfully trained a robot chef to prepare an omelette using machine learning, with improved taste and texture. The robot's culinary skills were refined to produce a reliable dish that meets human standards, overcoming the subjective nature of cooking.
A study assessed mental health of young Chinese physicians before and during COVID-19 outbreak, finding anxiety, depression, and fear were prevalent among them. The researchers aimed to shed light on the impact of pandemic on medical professionals' well-being.
A Texas A&M University research project, led by Dr. Justin Wilkerson, aims to identify the damaging effects of vacancies in aluminum's atomic structure on ballistic performance. The study uses supercomputing facilities to calculate changes due to vacancies over time and may lead to improved armor materials for the US Army.
Researchers created flexible feet using coffee grounds and structures inspired by nature, allowing robots to walk up to 40% faster and grip better on various terrains. The new design outperforms traditional robot feet in adapting to natural environments.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University develop a novel material called NT-3DFG, which enables remote optical stimulation of neurons without genetic modification or cellular stress. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding cell interactions and developing new therapies that harness the human body's own cells.
Researchers at The Francis Crick Institute identified a genetic cause of testicular tissue developing in people with female chromosomes. They found that mutations affecting the Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1) gene lead to an imbalance that favors male testis development.
A randomized trial found that extended rituximab infusions were associated with lower relapse rates in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Long-term rituximab use is considered an effective and probably safe treatment option for patients with AAV, according to the study's findings.