Skoltech scientists developed sensitive sensors based on cobalt oxide nanoflakes to detect various alcohols, including toxic methanol. The new technology enables quick and accurate tests for safe air quality, applicable to medical diagnostics and ambient air monitoring.
In one dimension, bosons can form a Fermi sea similar to non-interacting fermions, but still exhibit bosonic velocity distribution. This phenomenon demonstrates the complex behavior of ultracold gases in optical lattices and has implications for quantum devices and systems
Researchers from University of Jyväskylä uncovered historical data on phage therapy's successful use against dysentery and staphylococcal infections in Brazil. The study sheds light on the revived interest in phage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
Researchers at the Babraham Institute found that applying genital wart treatment can enhance the immune system of older mice and humans. By boosting T follicular helper cells, they were able to rescue age-dependent defects in immune cell types, offering hope for improving vaccination response in older populations.
A recent study published in JAMA Network reveals that COVID-19 can cause acute myocardial inflammation leading to fatigue and signs of heart failure. Researchers identified the presentation of this condition in a patient who recovered from influenzalike syndrome and developed symptoms a week after upper respiratory tract symptoms.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology found that heart size affects both vortex flow and pressure difference in dogs. The study suggests that correcting for these differences can be used to diagnose diastolic function in pediatric and veterinary medicine.
Researchers at University of Birmingham develop technique to control light passing through disordered surfaces, producing vivid colors. The method harnesses random clusters of gold nanoparticles to create a 'transparent cavity' that traps and releases photons with different frequencies, resulting in precise color reproduction.
The Medical University of South Carolina team has developed a DIY protective mask that can be printed at home using a 3D printer, working in tandem with a disposable filter cartridge. The design aims to provide an effective alternative to N95 masks during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Researchers developed a novel technique to study how deformed microtubules affect their function, shedding light on traumatic brain injuries and Parkinson's disease. Microtubules, like train tracks, transport molecular cargo, but become deformed in certain diseases.
A new research study led by Miss Yu Yan Yau and Dr Benoit Thibodeau from the University of Hong Kong found that reducing fossil fuel combustion can significantly decrease hypoxic zones in Chinese coastal seas, with the South China Sea being the most sensitive area to nitrogen input
A study of 72,000 adolescents and young adults found that exposure to family members with opioid prescriptions increases the youth's own risk of overdose. Higher rates of opioid prescription among young people also contribute to their increased risk of overdose.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that tackling unhealthy lifestyle factors can provide the greatest benefit in increasing life expectancy among those with severe mental illness. Interventions aimed at stopping smoking and reducing sedentary behavior show promise, with potential increases of 2 years and 1 year, respectively.
Researchers at Hokkaido University and Kao Corporation discovered that bound water on cotton surfaces causes cross-linking between single fibers, leading to stiffness. The study used atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy to investigate the bound water's unique properties.
A study by Lehigh University researchers found that firms with female directors announced high-severity product recalls 28 days sooner than all-male boards. This reduction in time translates to a 35% decrease in the overall recall period.
The iPS87 cell line is characterized as a cancer-inducing, stem cell-like cell line that can be used to develop novel treatments for prostate cancer. After 8 transfers, the cultured cells lost their tumor-inducing capability and stem cell marker expression.
Cervical cancer screening rates dropped by over 3% in four areas of Miyagi Prefecture after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, with rates still lower five years later. Long-term monitoring is needed to restore screening rates in affected areas.
Researchers used XMM-Newton space telescope data to search for a 3.5 keV X-ray emission line, a predicted signature of dark matter decay. No evidence was found, ruling out the signal strength by over an order of magnitude and challenging previous interpretations.
A new feathered dinosaur species, Dineobellator notohesperus, has been discovered in New Mexico, providing insights into the paleo-biodiversity of the American Southwest. The species, a member of the dromaeosaurid group, had feathers, flexible arms and hands, and a unique tail with a stiffened base.
A Kanazawa University researcher proposes a novel cosmological model that extends the concept of black hole thermodynamics. The model satisfies the second law of thermodynamics on the horizon and suggests regions where cosmological models are favored from a thermodynamic viewpoint.
The study found that SRK-181 inhibits latent TGFβ1 activation with high selectivity and overcomes primary resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy by altering the tumor immune landscape. Preclinical results demonstrated improved preclinical safety profiles compared to conventional inhibitors of TGFβ signaling.
Researchers have identified a gene linked to brain cancer in children that can aid in diagnosis and treatment. Elevated levels of the TPR gene were found in 38% of ependymoma cases, and its deletion led to reduced cancer growth and tumor shrinkage when treated with rapamycin.
Restoring drained peatland involves re-wetting, which brings water table closer to surface, reducing fire risk. Local community involvement is key to successful restoration, with alternative income sources needed for farmers.
Researchers at MIT used machine learning to streamline the discovery process for new materials, narrowing down 3 million candidates to eight promising options in just five weeks. The neural network was able to predict properties and optimize criteria, improving upon conventional analytical methods.
Researchers found that African Americans with kidney disease have higher rates of uncontrolled blood pressure when measured at home. Participants with masked hypertension had worse physical functioning than those with controlled hypertension.
Researchers have developed novel Cas9 variants that eliminate the need for a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), allowing for genome-wide targeting with unprecedented accuracy. These variants, SpG and SpRY, can correct mutations in previously 'un-editable' regions of the genome, expanding the potential of CRISPR-Cas systems.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center found that targeting histone deacetylase HDAC11 blocks cancer stem cell self-renewal and overcomes drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. The study suggests that HDAC11 inhibitors may be a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
Researchers found that roscovitine enhances nuclear enrichment of certain signaling molecules and promotes differentiation in leukemia cells treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). This novel mechanism reveals new therapeutic vulnerabilities and basic molecular features of ATRA-induced differentiation.
Researchers used dimensionality reduction analyses to identify fine-scale differences in the Japanese population, revealing greater population structure than previously thought. The study found eight sub-clusters within one of the populations, correlated with distinct islands in the Ryukyu region of Japan.
Researchers found that the abundance of Lactobacillus iners was associated with clearance of high-risk HPV infections, while Gardnerella bacteria were linked to progression to precancer. Monitoring Gardnerella and microbial diversity could help identify women at risk for pre-cancer.
Biophysicists analyzed the mechanical stability of a protein-ligand complex, finding that geometry affects stability and forces required to extract ligand vary by barrel structure. This discovery may improve experimental data analysis and understanding of mechanosensitive proteins.
A review article published in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy highlights the potential of remdesivir as a treatment for COVID-19. The antiviral has shown effectiveness against a range of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, with prophylactic treatment preventing clinical disease and viral replication.
Scientists created a model that represents a cell with two sensors responding to its environment. They tested various questions, including the impact of energy consumption and sensor interactions on cell sensitivity. The study found that these factors are not always crucial for high sensitivity, and noise levels play a significant role.
Researchers at KAUST have developed a cellular model of neuronal development that relies on L1 retrotransposons to form dopamine-producing neurons. The study reveals the importance of L1 activation in successful reprogramming of skin cells into neuronal cells.
A comprehensive guide on tree species selection has been developed to combat air pollution from roads. The new framework identifies 12 influential traits for 61 tree species that make them effective barriers against pollution.
A Rutgers University study suggests short-term disruptions of deep ocean circulation occurred during past warm interglacial periods, which may happen again due to climate change. The study found century-long disruptions in the North Atlantic Deep Water formation during four warm interglacial periods within the past 450,000 years.
Scientists have discovered a material that expands dramatically at low temperatures, mimicking water's expansion when frozen. The researchers used x-rays and theoretical descriptions to explain the phenomenon, which is attributed to the Kondo effect and could lead to new alloys for aviation and other applications.
A recent study reveals that marine species are shifting their populations towards the poles in response to ocean warming, with significant implications for global biodiversity and coastal ecosystems. The research found a consistent pattern of species abundance increases at poleward edges and declines at equatorward edges.
Researchers at Linköping University have discovered a quantum phenomenon that influences the formation of free charges in organic solar cells. Vibronic coherence contributes to photocurrent generation and can be used to increase efficiency.
Scientists developed an OLED with bright 1.5 μm electroluminescence due to enhanced Er emission through compositing an organic phosphorescent iridium complex with a separated organic erbium complex molecule.
Aarhus University researcher Ulf Simonsen is developing a treatment with Senicapoc to reduce severe lung damage and need for ventilators in COVID-19 patients. The project aims to assess the effect within two months.
Maintaining vitamin D receptor levels in pancreatic cells may protect against diabetes development and counteract cell damage. Researchers found that sustained VDR expression preserves β-cell mass and function, reducing inflammation and hyperglycemia.
A 10-year longitudinal study found that young people given a religious upbringing at home by both parents have the strongest faith in God. In contrast, those with only one parent or no parental influence experience wavering faith.
This observational study of older adults reveals racial and ethnic differences in depression severity and care. The findings suggest that these disparities exist even among those participating in a cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention clinical trial.
A BU MED student, Thomas Cheng, received a $3,000 award and two-year Journal of Vascular Surgery subscription for studying patient presentation and outcomes for dialysis in immigrant and refugee populations. The goal is to identify areas for improvement in this vulnerable population.
Researchers found that nanoparticles coated with trastuzumab were better retained in tumors and stimulated an anti-cancer immune response, even in HER2-negative tumors. The study suggests that the host's immune system plays a crucial role in determining nanoparticle retention and efficacy.
Researchers discovered remains of various marine animals in a Portuguese cave occupied by Neanderthals between 106,000 and 86,000 BCE. This finding suggests that many Neanderthal groups shared similar dietary habits, contradicting the common perception of them as cold-climate hunters.
A new study reveals that warmer winters and shorter ice-free periods in northern lakes significantly increase methane emissions. In Finland, this could lead to a 26-59% increase in methane emissions by the end of the century.
Researchers at UC Davis are conducting two clinical trials to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of remdesivir and sarilumab in treating hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. The studies aim to identify early signs of clinical benefit while avoiding ineffective therapies in critically ill patients.
Recent studies on the SARS-CoV-2 genome have been contradicted by a new study suggesting pangolins as the missing link in the virus's transmission from bats to humans. The researchers found protein sequences in sick animals' lungs that were 91% identical to the human virus' proteins, supporting the pangolin theory.
A new study reveals frequent disruptions to North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) stability during warm climate interglacials, contradicting previous notions of relative stability. The high-resolution sediment record suggests that large perturbations in ocean circulation are more easily triggered than previously thought.
Research by plant pathologist Gary Stacey aims to develop effective inoculation protocols for biological nitrogen fixation in non-leguminous crops. The study found that bacterial colonization leads to significant shifts in plant metabolism, with some metabolites more abundant in inoculated plants.
A post-fire survey at Stebbins Cold Canyon Reserve found that roughly a third of hikers felt energized and awed by the changes they saw. The study suggests people understand and appreciate the role of fire in natural landscapes, but may need education on local ecosystems to fully grasp its impact. Survey participants were highly famili...
A global collaboration has identified over 300 genetic variants influencing cerebral cortex structure and its relationship with psychiatric disorders. The study provides a genetic roadmap for understanding how genes impact brain structure and neurological consequences.
A new species of dromaeosaurid, Dineobellator notohesperus, has been discovered in the Ojo Alamo Formation in New Mexico. The dinosaur's unique features, including curved vertebrae near the base of its tail, suggest increased agility and improved predation success.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that more than 90% of legal marijuana products offered in medical dispensaries are stronger than recommended for chronic pain relief. This can lead to increased risk of developing cannabis-use disorders and tolerance, according to the study's lead author.
Researchers have documented seasonal migrations of deep-sea fish across the seafloor, linking surface-ocean productivity to observed behavioral patterns. This study provides evidence of cycles of movement in deep-sea fish and suggests reasons for their behaviors, potentially mirroring great migrations on land.
Cornell University astronomers created five models representing key points in Earth's evolution to aid the search for exo-Earths. These templates enable the identification of potential biospheres on distant planets with characteristics similar to our own, using powerful telescopes like NASA's James Webb Space Telescope.
A new machine-learning algorithm helps design lightweight glass compositions that are very stiff, suitable for next-gen materials in vehicles and wind turbines. The goal is to reduce weight while maintaining strength, leading to fuel efficiency improvements.
The study reveals that fishing and shellfish-gathering were crucial components of the Neanderthal subsistence economy in Portugal. This discovery sheds light on the cognitive skills of early humans, suggesting that access to marine resources may have contributed to their development.
A study warns that AI technology on product labels can be used for both producer benefit and consumer advantage. Researchers propose reformed regulations to prevent producers from manipulating consumers' expectations.