A new study reveals that flavorings containing benzaldehyde can form benzene when exposed to light, posing a risk to consumer health. The long-term solution lies in protecting these flavorings from light, particularly during production and storage.
An international team of scientists has discovered three new species of toothed pterosaurs in the Sahara region of Africa, providing a unique window into their evolutionary history. The fossils, found in Morocco's middle Cretaceous Kem Kem beds, reveal that African pterosaurs were similar to those found on other continents.
Australian scientists have identified a motor protein called CHD4 that helps cells access DNA information when needed. The discovery provides insights into how defects in this process contribute to diseases such as schizophrenia and cancer.
A researcher at Samara Polytech has designed a wind-powered generator with irregular cross-section conductors that reduces mass and dimensions, increasing efficiency. The design has been patented and implemented in electric machines with integrated electronic units and liquid cooling.
A new study led by NUI Galway researchers provides insights into the neural basis of general cognitive ability (IQ) and its relationship with brain structure and schizophrenia. The research used diffusion tensor imaging to analyze brain scans and measures of cognitive function in over 1,700 participants.
A new study found that assessing adverse childhood experiences and current anxiety and depression symptoms can ease cognitive distress in women after surgical menopause. The research also emphasizes the need to consider psychological state during medical procedures, suggesting that pre-surgical risk-benefit discussions may be beneficial.
Researchers develop new type of immunotherapy targeting macrophages in omental fat, which appears to reduce ovarian cancer spread and tumour growth. The study shows promise for improving treatment outcomes, but further testing is needed.
Researchers have discovered evidence of Neanderthals' extensive use of the sea as a food source, similar to modern humans in Africa. The findings suggest that Neanderthals were fisher-hunter-gatherers with a long-term coastal resource use record dating back to around 106-86 kya.
Scientists from North Carolina State University have developed a new technique that utilizes residual gamma radiation signatures to detect and locate radioactive materials, such as weapons-grade plutonium. The method relies on the unique properties of silicates in building materials like bricks.
A global analysis of over 300 marine species spanning more than 100 years shows that mammals, plankton, fish, plants, and seabirds are changing in abundance as oceans warm. Some marine species are benefiting from climate change, while others are declining due to warming temperatures.
Researchers at University College London have developed a new way to increase the functionality of umbilical cord blood stem cells, making them more suitable for transplantation. This breakthrough could improve treatment options for patients with blood cancers and other blood disorders.
A recent study found that older adults exhibit stronger mindful qualities, such as present-moment attention and non-attachment, which are linked to improved wellbeing. Mindfulness techniques can help build wellbeing at any age, including those developed through app-based programs like Calm and Headspace.
A new study suggests that appreciating consumers' merits and contributions can increase self-esteem, leading to higher overall satisfaction, repatronage intentions, and less complaining. The researchers identify specific situations where the superiority effect of appreciation holds or disappears.
Researchers at Stanford University explore viral and environmental characteristics that affect COVID-19 transmission via surfaces, air, and fecal matter. They propose a broader approach to understanding viruses to better predict their behavior in the environment.
Researchers propose a new therapeutic modality for sepsis by targeting cell-free chromatin in healthy cells. The study found that three cfCh-inactivating agents improved parameters related to sepsis, including increased survival rates in mice.
The University of California, Davis, has received a $1 million innovation grant to develop and distribute an adaptive learning platform that complements its existing LibreTexts resource. The platform aims to foster inclusivity in STEM fields, address equity gaps, and reduce STEM attrition rates among disadvantaged students.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum used artificial intelligence to predict the structure of thin films, reducing the need for extensive experiments. The team developed a generative model that can generate images of the surface of a layer under specific process parameters, enabling the identification of optimal material formulas.
Researchers found that increased CO2 levels reduced water loss and improved water use efficiency in trees during periods of drought and heat, but had no positive effect on carbon metabolism. The study suggests that the benefits of elevated CO2 are outweighed by the negative impacts of climate change.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered that intestinal alkaline phosphotase (IAP) helps maintain gut barrier function and reduces systemic inflammation, leading to increased lifespan and reduced frailty. IAP supplementation may have therapeutic potential for conditions linked to the gut and inflammation.
Research has discovered that a unique type of algae on turtle shells influences the surrounding microbial communities. This finding may contribute to supporting turtle conservation by understanding how diverse microbiomes protect animals against infections.
A study led by University of Leeds found that energy use and fossil fuels do not contribute significantly to increases in life expectancy. Instead, growth in national income and improving healthcare systems play a more crucial role.
Researchers at Ohio State University discovered a method to convert triphenylphosphine oxide into triphenylphosphine by sending an electrical charge through an aluminum container, reducing waste and toxic chemicals. This process has implications for the manufacturing of medications, fertilizers, and other substances.
A new antibiotic resistance gene, gar, has been discovered in environmental samples from India and found in several clinical pathogens, including Salmonella and Pseudomonas. This rare gene provides resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, which is concerning for treating multi-resistant bacteria.
Researchers used microelectrode arrays implanted in brains of two individuals with chronic tetraplegia to map motor functions down to single nerve cells. The study found that an area previously thought to control only one body part actually operates across a wide range of motor functions, demonstrating coordination between neurons.
Researchers analyzed buccal dental microwear to determine the diet of fossil Theropithecus oswaldi, finding a more abrasive diet than current T. gelada, similar to other primates that eat fruits and seeds in forested ecosystems.
Researchers created a platinum-titania catalyst that selectively breaks carbon-oxygen bonds in plant derivatives, producing biofuels. The strategy could be applied to design stable and active catalysts for industrial chemical production from biomass-derived molecules.
Researchers have discovered that cancer cells use fats as an energy source when detached from their point of origin, and that limiting access to a specific enzyme may starve them of this resource. The study suggests that an existing drug could be repurposed to treat chemo-resistant ovarian cancer.
A modified Grunow-Finke assessment tool (mGFT) has been validated against previous outbreaks, outlining 11 criteria for determining if an outbreak is of unnatural origin. The tool helps identify unusual strain patterns, genetic manipulation, and peculiar geographic distribution, indicating potential artificial origin.
A new study reveals that extremist migrants can significantly impact political developments in their destination regions, leading to persistent increases in far-right attitudes. The research found that migrated Nazi elites leveraged local party branches and intergenerational transmission of beliefs, spreading extreme views for decades.
An international research team discovered that Neanderthals consumed mussels, fish, and seals over 80,000 years ago, similar to anatomically modern humans. This finding suggests a potential link between seafood consumption and the development of cognitive abilities in these ancient human populations.
A new study found that women are significantly overrepresented as authors and disseminators of physician compensation studies, which are largely unfunded. This may contribute to slow progress in addressing pay disparities.
Researchers are exploring various treatment options for COVID-19, including the use of antiviral medications like remdesivir and tilarone. Several vaccine candidates are also being developed to combat the virus, with experts predicting a 12-18 month timeline for their completion.
Researchers at UW-Madison discovered that removing a specific gene from insulin-producing cells can prevent Type 1 diabetes in mice by allowing the cells to disguise themselves from immune cells. This genetic manipulation enabled the cells to evade an autoimmune response, leading to normal glucose levels and insulin production.
A new study published in Jama Network Open found that childhood overweight and obesity rates have plateaued in many middle- and high-income countries, but prevalence rates remain high. The rates of both conditions have increased in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Catalonia, Spain.
A new experimental model of severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) reveals that high TGFβ activity suppresses muscle regeneration and promotes fibroadipogenic progenitors, leading to muscle degeneration. The study identifies correcting the muscle micro-environment caused by high TGFβ as a therapeutic target.
A study of 33 newborns born to mothers with COVID-19 in China found that most infants recovered from the illness, with no long-term health consequences reported. The research aimed to better understand the impact of maternal COVID-19 on infant health and provide insights for medical professionals.
Researchers compared reusable elastomeric half-mask respirators with disposable N95 respirators, finding that healthcare personnel learned to use the reusable respirator quickly and with no additional time needed for fit testing.
Researchers at Texas Biomed launched a comprehensive multi-species study to identify the best animal model for COVID-19. The study includes four additional species and aims to pinpoint the most effective model for diagnostics, vaccines, and therapies.
Researchers identified predictive models for Crohn's disease, including a serum biomarker model with 76% accuracy, and explored the link between metal exposure in early life and IBD risk. Achieving deep remission early on was also associated with a significant decrease in long-term complications.
A randomized trial of high-dose targeted radiation versus observation found no significant difference in progression prevention among 54 men with recurrent hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. The study suggests that observation may be a viable alternative to radiation therapy for this patient population.
A study in Science reveals ancient coral records that show no correlation between volcanic eruptions and El Niño events. The analysis of oxygen isotopes in corals provides a high-fidelity record of ocean temperatures, spanning over 500 years of the last millennium.
Researchers used a computer algorithm inspired by slime mould to create a three-dimensional map of the cosmic web structure in the local Universe. The analysis revealed that intergalactic gas is organised into filaments and detected at distances over 10 million light-years from galaxies.
The Academic Freedom Index (AFi) provides near global data on national levels of academic freedom, including five indicators measuring different dimensions of freedom. The index helps researchers and stakeholders analyze trends across states and regions to strengthen academic freedom.
A phase II clinical trial found that stereotactic ablative radiation (SABR) slowed disease progression in a subset of men with limited spread of prostate cancer. SABR treatment was associated with an expanded population of T cells, suggesting a full-body immune system response to their cancers.
Researchers, led by Professor Edward Holmes, have identified a similar coronavirus in pangolins that may hold the key to understanding SARS-CoV-2's emergence. The study suggests that pangolins could be intermediate hosts for the novel virus and highlights the importance of banning 'wet markets' to prevent zoonotic transmission.
A new study by Penn State researchers found that validating a person's feelings can be more effective in supporting friends and family than critical or diminished emotional messages. The study used six different supportive messages, with highly person-centered messages producing the most emotional improvement.
Researchers successfully pressured tiny gold particles to assess their behavior under current flow, finding that gold behaves like a solid even at nanoscale. This discovery allows chip designers to continue using gold for critical wires in next-generation data processing devices.
A species of lipid DOPG has been found to aid healing of scratches on the cornea, even in humans with diabetes. The lipid stimulates cell growth and inhibits toll-like receptor activation, paving the way for potential clinical trials and treatment protocols.
Researchers found that Russian troll ads using fear and anger appeals worked well in getting people to engage, with a clickthrough rate of 9.2%. The study analyzed over 2,500 ads placed by the Internet Research Agency in 2016 and found that inflammatory language, such as cuss words and threats, was particularly effective.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has released interim guidance on infection prevention and control in long-term care facilities to prevent COVID-19 spread. The guidance emphasizes early detection, personal protective equipment use, and cleaning measures.
A new study from the University of Michigan and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has found no evidence that sterile neutrinos are dark matter. The research team used archival data from the XMM-Newton space X-ray telescope to search for signs of dark matter in the Milky Way galaxy, but their analysis yielded no results.
Researchers have fabricated high-performance mid-infrared laser diodes directly on microelectronics-compatible silicon substrates, paving the way for low-cost sensors for real-time environmental sensing. The new fabrication approach reduces costs by using industry-standard processing techniques.
In a new study, researchers found that male Trinidadian guppies observe nepotism when pursuing the opposite sex. They help their brothers by darting in front of other males to block access to a female. This behavior supports an evolutionary theory called kin selection, which can promote cooperation among relatives.
Researchers develop new technique to analyze X-ray telescope observations of 'empty' space within Milky Way galaxy, finding no evidence for 3.5 keV line associated with dark matter decay. The study's results limit simple models of dark matter and pave the way for future discoveries.
Glaciers in the Caucasus region are losing mass at a rate twice as fast as the average global mountain regions, with some areas decreasing by over 16% since 1986. The melting of glaciers poses significant risks to water supply and natural disasters such as rockfalls and mud flows.
A study by Texas A&M University researchers found that over 60% of urban expansion since 1970 came from agricultural land, posing serious concerns for fertility and food security. The trend, driven by small- and medium-sized cities in India, China, and Nigeria, threatens the livelihoods of millions of small farmers.
Researchers at the University of Montreal developed an AI technique to better define brain sections in newborns using MRI exams. This innovation enables quick, accurate, and reliable analysis of baby brains, supporting research on brain development and neuroprotection.
Researchers at Lund University developed a new imaging method to study protein structures within nerve cells, providing insight into the first molecular changes in neurons affected by Alzheimer's disease. This breakthrough may help explain the mechanisms behind the disease and potentially lead to effective treatments.
The Mayo Clinic has provided guidance on how to use ECGs to monitor patients at risk of drug-induced sudden cardiac death due to COVID-19. The guidelines aim to minimize the chance of fatal arrhythmias, particularly for patients taking antimalarial drugs like hydroxychloroquine.
Research from George Washington University and National Institute of Standards and Technology reveals that nutrition has a profound effect on the gut microbiome. The authors found that dietary fiber serves as fuel for gut microbiota, while protein can promote harmful byproducts that increase the risk of negative health outcomes.