A new study compares the distribution of mutations in human tumours to those in chimpanzees and gorillas. The research reveals that human tumours accumulate mutations in regions similar to those found in non-human primates, challenging previous theories on the genetic causes of cancer.
Recent studies have shown that Clioquinol exhibits anti-tumor activities in various cancer cell lines, inhibiting growth and inducing cytotoxicity. However, its clinical efficacy is limited due to poor absorption by tumor cells. Researchers are exploring novel combinations, delivery methods, and analogues of Clioquinol for improved can...
A new analysis suggests that no more than 2,700 Gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be needed to meet the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's global warming targets. This is less than leading estimates of available storage space globally.
Researchers have developed a membrane that can be attached to regular N95 masks, improving virus filtration efficiency and extending mask lifespan. The new filter, made from silicon-based material, features nanoporous structure with smaller pore sizes, blocking more SARS-CoV-2 particles.
A study published in Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience reveals the molecular underpinnings of electrical signals from potassium and sodium ion channels within neurons. The research identifies potential targets for future treatment strategies using existing drugs approved by the FDA.
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery shares update on COVID-19 evidence and strategies for managing the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. The review analyzes available evidence and identifies critical lessons from past pandemics to inform orthopaedic surgeons' responses.
Researchers from Surrey's Advanced Technology Institute have developed a biodegradable motion sensor that can be paired with AI systems to recognize movements of distinct body parts, enabling self-powered sensors without chemical or wired power sources.
The review examines how long immunity to coronaviruses lasts and the prospect of antibody testing. Professors Paul Kellam and Wendy Barclay discuss what is known about immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, including seasonal strains that circulate in humans every winter.
A new model of generic entry and patent litigation recommends a system that rewards the first successful challenger, resulting in fewer pay-for-delay deals. The researchers also advise limiting branded firms' ability to launch authorized generics to prevent such agreements.
The UVA team collaborated with Peking University and Caltech to develop a broadest recorded microcomb spectral span, generating light in the ultraviolet to infrared spectrum. This achievement increases the usefulness of microcombs in spectroscopy, optical clocks, and astronomy calibration.
A new review links dozens of environmental chemicals to changes in the gut microbiome, associated with health challenges such as reproductive defects, Type 2 diabetes, and poor immune function. Exposure to bisphenols and phthalates has been linked to altered hormone metabolism and microbial shifts.
A recent study has uncovered evidence of ancient cultivated rice in Central Asia, dating back to the Kushan period. The discovery sheds new light on the spread of rice agriculture and its role in early global trade.
Researchers found that corals producing a 'sunscreen layer' can encourage symbionts to return, boosting recovery prospects. Colourful bleaching events occur in association with brief or mild heat stress episodes.
A study using CRISPR technology has developed a rapid detection platform to genetically distinguish threatened fish species from non-native species in near real-time. This tool shortens the process from hours to minutes, enabling researchers to identify species quickly and accurately.
Scientists at the Weizmann Institute of Science have successfully self-synthesized and assembled a ribosome subunit on a surface chip. The discovery opens up new possibilities for designing and testing complex molecular structures, including potential applications in vaccine development and drug production.
A new study of Google search data found that residents in states with limited access to contraceptives and high rates of unplanned pregnancies are more likely to seek out family planning information online. Researchers also discovered that policies restricting abortion access, such as the Title X gag rule, lead people to search for abo...
The ATLAS telescope has discovered an asteroid that exhibits cometary behavior, including a tail of dust or gas, near Jupiter's orbit. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that Jupiter Trojan asteroids should not display cometary characteristics.
A UBC scientist has identified a gene called ALK that plays a role in resisting weight gain in humans. The study found that a mutation in the ALK gene is associated with thinner individuals, and that deleting the gene in mice made them resistant to diet-induced obesity.
Researchers analyzed RNA structure data to estimate virus subtypes' age and track spread in Eurasia. The study found that most viruses originated within the last three centuries, with significant expansion in the past 50-100 years.
A Nebraska researcher has developed a smartphone app that uses location and Bluetooth data to track users' physical proximity and notify those potentially exposed to COVID-19. The system provides personalized risk data and insights for individuals making decisions about balancing health and economic risks.
The larvae of beetle genus Toramus attach their exuviae to the distal abdomen and retain them throughout development. This unique behavior may serve as a form of autotomy, allowing predators to remove exuviae without harming the larva. However, further studies are needed to confirm its defensive function.
The University of South Australia has received a $2.7 million grant to further develop anti-bacterial technologies for medical devices, building on existing successes in diagnostics and prognostics. The project aims to create nanotechnology-inspired solutions to improve patient outcomes and reduce infections.
A Duke University study reveals that low-severity fires shield peatland soils from decay, preserving carbon and slowing down its release into the atmosphere. This 'crème brulee effect' enhances long-term carbon retention, with implications for managing peatlands and addressing climate change.
A large-scale study has identified more than 200 genetic factors associated with heart arrhythmias, a common form of heart disease. The research, involving nearly 300,000 individuals, sheds light on the complex interplay between genetics and electrical activity in the heart.
Research reveals that European viper's characteristic zig-zag pattern serves multiple functions during predation events, including hiding and producing an illusionary effect. The study resolves theoretical tensions between opposing functions of color patterns, suggesting a broader scope for evolution.
A German study found that social isolation is associated with a 44% increased risk of cardiovascular events and a 47% increased risk of death from all causes. Financial support is also linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, highlighting the importance of social relationships for heart health.
Researchers developed a smartphone-based technique to assess hemoglobin levels using spectral super-resolution spectroscopy, eliminating the need for bulky optical components. The new approach uses images of the inner eyelid to detect blood disorders such as anemia and sickle cell anemia
A study at Bar-Ilan University found that group drumming fosters both behavioral and physiological synchronization among participants. This synchronization enhances cohesion, predicts a heightened sense of group bonding, and even improves performance in subsequent group tasks.
A case series examines COVID-19 symptoms among residents and staff in an independent/assisted living community, emphasizing the need for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. The study highlights the risk of outbreaks in these settings and underscores the importance of implementing effective infection control measures.
Researchers develop stable capsule shell for L-phenylalanine ammonium-liasis (PAL) enzyme, improving its effectiveness and stability in the body. The treatment has potential applications beyond phenylketonuria, including other amino acid metabolism disorders.
A new case study reports the first known case of subacute thyroiditis after COVID-19 infection, according to The Endocrine Society. Patients with COVID-19 may experience additional symptoms such as neck and thyroid pain, fever, and an increased heart rate.
Researchers studied the roles of Sierra Leonean journalists during the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak, finding they adapted to become educators and public mobilizers. Targeted training helped them identify safe reporting practices, improving their communication of public health messages.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that social isolation is a risk factor for increased COVID-19 cases among older adults in Italy. Regions with larger households and high numbers of residential nursing homes experienced the highest rates of infection.
Researchers at Columbia University have developed a high-performance non-reciprocal device on a compact chip, achieving performance 25 times better than previous work. This breakthrough enables the creation of novel components such as circulators and isolators for two-way communication, doubling data capacity in wireless networks.
Researchers aim to develop wearable technologies capable of diagnosing conditions like preeclampsia and epilepsy using solid-state sensing and wearable devices. The goal is to improve healthcare in rural and remote areas with limited access to medical services.
Researchers at Mississippi State University have successfully bred heat-tolerant annual ryegrass using recurrent phenotypic selection. The new germplasm can germinate and survive under high temperature stress conditions, allowing for late summer or early fall planting in the Southeast, increasing grazing days in winter and spring.
Mount Sinai researchers found lower ACE2 expression in younger children, increasing with age. This could help explain why children are less likely to get COVID-19 and account for only 2% of identified cases.
Researchers analyzed ancient Italian DNA, revealing a complex mosaic of ancestry components and genetic peculiarities shaped by environmental interactions. These adaptations contribute to reducing disease risk, favoring longer lifespan in some cases.
IVI will conduct epidemiological studies of COVID-19 in Madagascar and Burkina Faso using its infectious disease surveillance sites. The collaboration aims to identify cases accurately and inform effective policies.
Researchers propose genetic barcodes to guarantee DNA samples' authenticity before reaching the lab, mitigating cyberbiosecurity threats. The system introduces non-harmful material into samples as they're collected, which acts as a password ensuring their genuineness upon processing.
Scientists create a novel, metal-free method to selectively introduce Fluor into aliphatic C-H bonds, enabling the efficient synthesis of complex fluorinated compounds. The approach combines iodine catalysis and photochemistry, offering a greener alternative to existing electrophilic fluorination methods.
A diet rich in fish omega-3 fatty acids modulates lipoprotein particles, reducing triglycerides transported by any type of lipoprotein. The study found that increased consumption of LDL cholesterol from fish is associated with larger, less atherogenic LDL particles.
Autistic burnout is a chronic state of exhaustion, loss of skills, and reduced tolerance to stimulus caused by chronic life stress and inadequate supports. Research highlights the need for understanding, relieving, and preventing autistic burnout to improve health, quality of life, and independent living.
A new study found significant disparities in reproductive health care access in Ohio after increasing abortion regulations. The researchers discovered that rural counties experienced a sharp decrease in abortions, while medication abortion care also decreased significantly.
NUI Galway research shows that taking blood pressure medications can reduce the risk of developing dementia and cognitive impairment by 7%, and cognitive decline also by 7% over a four-year period. The study highlights the critical importance of controlling blood pressure in maintaining brain health, combined with a healthy lifestyle.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute created a simple 'sniff test' that accurately predicts which brain-injured patients will regain consciousness. The test, which measures nasal airflow patterns in response to odors, showed 92% accuracy in predicting patient survival for at least three years.
Researchers have identified a 'thermometer' circuit in the fruit fly that relays information about external cold temperature to the brain, inhibiting neurons that promote activity and wakefulness. This discovery helps explain why humans struggle to wake up in the morning during winter.
A new study highlights the need for Indigenous collaboration in managing sea otter populations to improve coexistence between humans and this challenging predator. The study reveals that strengthening Indigenous governance authority and establishing locally designed co-management plans can enable human-otter coexistence.
Australian scientists have developed a new generation of experimental solar energy cells that pass strict International Electrotechnical Commission testing standards for heat and humidity. The research, published in Science, uses perovskite crystals to convert sunlight into electricity, outperforming silicon-based cells.
A study published in Journal of Internal Medicine found that weight loss surgery changes gene expression in fat tissue, leading to metabolic improvements and reduced type 2 diabetes risk. These changes persisted even after weight regain, suggesting a long-term impact on health outcomes.
A recent study explores the application of deep learning in ecological resource research, addressing challenges such as multi-source/multi-meta heterogeneity and high dimensional complexity. The study highlights the potential of deep learning in connecting computer science with classical theoretical sciences in ecology.
A study published in BMC Biology suggests that northern and southern Italian populations diverged genetically as early as 19,000-12,000 years ago. The research found distinct genetic variants between individuals from different regions, with adaptations to climate-specific genes.
Researchers have discovered a link between exposure to certain environmental chemicals and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease. The study analyzed data from 46,748 US adults and found that elevated levels of seven chemicals were associated with markers of kidney disease.
Recent genome-wide association studies identify genetic variants associated with schizophrenia, promising new treatments targeting the underlying biology and pathophysiology of the disorder. Researchers review efforts to bridge the gap between genetic findings and innovative treatments.
A new clinical trial is testing an alpha blocker treatment to prevent severe COVID-19 symptoms by targeting the body's overactive immune response. The trial aims to lower ICU admission rates and ventilator use in patients with COVID-19, offering a secondary form of prevention until vaccines are available.
Scientists discovered biological markers in teeth of children who later developed ALS, shedding light on the disease's early stages and potential preventive strategies. The study found abnormal metal uptake patterns, suggesting a link between environmental factors and disease onset.
Researchers at Okayama University have developed a model showing how liver cancer stem cells are born from normal stem cells under specific environmental conditions. The study successfully established liver CSCs without genetic manipulation, providing a crucial tool for further research and potential targeted therapies.
A topological pump has been developed to transport mechanical energy even through defective wave-guides and disorder. This innovation could lead to more robust devices that continue to operate despite damage.
Researchers have identified specific compounds from the Brazilian peppertree that reduce the virulence of antibiotic-resistant staph bacteria. The triterpenoid acids block the ability of bacteria to produce toxins, allowing the immune system to heal wounds more effectively.
Researchers have developed a new model that enables direct measurement of vibrations inside neutron stars from gravitational-wave signals. This will provide fresh insights into the fundamental nature and composition of these mysterious objects, unlocking new avenues for studying extremely dense nuclear matter.