Scientists found an unexpected intermediate in the peptidoglycan recycling pathway, which regulates cell wall assembly and composition. The study reveals a link between peptidoglycan recycling and de novo biosynthetic pathways.
A new study reveals that strong relationships between diversity and a healthy ecosystem persist, even in stressed reefs. However, human-driven pressures from warming oceans and invasive species continue to diminish ecosystems.
A WVU study found that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be life-saving for some critically ill COVID-19 patients, particularly those with lung dysfunction. However, older patients with pre-existing conditions and heart function impairment may not benefit from ECMO treatment.
Dendritic cells can be labeled using an engineered sugar molecule that is taken up by the cells and displayed on their surfaces, allowing them to track DCs in vivo. The researchers also developed a system to modulate the behavior of DCs via click chemistry, which has great promise for treating cancer and other diseases.
The Oden Institute and Alan Turing Institute have signed an MoU to deliver research advances in artificial intelligence, computational science, and data-centric engineering. The collaboration aims to address global challenges such as net zero greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality.
Researchers found that mussel reefs slow sea water flowing over them, increasing turbulence and tripling the amount of ingested plastic. The study suggests natural reef structures are natural sinks for plastics, posing a problem for commercially valuable species like blue mussels.
Researchers identified sociodemographic factors associated with firearm suicide risk in US adults, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The study found that certain demographic characteristics increased the likelihood of firearm suicide, emphasizing the importance of addressing these factors.
A team from the University of Pennsylvania and Georgia Tech discovered that cavity-causing bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, are encased in a protective community of other microbes forming a unique spatial organization. This structure is crucial to how they cause tooth decay and can be used to target the pathogenic core of dental biofilms.
Research reveals that people struggle to differentiate between outgroup faces due to visual processing quirks. The brain's fusiform facial area responds similarly to same and new black faces, impairing ability to tell them apart
Researchers analyzed fossil hand joints to find evidence of dual hand use in ancient humans. The discovery supports the idea that the transition to walking on two legs was gradual, with early humans using their hands for both precision grips and branch grasping.
A new study found that ocean warming will alter Antarctic krill growth habitats, with a moderate impact across 85% of the Southern Ocean. Krill are expected to move further south and shift in seasonal conditions, affecting conservation efforts and the management of the fishery.
A team of researchers recreated Martian conditions in a low-pressure chamber, observing the flow of mud that behaves similarly to pahoehoe lava flows on Earth. The study confirms sedimentary volcanism is possible on Mars, prompting a reevaluation of geological structures previously attributed to lava flows.
Research reveals that early visual experience drives precise alignment of cortical networks to unite inputs from both eyes, enabling unified binocular representation. This process occurs within the first week after eye opening and refines neuron response properties.
A Bayesian statistical analysis of life's emergence and development on Earth predicts that if history were repeated, life would likely emerge similarly early. However, the emergence of intelligence might not guarantee a repeat occurrence due to its rarity.
A study found that people infected with Hepatitis D have up to three times the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma compared to those infected only with Hepatitis B. Researchers are calling for increased awareness and screening of Hepatitis D in patients with Hepatitis B.
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed high-efficiency quantum-dot solar cells without toxic elements like lead or cadmium. These devices exhibit remarkable defect tolerance, making them promising for practical utility.
Researchers from Oregon State University found that hop-based dietary supplements do not cause significant drug interactions in menopausal women. The study involved 16 participants who took a cocktail of four drugs while also consuming hops extract daily for two weeks, with no enzyme inhibition detected.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory use pressure to create a magnetic liquid, potentially leading to breakthroughs in high-temperature superconductivity and quantum computing. The discovery involves slowly squeezing two small diamonds together with a magnetic material between them, resulting in the emergence of a spin liquid state.
Research finds that people living in diverse areas perceive themselves and others as part of the same local community, regardless of ethnic and cultural differences. In contrast, homogeneous areas maintain racial stereotypes, making it harder for people to adapt to diversity.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have identified CPEB2 as a crucial factor in the development of luminal breast cancer. The study found that CPEB2 is essential for protein synthesis after hormonal stimulation, leading to less cell proliferation and better prognosis in patients with low expression levels.
A new study by the University of Washington finds COVID-19 infection is deadlier than the flu, with a national death rate of 1.3% compared to 0.1%. The study projects a grim future if the US doesn't take strong action against the virus.
Researchers at NYU and IBM demonstrate a novel mechanism for setting the direction of magnetic information in conducting materials, a breakthrough that could lead to higher-density and more efficient memory technology. This advancement builds upon existing knowledge of spintronics and its applications.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute have identified neural pathways connecting the brain to the stomach, suggesting a bidirectional communication network that influences digestion and gut health. This discovery provides new insights into common gut disorders and may lead to the development of brain-based therapies.
A study analyzing nearly 40 years of hurricane satellite imagery found a global increase in maximum sustained winds, consistent with expectations of how hurricanes respond to a warming world. The research built on previous work identifying trends in hurricane intensification and poleward migrations of hurricanes.
Research reveals that malaria parasite P. vivax adheres to human spleen cells via variant proteins, allowing it to hide from the immune system and evade elimination. This finding suggests a double role for the spleen in malaria pathology and opens new avenues for vaccine targets and exposure markers.
Researchers from SWOG will make 31 digital presentations at the ASCO20 Virtual Scientific Program, reporting on trials involving chemotherapy regimens, financial toxicity, and multiple myeloma treatments. The studies found that pre-surgery chemotherapy can be done safely and has good outcomes regardless of the drugs used.
A new study published in The Review of Economic Studies found that using a coin toss to decide on an important change leads to higher satisfaction and happiness. People who made changes were more likely to report the same decision again in the future.
Researchers developed an affordable, radiation-free GPS-like system to track flexible surgical robots inside the human body. The system improves localization accuracy, enabling safer and more compliant robot use in constrained environments.
Researchers report increased ACE2 expression in smokers' lungs, possibly resulting in COVID-19 morbidity. Smoking causes a significant increase in the protein's production, tied to goblet cell hyperplasia and associated with COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
A team of MIT researchers has developed ELAST technology, which provides a fast way to fluorescently label cells, proteins, and molecules in brain and other large tissues. The technology enables fully reversible tissue shape transformation while preserving structural and molecular information.
The NASA Aqua satellite revealed a unique feature of Cyclone Amphan: high concentrations of water vapor surrounding the storm's eye. This characteristic can lead to intense rainfall and stronger storms. The satellite data showed coldest cloud top temperatures as low as minus 70 degrees Fahrenheit.
A study found that SARS-CoV-2 RNA is edited by human deaminase enzymes in patients, influencing the virus' evolution and spread. This process may be targeted with new therapies to combat the virus.
A new study found that climate change will lead to more erratic summer temperatures in Europe, with hotter and colder days becoming more frequent and unpredictable. In contrast, winter temperatures are expected to become less variable, making it harder for humans and nature to adapt.
Researchers have developed a way to study liquid silicates at extreme conditions, providing clues about the Earth's origin story and the formation of rocky planets. The study may lead to a better understanding of the planet's early molten days and potentially unlock secrets of exoplanets.
Scientists have developed a catalyst that directly converts carbon dioxide into formic acid using sunlight. The discovery marks a significant step towards creating an artificial photosynthesis system that efficiently converts CO2 into organic molecules.
Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology found that emissions from road construction could be halved using today's technology, including transport optimisation, recycling and reuse of excavation masses, material efficiency and design optimisation. The study also highlights the importance of replacing cement clinker as a binde...
A fidget spinner-inspired device can diagnose urinary tract infections in 50 minutes, outperforming traditional laboratory methods. The portable technology uses a novel fluid-assisted separation mechanism to rapidly enrich pathogens from urine samples.
Fibroblasts from distinct pancreatic diseases exhibit distinct genetic profiles and gene expression patterns, highlighting the importance of using disease-specific fibroblasts for research. The study also identifies a potential biomarker for distinguishing between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis.
Researchers developed a graphical vignette method to assess bullying episodes in schools, allowing kids to express their opinions freely. The study found that this approach can provide an outlet for schoolchildren to formulate what's important to them personally, promoting openness and cooperation.
A new study provides a population-wide estimate of autism risk for children whose parents have a sibling with autism. The research found that roughly 3 to 5% of children with an aunt or uncle with ASD also have ASD, compared to about 1.5% in the general population.
A new AI-powered algorithm has revolutionized the analysis of deep sleep patterns by automating the detection of K-complexes. The tool, developed by Flinders University researchers, outperforms human scoring methods in speed and accuracy, providing a more comprehensive understanding of sleep health.
A new global mapping method provides accurate estimates of human mobility at a fine-grained resolution, capturing movements of 300 million mobile phone users. The study reveals patterns influenced by local geography, infrastructure, and income, with implications for disease propagation and disaster response.
Researchers from Aarhus University find that large muscle mass and high fat-free weight are associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The study suggests that the medical community should consider both body fat and lean body mass when assessing cardiovascular risk.
Researchers developed a method to create affordable and stronger car materials using graphene-reinforced carbon fibers. The process reduces production cost by up to 67% while increasing strength by 225%. This technology has the potential to improve safety and reduce costs in vehicle production.
A new study using Bayesian statistics estimates the odds of life and intelligence emerging on planets similar to Earth, suggesting that complex extraterrestrial life is possible. The analysis indicates that life should have little problem spontaneously emerging on other planets, but intelligent life is less likely.
Researchers at Duke University found a single brain area, the CeAga neurons, which can profoundly control pain by turning off dozens of other pain-promotion centers. By activating this center, they can alleviate pain behaviors in mice, suggesting potential future treatments for chronic pain.
Researchers found that free flowing mud under Martian conditions behaves differently from on Earth due to rapid freezing and icy crust formation. The experimental mud flows formed similar shapes to 'pahoehoe' lava, explaining the formation of lava-like flow morphologies on Mars.
Female roundworms release serotonin when sensing danger, passing warning signals to eggs and future offspring. This mechanism protects the young from harm, increasing birth rates and survival success.
Researchers found that climate conditions are unlikely to significantly impact the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic due to widespread susceptibility and rapid virus transmission. However, warmer climates may influence the size and timing of future pandemics.
A study suggests that Triassic igneous rocks in Brazil caused the release of light carbon isotopes, which may have contributed to the end-Triassic extinction. The findings imply a significant impact on the Earth's carbon cycle during this period.
A new study analyzed data from an international registry of 528 IBD patients with COVID-19, finding that increasing age, comorbidities, and corticosteroids are associated with severe illness. The study also suggests that steroid-sparing treatments may be crucial for maintaining remission in IBD patients during the pandemic.
The use of genomic selection has rapidly accelerated genetic progress in dairy cows, allowing for the development of new data pipelines for novel traits. This shift has also enabled a better understanding of genetic variance and the creation of single-step genomic evaluations to mitigate homozygosity.
The CUNY SPH COVID-19 tracking survey reveals that New Yorkers are uncertain about reopening public schools and colleges due to safety concerns. The survey found stark differences based on race and ethnicity, with higher rates of testing positivity among Hispanic/Latinx and African American populations.
Researchers identified a new gain-of-function mutation in the PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4) gene, which enhances cell death during fungal infection and strengthens plant resistance to pathogens. The discovery sheds light on how plants control stress responses and provides insights into potential strategies for enhancing crop yields.
Researchers found that specialized cold-water invertebrate communities have persisted through time even after deglaciation, suggesting that high-altitude streams and snow-fed water sources are key to preserving mountain biodiversity. The study used biological and glacier retreat data from Glacier National Park to support these findings.
Scientists are exploring how environmental data can aid in understanding and managing the effects of COVID-19. By analyzing historical air quality patterns and wastewater data, researchers aim to develop digital tools that can predict future hospitalizations and identify areas under pressure on intensive care resources.
Research reveals that traumatic stress can strengthen amygdala pathways involved in emotion and social behaviors, leading to increased aggression. Deep brain stimulation may be a potential target for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related aggression.
A new model developed by Washington State University researchers allows winemakers to easily test the chemical makeup of their red wine, providing accurate predictions on mouthfeel and color. The model simplifies lengthy tests, enabling technicians and winemakers to get useful results with relatively simple tests.
A conference of over 400 scientists highlights the need for transformative change in energy systems and lifestyles to combat climate change. They emphasize the importance of framing sustainability as a shared goal that benefits health and the environment, rather than just addressing climate change alone.
Mutations in TP53 and concomitant mutant p53 proteins in cancer cells have been found to accelerate tumorigenesis and metastasis. The researchers found that the combination of gain of function mutations and loss of heterozygosity provides protection against cell death, promoting a fibrotic microenvironment and inflammation pathways.