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Science News for May 19, 2020


Six-month follow-up appropriate for BI-RADS 3 findings on mammography

A new study published in Radiology found that women with probably benign breast lesions (BI-RADS 3) should have six-month follow-up imaging surveillance. The study showed that 1.9% of these women were diagnosed with cancer within six months, with a higher risk of malignancy than those downgraded to BI-RADS 1 or 2.

SourceRadiological Society of North America·JournalRadiology·DateMay 19, 2020
Creality K1 Max 3D Printer

Creality K1 Max 3D Printer rapidly prototypes brackets, adapters, and fixtures for instruments and classroom demonstrations at large build volume.

Partial measures compromise effectiveness of efforts to combat COVID-19

A Tsukuba University study shows that comprehensive implementation of COVID-19 infection prevention measures boosts effectiveness, while partial implementation compromises it. The study found that implementing measures either individually or in partial combinations yields limited results.

SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournalTransactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence·DateMay 19, 2020

Women told more white lies in evaluations than men: Study

New research by Cornell University reveals that women are more likely to be given inaccurate performance feedback, with underperforming women receiving less truthful but kinder feedback compared to equally underperforming men. This finding highlights a potential obstacle to equality in the workplace.

SourceCornell University·JournalPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin·DateMay 19, 2020
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Seven at one pulse

Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf have developed a novel material that can increase the frequency of terahertz radiation by a factor of seven, paving the way for potential IT applications. The material, cadmium arsenide, is a three-dimensional Dirac material that enables non-linear frequency conversion.

SourceHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf·JournalNature Communications·DateMay 19, 2020

New technique separates industrial noise from natural seismic signals

Researchers from Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a new technique that separates industrial noise from natural seismic signals using cloud computing. The approach allows for large-scale seismic analysis ten times faster than traditional methods and has the potential to transform the field of seismology.

SourceDOE/Los Alamos National Laboratory·JournalSeismological Research Letters·DateMay 19, 2020

How do birds understand 'foreign' calls?

A study by Toshitaka Suzuki found that birds can visualize a snake when hearing specific alarm calls from another species. The coal tit was observed to approach the experimental area during these calls, indicating it mentally retrieves 'snake' images.

SourceKyoto University·JournalCurrent Biology·DateMay 19, 2020
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Personalized ovarian cancer risk prediction reduces worries

A new study found that personalized ovarian cancer risk prediction reduces cancer worry and anxiety in women. Participants who received the personalized risk estimate were more likely to take preventative action and reduce their risk of developing ovarian cancer.

SourceQueen Mary University of London·JournalCancers·DateMay 19, 2020

How some insects manage to halt their own growth in harsh conditions

Certain insects arrest their development at specific stages to cope with extreme conditions, a process known as overwintering. Research reveals that day length and temperature separately regulate this adaptation, utilizing distinct mechanisms including the juvenile hormone pathway and insulin/TOR signaling pathway.

SourceOkayama University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 19, 2020

COVID-19 crisis causes 17% drop in global carbon emissions

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a 17% decrease in global carbon emissions during peak lockdowns, with surface transport and industry being the main contributors. However, social responses alone may not drive deep and sustained reductions needed to reach net-zero emissions without structural changes.

SourceUniversity of East Anglia·JournalNature Climate Change·DateMay 19, 2020

Determining the quantity and location of lipids in the brain

Researchers at the Beckman Institute developed a new technique to quantify lipids in rat brain tissue, providing more information than previous methods. The technique allows for the localization and amount of ceramides to be determined, which are important in learning and memory.

SourceBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology·JournalAnalytical Chemistry·DateMay 19, 2020
DJI Air 3 (RC-N2)

DJI Air 3 (RC-N2) captures 4K mapping passes and environmental surveys with dual cameras, long flight time, and omnidirectional obstacle sensing.

Emerging viral diseases causing serious issues in west Africa

A new study highlights the emergence of mosquito-borne viral outbreaks in West Africa, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. The research emphasizes the need for early warning systems and control measures to prevent infectious outbreaks.

SourceUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus·JournalActa Tropica·DateMay 19, 2020

Children not immune to coronavirus; new study from pandemic epicenter describes severe COVID-19 response in children

Children with COVID-19 often require hospitalization and intensive care due to inflammation and respiratory issues. Researchers found that obesity and asthma were not associated with increased risk of enhanced care, but over half of the children had no known contact with a positive person.

SourceAlbert Einstein College of Medicine·JournalThe Journal of Pediatrics·DateMay 19, 2020

COVID-19 puts brakes on global emissions

Global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources reached a maximum daily decline of 17 per cent in April due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The decrease was primarily driven by a 36 per cent drop in surface transport emissions, equivalent to 7.5 megatonnes CO2.

SourceCSIRO Australia·JournalNature Climate Change·DateMay 19, 2020

Data science researchers receive over $1 million in grants

Data science researchers at UC Davis received over $1 million in grants to study innovative concepts with high impact. The grants will fund multidisciplinary research partnerships and projects addressing challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic.

SourceUniversity of California - Davis·DateMay 19, 2020
Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C)

Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.

Novel tool developed to diagnose and monitor autoimmune disorders

Researchers developed a novel biosensor to diagnose and monitor autoimmune disorders, measuring autoantibody concentration and activity with high sensitivity. The tool enables the creation of new diagnostic criteria and approaches to treatment, offering improved accuracy and reliability.

SourceMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology·JournalBiosensors and Bioelectronics·DateMay 19, 2020

Retrofitting of VW Diesel engines was successful

A study by the University of York and Empa shows that retrofitting VW diesel engines with software or hardware updates reduced harmful nitrogen oxides emissions by up to a third. The retrofitting was successful from an environmental point of view, with passenger cars showing significant improvements.

SourceSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA)·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology Letters·DateMay 19, 2020

School segregation by wealth creating unequal learning outcomes in the Global South

A study led by University of Cambridge researchers found that children from poorest families consistently perform worse in basic literacy and numeracy tests than those from more affluent backgrounds. The study suggests that poorer students are disproportionately clustered in low-quality schools, often lacking basic resources.

SourceUniversity of Cambridge·JournalSociology of Education·DateMay 19, 2020
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4)

Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4) runs demanding GIS, imaging, and annotation workflows on the go for surveys, briefings, and lab notebooks.

COVID-19 crisis triage -- Optimizing health outcomes and disability rights

The Hastings Center recommends a triage protocol that prioritizes patients most likely to survive with treatment. However, critics argue that this approach may be biased against people with disabilities, who often face barriers in accessing care. The authors aim to balance life-saving interventions with respect for human dignity.

SourceThe Hastings Center·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateMay 19, 2020

Hunting for the next generation of conservation stewards

LSU's wildlife management program offers students a unique educational experience through hunting, connecting them to the wildlife resource and promoting stewardship. The program aims to create the next generation of conservation professionals by teaching holistic knowledge of wildlife.

SourceLouisiana State University·JournalJournal of Wildlife Management·DateMay 19, 2020
GoPro HERO13 Black

GoPro HERO13 Black records stabilized 5.3K video for instrument deployments, field notes, and outreach, even in harsh weather and underwater conditions.

Exposure to TV alcohol ads linked to drinking behavior

New Cornell research found a link between exposure to TV alcohol ads and drinking behavior, with higher ad exposure correlating to more drinks consumed. The study estimated that nearly 55,000 adults were exposed to over 576 alcohol ads per year.

SourceCornell University·JournalAddiction·DateMay 19, 2020
Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach

Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach provides rugged GNSS navigation, satellite messaging, and SOS for backcountry geology and climate field teams.

Food system innovation -- and how to get there

A study categorizes innovations with potential to transform the food system, including artificial meat and fine-tuned photosynthesis. To succeed, these innovations require policy conditions and social acceptance.

SourcePotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)·JournalNature Food·DateMay 19, 2020

Radio: The medium that is best dealing with the COVID-19 crisis

A recent study by the Media Psychology Lab found that radio consumption increased significantly during lockdown, with listeners tuning in for news, podcasts, and audiobooks. Radio was also rated as the most credible medium, helping to alleviate feelings of sadness, fear, and anxiety.

SourceUniversitat Pompeu Fabra - Barcelona·JournalProfesional de la información·DateMay 19, 2020

Intent defined optical network for intelligent operation and maintenance

Researchers developed an intent-defined optical network (IDON) with artificial intelligence-based automated operation and maintenance to address the challenges of manual configuration. IDON achieves intent-oriented configuration conversion, adaptive generation and optimization strategies, and closed-loop intent-guaranteed operations, d...

SourceScience China Press·JournalScience China Information Sciences·DateMay 19, 2020
Meta Quest 3 512GB

Meta Quest 3 512GB enables immersive mission planning, terrain rehearsal, and interactive STEM demos with high-resolution mixed-reality experiences.

Depression symptoms linked to reduced cognitive control in people with autism

A new study found that depression symptoms are associated with reduced cognitive control in individuals with autism. The researchers used a picture-word Stroop test to assess proactive control, which is the ability to plan and prepare how to direct attention. Participants with autism who had more symptoms of depression showed less abil...

SourceUniversity of California - Davis Health·JournalJournal of Abnormal Psychology·DateMay 19, 2020

Less water could sustain more Californians if we make every drop count

California cities can rely on six key strategies to provide for growing populations: conserving water through behavioral changes, reusing non-potable water for irrigation, recycling water for drinking, capturing stormwater runoff, and desalinating seawater. These measures can help reduce costs while increasing the state's water supply.

SourceStanford University School of Engineering·JournalTransactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers·DateMay 19, 2020

Rapid screening method targets fatty acids in yeast; Key to sustainable bioproducts

Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a high-throughput screening tool to rapidly profile medium-chain fatty acids produced in yeast. They identified seven new genetically engineered mutants that produce higher levels of those fatty acids, which are crucial components of biodiesel and other industrial chemicals.

SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment·JournalBiotechnology and Bioengineering·DateMay 19, 2020

An open-access tool to accelerate drug discovery

The Chemical Checker tool uses a similarity principle to analyze over 1M compounds and identify potential treatments for diseases. It has been used to reposition approved drugs for Alzheimer's disease and identify substitutes for expensive biologics.

SourceInstitute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)·JournalNature Biotechnology·DateMay 19, 2020
Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station

Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station offers research-grade local weather data for networked stations, campuses, and community observatories.

NASA-NOAA satellite sees Amphan's eye obscured

Tropical Cyclone Amphan has weakened and its eye is covered by high clouds, according to NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite imagery. The storm is forecast to make landfall near Kolkata on May 20, bringing powerful storms with heavy rainfall potential.

SourceNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center·DateMay 19, 2020

COVID-19 tests compared

The COVID-19 pandemic requires scalable testing technologies, but current methods vary widely, taking hours to complete and requiring extensive resources. Researchers assess various nucleic acid-based tests, highlighting the need for faster and more affordable alternatives.

SourceCold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press·JournalRNA·DateMay 19, 2020

What if we could design powerful drugs without unwanted side effects?

Researchers at Stanford University School of Engineering used computer simulations to discover how to minimize side effects in a broad class of drugs targeting G protein-coupled receptors. By designing new molecules, they can alter the receptor's shape to deliver beneficial effects while avoiding side effects.

SourceStanford University School of Engineering·JournalScience·DateMay 19, 2020
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

Uncovering Alzheimer's disease

Researchers at the University of Missouri have found that menopause can reduce cognitive function and potentially play a role in Alzheimer's development in women. Animal studies using surgically induced menopause in rats showed poor memory and learning, indicating a decline in cognitive function.

SourceUniversity of Missouri-Columbia·DateMay 19, 2020

Rolling 50/30 day cycle of lockdown and relaxation could help manage COVID-19

Researchers propose an alternating cycle of strict lockdown (50 days) followed by eased social distancing (30 days) to reduce COVID-19-related deaths and ICU admissions. This strategy may allow populations and economies to 'breathe' at intervals, making it more sustainable in resource-poor regions.

SourceUniversity of Cambridge·JournalEuropean Journal of Epidemiology·DateMay 19, 2020
Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C)

Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C) provide clear calls and strong noise reduction for interviews, conferences, and noisy field environments.

New biomarker could flag tumors that are sensitive to common diabetes drug

A newly identified biomarker could help scientists pinpoint which cancers are vulnerable to treatment with biguanides, a common class of medications used to control blood sugar in Type 2 diabetes. The biomarker is linked to the gene MYC and has been found to be regulated by microRNAs that target certain cancer cells.

SourceVan Andel Research Institute·JournalCell Reports Medicine·DateMay 19, 2020

Construction of hollow nanoreactors for enhanced photo-oxidations

Scientists developed hollow structured photocatalysts with controllable spatial location of active metals, chemical compositions, and tunable shell thickness. AuPt@HMZS nanoreactors exhibited excellent catalytic activity in cinnamyl alcohol oxidation under visible light.

SourceScience China Press·JournalNational Science Review·DateMay 19, 2020

Game-changing technologies can transform our food systems

New technologies, such as artificial meats, 3D printing, and vertical agriculture, hold promise for transforming the global food system. The study identifies an arsenal of highly promising options that can be tailored to different institutional and political contexts.

SourceThe Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture·JournalNature Food·DateMay 19, 2020

Exposure to ultrafine aerosol particles in homes depends primarily on people themselves

A long-term study found that residents' daily activities, such as cooking and heating, significantly impact indoor ultrafine particle concentrations. The study, conducted in German apartments, showed that indoor activities account for most ultrafine particles, with outdoor air pollution playing a lesser role.

SourceLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)·JournalAerosol and Air Quality Research·DateMay 19, 2020
Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.

London's CO2 emissions cut by almost 60% during lockdown

Scientists measured a significant reduction in CO2 emissions in London during the pandemic, with daily reductions mirroring decreases in traffic flow. The lockdown's impact on air quality and potential changes in behaviors post-lockdown are also being studied.

SourceUK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology·DateMay 19, 2020

African-American and white women share genes that increase breast cancer risk

Researchers found that African American women have a higher risk of breast cancer due to shared genes with white women, including BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2. Current breast cancer testing panels can be used for African American women, increasing the chances of early detection and prevention.

SourceBoston University School of Medicine·JournalJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute·DateMay 19, 2020

National Science Foundation funds research into smart building ventilation

Texas A&M University researchers aim to develop a smart ventilation control system to minimize the risk of COVID-19 infection in public buildings. The project seeks to investigate a smart ventilation control system that can operate in both normal and emergency modes, utilizing factors such as outdoor air dilution and humidity levels.

SourceTexas A&M University·DateMay 19, 2020

A spreadable interlayer could make solid state batteries more stable

Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a new interlayer that improves the stability and performance of solid-state batteries. The soft, 'butter-like' material fills several functions and can be easily applied to the lithium metal anode.

SourceChalmers University of Technology·JournalAdvanced Functional Materials·DateMay 19, 2020
GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter

GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter logs beta, gamma, and X-ray levels for environmental monitoring, training labs, and safety demonstrations.

Electrons break rotational symmetry in exotic low-temp superconductor

Researchers found that the transport of electronic charge in strontium ruthenate breaks rotational symmetry, exhibiting 'electronic nematicity' similar to liquid crystals. This phenomenon may explain the material's unconventional superconductivity and could lead to the design of efficient superconductors.

SourceDOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 19, 2020

X-ray experiments zero in on COVID-19 antibodies

Researchers have discovered a potential coronavirus therapy using structural biology and X-ray crystallography. The study revealed that antibodies derived from SARS survivors can potently block entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells, with one candidate antibody showing promising results.

SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·JournalNature·DateMay 19, 2020

Study suggests aggressive carbon taxation could help US meet targets in Paris agreement

A new study suggests that aggressive carbon taxation in the US could help meet its Paris Agreement targets by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The research found that only limited opportunities for decarbonization exist outside of the electricity sector, but significant revenue can be generated from carbon taxes.

SourceCarnegie Mellon University·JournalEnvironmental Research Communications·DateMay 19, 2020
AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope

AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope supports teaching labs and QA checks with LED illumination, mechanical stage, and included 5MP camera.

People with atrial fibrillation live longer with exercise

Regular endurance training and good fitness levels protect against serious cardiovascular events and early mortality for people diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. The study found that participants with the lowest calculated fitness levels had the highest mortality risk, but those who met physical activity recommendations lived longer.

SourceNorwegian University of Science and Technology·JournalEuropean Heart Journal·DateMay 19, 2020

Image analysis technique provides better understanding of heart cell defects

Researchers have developed an algorithm that combines gradient methods with fast Fourier transforms to quantify the organization of cardiac myofibrils in heart cells, providing a better understanding of heart cell defects. The technique has potential applications in advanced drug screens and cell-based therapies.

SourceAmerican Institute of Physics·JournalJournal of Applied Physics·DateMay 19, 2020

Hierarchical self-assembly of atomically precise nanoclusters

Researchers at Anhui University and Nanjing University successfully constructed 1D linear chains, 2D grid networks, and 3D superstructures from Ag29(SSR)12 nano-building blocks. The hierarchical self-assembly enables remarkable optical absorptions and gas storage properties in the assembled frameworks.

SourceScience China Press·JournalNational Science Review·DateMay 19, 2020
Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply

Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply powers sensors, microcontrollers, and test circuits with programmable rails and stable outputs.

Nature unveiling herself before science

Scientists have developed a new prototype that amplifies signals up to 10,000-fold, enabling the monitoring of rapid chemical processes on the milliseconds timescale. This breakthrough allows for the analytical characterization of pre-nucleation species in biomineralization, challenging current theoretical frameworks.

SourceUniversity of Vienna·JournalAnalytical Chemistry·DateMay 19, 2020

MUSC researchers link gene mutation to autism behaviors

Researchers at MUSC have found a connection between a defective copy of the MEF2C gene and autism behaviors. This rare form of autism is caused by one of two MEF2C genes in each cell being nonfunctioning, leading to issues such as language difficulties, epilepsy, and breathing problems.

SourceMedical University of South Carolina·JournalBiological Psychiatry·DateMay 19, 2020

COVID-19 prevention trial opens for high-risk healthcare workers

The COVID SHIELD trial, led by the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, aims to determine whether hydroxychloroquine can prevent COVID-19 in high-risk healthcare workers. The trial will enroll 2250 participants and compare the effects of hydroxychloroquine versus a placebo over four months.

SourceWalter and Eliza Hall Institute·DateMay 19, 2020

Chemicals often found in consumer products could lead to obesity and fatty liver diseases

A Baylor University study found that exposure to obesogens, chemical compounds disrupting normal metabolic processes, can lead to increased susceptibility to weight gain across the lifespan. The study highlights the potential effects of chemicals in consumer products on lipid-related diseases, including obesity and fatty liver disease.

SourceBaylor University·JournalToxicology and Applied Pharmacology·DateMay 19, 2020
Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm)

Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm) tracks health metrics and safety alerts during long observing sessions, fieldwork, and remote expeditions.

How the mouse conquered the house

A study of over 800 ancient remains reveals the house mouse's global spread from the Middle East to Europe, coinciding with domestic cat arrival. The researchers suggest cats were introduced to control mouse populations and protect food stocks.

SourceCNRS·JournalScientific Reports·DateMay 19, 2020

Texas A&M lab engineers 3D-functional bone tissues

Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed new biomaterials to advance the field of 3D bioprinting functional tissues. They created a highly printable bioink that can be used to engineer 3D-functional bone tissues, which could potentially create new treatments for patients suffering from arthritis and bone fractures.

SourceTexas A&M University·JournalACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·DateMay 19, 2020

4D electric circuit network with topology

Scientists have developed a 4D electric circuit network that simulates a topological insulator, exhibiting unusual properties such as quantized Hall currents and surface excitations. The work paves the way for studying topological phase transitions, non-linear effects, and quantum open systems.

SourceScience China Press·JournalNational Science Review·DateMay 19, 2020

How to improve the pneumococcus vaccine

Researchers have identified a newly found pneumococcus capsule, the 100th since its discovery, and linked it to oral streptococci. This finding underscores the need for updated vaccines that can keep pace with rapidly changing bacteria.

SourceAmerican Society for Microbiology·JournalmBio·DateMay 19, 2020

Scientists dissect the complex choices of animals

Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior and the University of Konstanz created artificial shelters that vary in precise ways, allowing them to reveal the underlying preferences of animals. The findings suggest that animals prefer certain traits over others when choosing a home, such as intactness over shell length.

SourceUniversity of Konstanz·DateMay 19, 2020
Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter

Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter is a trusted meter for precise measurements during instrument integration, repairs, and field diagnostics.

Why pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is so lethal

Researchers discovered how pancreatic cells lose their identity and recruit nearby cells to help them grow and invade tissues. Transcription factors ZBED2 and p63 play a key role in this process, leading to aggressive cancer behavior.

SourceCold Spring Harbor Laboratory·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 19, 2020

MIT engineers propose a safer method for sharing ventilators

A team of researchers from MIT and Brigham and Women's Hospital has developed a new approach to splitting ventilators, allowing for personalized airflow control and pressure release valves. This system could make it easier to divide air flow for Covid-19 patients in emergencies when no other options are available.

SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalScience Translational Medicine·DateMay 19, 2020
Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro)

Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro) powers local ML workloads, large datasets, and multi-display analysis for field and lab teams.

Antibiotic exposure in infants associated with higher risks of childhood obesity

Very young children exposed to antibiotics from birth to 12 months are at higher risk of childhood obesity and increased adiposity. The study found that early life antibiotic exposure disrupts gut microbiota development, leading to weight gain and obesity.

SourceNational University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine·JournalInternational Journal of Obesity·DateMay 19, 2020

Ecosystem diversity drives the origin of new shark and ray species

A new study reveals that oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of California drive the origin of new shark and ray species, challenging traditional assumptions about species evolution. Four types of guitarfish have been identified, each adapted to a specific region, with improved survival and reproduction odds.

SourceFlinders University·JournalJournal of Biogeography·DateMay 19, 2020

Found: Brain structure that controls our behavior

Scientists have identified a key brain region responsible for executive functions, including selective attention and working memory. The study found that damage to the inferior frontal junction area (IFJ) can lead to impairments in these abilities, as seen in individuals with dysexecutive syndrome.

SourceMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences·JournalCortex·DateMay 19, 2020
CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock

CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock simplifies serious desks with 18 ports for high-speed storage, monitors, and instruments across Mac and PC setups.

New artificial intelligence model to bridge biology and chemistry

Researchers at Insilico Medicine developed a new AI model that combines generative biology and chemistry to generate novel molecular structures for a desired transcriptional response. The Bidirectional Adversarial Autoencoder can be used for virtual screening, discovering new molecular structures and predicting transcriptional responses.

SourceInSilico Medicine·JournalFrontiers in Pharmacology·DateMay 19, 2020

NASA's Curiosity rover finds clues to chilly ancient Mars buried in rocks

Scientists studying Martian rocks find evidence of long-lived lakes, organic compounds, and a cold ancient environment. The discovery suggests that Mars' climate may have changed over time, with factors like volcanic activity and changes in the planet's obliquity contributing to these shifts.

SourceNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center·JournalNature Astronomy·DateMay 19, 2020

How does an increase in nitrogen application affect grasslands?

The PaNDiv experiment reveals that increased nitrogen application shifts the plant community towards fast-growing species, leading to faster litter decomposition. This change has a feedback loop effect, producing more nitrogen in the soil, which further accelerates decomposition.

SourceUniversity of Bern·JournalFunctional Ecology·DateMay 19, 2020
Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars

Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars deliver bright, sharp views for wildlife surveys, eclipse chases, and quick star-field scans at dark sites.

Discovery of a new biomarker for Alzheimer's sisease (AD)

A new biomarker for Alzheimer's disease has been identified in the blood of patients, according to a recent study published in IJMS. The Ube2h gene was found to have increased specific expression in the blood of AD patients and AD model mice.

SourceKorea Brain Research Institute·JournalInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences·DateMay 19, 2020

Subcellular chatter regulates longevity

Research at Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing reveals that NFYB-1 regulates mitochondrial function through lysosomal prosaposin, a key factor in cellular longevity. The study used Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism and found that restoring cardiolipins improved worm health.

SourceMax-Planck-Gesellschaft·JournalNature Metabolism·DateMay 19, 2020
Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope

Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope combines portable Schmidt-Cassegrain optics with GoTo pointing for outreach nights and field campaigns.

Additional genetic cause for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease discovered

Researchers have identified three new genes that play a role in preventing fatty liver development. The genes IRGM, Ifgga2, and Ifgga4 produce regulatory proteins that counteract fat accumulation in the liver, but genetic variations lead to reduced protein production, resulting in increased fat content.

SourceDeutsches Zentrum fuer Diabetesforschung DZD·JournalJournal of Hepatology·DateMay 19, 2020

Three-dimensional chessboards

Osaka University researchers have developed a new method to create nanocellulose films with multiple axes of alignment using liquid-phase 3D-patterning. This technology has the potential to lead to affordable and energy-efficient optical materials, including smartphone displays.

SourceOsaka University·JournalNanomaterials·DateMay 19, 2020

Scientists find a high hydrofluorocarbon emissions intensity in the Yangtze River Delta region

A recent study published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences estimates that the Yangtze River Delta region contributes around one-third of China's total hydrofluorocarbon emissions. The study found that the region has a higher emissions intensity per capita, area, and GDP compared to national and global levels, with HFC-23 being the pr...

SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences·DateMay 19, 2020
Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter

Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter measures wind, temperature, and humidity in real time for site assessments, aviation checks, and safety briefings.

Large shift of the Pacific Walker Circulation across the Cenozoic

Researchers found significant changes in the Pacific Walker circulation between 54-48 million years ago, with a broadening of ~38°. The circulation's intensity increased as the climate cooled, but its location was controlled by plate movements and CO2 concentrations.

SourceScience China Press·JournalNational Science Review·DateMay 19, 2020

Immunotherapy, steroids had positive outcomes in children with COVID-related multi-system inflammatory syndrome

A new study found that treatment with antibodies and steroids restored heart function in most children with COVID-19-related multi-system inflammatory syndrome. The majority of patients recovered quickly with intravenous immune globulin and adjunctive steroid therapy, suggesting a promising approach to managing this condition.

SourceAmerican Heart Association·JournalCirculation·DateMay 19, 2020
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount provides precise tracking capacity for deep-sky imaging rigs during long astrophotography sessions.

Daily Internet use is linked to social isolation

A new study published in Ageing and Society found that daily internet use is associated with higher levels of social isolation among older adults. The research, which analyzed data from 4,492 adults in England, suggests that occasional internet users may have a better balance between online and offline contacts.

SourceAnglia Ruskin University·JournalAgeing and Society·DateMay 19, 2020

Artificial pieces of brain use light to communicate with real neurons

An international team developed artificial neurons that can precisely target specific brain cells using optogenetics and light patterns. This technology has the potential to replace damaged brain circuits and restore communication between brain regions.

SourceInstitute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo·JournalScientific Reports·DateMay 19, 2020
Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition

Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition is a durable star atlas for planning sessions, identifying targets, and teaching celestial navigation.

Parent-led discussion about mutual strengths benefits parent-teen communication

A new study by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia researchers found that a primary care-based intervention promoting parent-teen communication led to less distress among teens and more positive emotions. The intervention, which included an eight-page booklet with discussion prompts, showed promise in improving adolescent health outcomes.

SourceChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia·JournalThe Journal of Pediatrics·DateMay 19, 2020

Forest engineer leads industry team in creating jobs, restoring forest health

A $260,000 award from the US Forest Service supports a two-year project led by NAU professor Han-Sup Han to develop wood products market, invest in rural economies, and increase forest restoration treatments. The goal is to create a center of expertise that can support sustainable forest land management and cluster development.

SourceNorthern Arizona University·DateMay 19, 2020

Migratory secrets of recovering whale species

Researchers found most southern right whales visiting South Georgia breed in South America, contrary to previous suspicion. This discovery will help track population recovery and inform conservation strategies.

SourceBritish Antarctic Survey·JournalJournal of Heredity·DateMay 19, 2020

But it's a dry heat: Climate change and the aridification of North America

Warming temperatures are causing increased aridity across the western United States, leading to declining river flows, tree death, and agricultural stress. Climate scientists warn that this trend will continue eastward, resulting in more frequent and severe dry spells, flash droughts, and interannual droughts.

SourceUniversity of Michigan·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 19, 2020

Algorithmic autos

Researchers at the University of Delaware have optimized vehicle dynamics and powertrain operation using connectivity and automation to reduce stop-and-go driving and travel time while ensuring energy efficiency. The algorithms achieved a 30% increase in energy efficiency in real-world testing, surpassing simulation predictions.

SourceUniversity of Delaware·DateMay 19, 2020

NASA examines tropical storm Arthur's rainfall as it transitions

Tropical Storm Arthur experienced heavy rainfall rates of over 25mm per hour near its northeastern side, with lighter rates throughout the rest of the storm. Forecasters incorporated this data into their forecasts, noting potential impacts on swells and life-threatening surf conditions in the mid-Atlantic and southeast US coasts.

SourceNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center·DateMay 19, 2020

Madagascar copal: New dating for an Antropocene ancient resin

A new study reveals that Madagascar copal, a material thought to be hundreds of years old, is actually an Antropocene-era resin made during the extreme human impact period. The findings suggest that species within the resin may have adapted to new habitats due to deforestation.

SourceUniversity of Barcelona·JournalPLOS ONE·DateMay 19, 2020

Ancient giant armored fish fed in a similar way to basking sharks

Scientists have discovered that ancient giant armored fish Titanichthys likely fed on plankton using a continuous ram-feeding technique. This finding contradicts previous assumptions about the species' feeding strategies, and sheds new light on the evolution of suspension-feeding vertebrates.

SourceUniversity of Bristol·JournalRoyal Society Open Science·DateMay 19, 2020

Ribs evolved for movement first, then co-opted for breathing

A new study found that the mechanics of rib movements in lizards facilitate locomotion, which was later co-opted for breathing. The researchers captured 3D motion of lizard ribs and vertebrae using XROMM, revealing a twisting forward and backward pattern similar to inhalation and exhalation.

SourceUniversity of Utah·JournalScientific Reports·DateMay 19, 2020

VR and AR devices at 1/100 the cost and 1/10,000 the thickness in the works

A South Korean research team has developed moldable nanomaterials and a one-step printing technology to produce ultrathin metalens that are 100 times thinner than human hair. The new technology reduces production costs by 1/100, making VR/AR devices more accessible.

SourcePohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)·JournalNature Communications·DateMay 19, 2020

Navigating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Recent studies on NAFLD have made significant progress in understanding the risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of the condition. The latest research emphasizes the importance of gut microbiota modulation to improve severity, as well as the role of hepatic inflammatory pathways in driving comorbidities.

SourceAmerican Gastroenterological Association·JournalGASTROENTEROLOGY·DateMay 19, 2020

CPRIT Awards research grant to TTUHSC's Reynolds

The CPRIT grant will support research into the mechanism of GD2 expression and response to chemoimmunotherapy in neuroblastoma. The funding will enable investigations into how tumor cells escape therapy with antibodies targeting GD2.

SourceTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center·DateMay 19, 2020

New study confirms important clues to fight ovarian cancer

Researchers have confirmed biological hallmarks of survival in tumor cells and identified two processes linked to high-grade serous carcinoma. Proteomics analysis reveals details about protein communication and function in cancerous cells, providing insights into the 'broken' machinery behind ovarian cancer.

SourceDOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory·JournalCell Reports Medicine·DateMay 19, 2020

2D molecular crystals modulating electronic properties of organic semiconductors

Surface doping of organic semiconductors using two-dimensional molecular crystals has been shown to improve their electronic properties. The use of 1D/2D composite single crystals enables highly controllable doping at the monolayer precision, resulting in increased mobility and reduced threshold voltage. This approach holds great promi...

SourceScience China Press·JournalScience China Chemistry·DateMay 19, 2020

Observing the freely behaving brain in action

Researchers at Max-Planck-Gesellschaft have created a miniature microscope that can capture neural activity in all cortical layers of freely behaving rats. This breakthrough technology allows for continuous imaging of neuron populations, even during complex behaviors, providing insights into the brain's circuit dynamics.

SourceMax-Planck-Gesellschaft·JournalNature Methods·DateMay 19, 2020

Sustainable palm oil? How environmental protection and poverty reduction can be reconciled

The expansion of oil palm cultivation has contributed significantly to economic growth and poverty reduction in local communities, particularly in Asia. However, large-scale deforestation and biodiversity loss are concerns due to the increased demand for palm oil, primarily used in food, fuel, and cosmetics industries.

SourceUniversity of Göttingen·JournalAnnual Review of Resource Economics·DateMay 19, 2020

Cooperation can be contagious particularly when people see the benefit for others

Researchers found that exposing people to prosocial models and modeling elicits subsequent helpful acts, driven by goal contagion. People are more motivated to help after witnessing others benefit from the model than when they themselves benefit. This framework can influence new prosocial behaviors amid the pandemic.

SourceUniversity of Texas at Austin·JournalPsychological Bulletin·DateMay 19, 2020

Protein shapes matter in Alzheimer's research

Researchers found that acetylation at lysine 16 leads to disordered aggregates with high toxicity, highlighting the importance of protein shape in amyloid beta toxicity. The study aims to better understand the complexity of misfolded proteins and their role in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

SourceMichigan Technological University·JournalACS Chemical Neuroscience·DateMay 19, 2020