A new study reveals that bumblebees bite leaves of flowerless plants to accelerate flowering, causing blooms to occur two weeks to a month earlier. This behavior suggests that bumblebees can manipulate plant flowering through deliberate damage, providing pollination systems with more plasticity and resilience to climate change.
Researchers at the University of Southampton have discovered a way to convert an antagonist CD40 antibody into an agonist, which can stimulate the immune system and cure cancer more effectively. The study shows that this
A Monash University study found that inhibiting cell death pathways in oocytes allows them to rapidly repair DNA damage, maintaining fertility. Double-strand breaks are the most harmful type of DNA damage, promoting genetic instability if not repaired correctly.
A new study reveals that the brain can update poorly formed memories with incorrect information, leading to inaccurate recall. The research suggests targeting updating mechanisms therapeutically to treat memory and anxiety disorders.
Researchers found that COVID-19 patients with ischemic strokes tend to be younger and have more severe strokes compared to non-COVID stroke patients. Additionally, the rate of imaging-confirmed acute ischemic stroke in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is lower globally than for non-COVID patients.
A new University of Stirling study investigates the effects of full-time home-based work on productivity and wellbeing, particularly among lower socio-economic groups. The £275,000 project aims to identify key challenges and develop coping strategies for workers and their households during this unprecedented shift.
Researchers at MIT and WHOI have developed a lightweight instrument that can measure both physical and biological features of the ocean's vertical layers. The EcoCTD uses a combination of sensors to capture data on temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll content, providing insights into nutrient cycles and carbon sequestration.
Researchers at NIST have developed a technology that boosts the stability of microwave signals 100-fold, enabling more accurate time dissemination, navigation, and imaging. The new method uses advanced atomic clocks and frequency combs to transfer optical clock stability to the microwave domain.
Current ICU protocols lack detail, leaving doctors exposed to legal liability in case of medical shortages. The study argues that denying treatment based on disability or age could violate patient rights and cause unlawful death.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding plasma behavior at the edge of fusion facilities, which could help achieve fusion power. The Gkeyll code simulates turbulent fluctuations and reduces particle flux near the plasma edge, potentially increasing efficiency.
A survey of adolescent cancer patients and their families found that parents have a poor understanding of their teens' preferred time to discuss end-of-life issues. Family-centered pediatric advance care planning interventions can help address this gap, enabling open conversations about treatment preferences and improving quality of life.
Researchers found that tropical forests can handle heat up to a certain threshold of 32 degrees Celsius, but limiting global temperatures is crucial to avoid accelerating climate change. The study analyzed over half a million trees across 813 forests in the tropics.
A new study compares the distribution of mutations in human tumours to those in chimpanzees and gorillas. The research reveals that human tumours accumulate mutations in regions similar to those found in non-human primates, challenging previous theories on the genetic causes of cancer.
Recent studies have shown that Clioquinol exhibits anti-tumor activities in various cancer cell lines, inhibiting growth and inducing cytotoxicity. However, its clinical efficacy is limited due to poor absorption by tumor cells. Researchers are exploring novel combinations, delivery methods, and analogues of Clioquinol for improved can...
A new analysis suggests that no more than 2,700 Gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be needed to meet the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's global warming targets. This is less than leading estimates of available storage space globally.
Researchers have developed a membrane that can be attached to regular N95 masks, improving virus filtration efficiency and extending mask lifespan. The new filter, made from silicon-based material, features nanoporous structure with smaller pore sizes, blocking more SARS-CoV-2 particles.
A study published in Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience reveals the molecular underpinnings of electrical signals from potassium and sodium ion channels within neurons. The research identifies potential targets for future treatment strategies using existing drugs approved by the FDA.
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery shares update on COVID-19 evidence and strategies for managing the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. The review analyzes available evidence and identifies critical lessons from past pandemics to inform orthopaedic surgeons' responses.
Researchers from Surrey's Advanced Technology Institute have developed a biodegradable motion sensor that can be paired with AI systems to recognize movements of distinct body parts, enabling self-powered sensors without chemical or wired power sources.
The review examines how long immunity to coronaviruses lasts and the prospect of antibody testing. Professors Paul Kellam and Wendy Barclay discuss what is known about immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, including seasonal strains that circulate in humans every winter.
A new model of generic entry and patent litigation recommends a system that rewards the first successful challenger, resulting in fewer pay-for-delay deals. The researchers also advise limiting branded firms' ability to launch authorized generics to prevent such agreements.
The UVA team collaborated with Peking University and Caltech to develop a broadest recorded microcomb spectral span, generating light in the ultraviolet to infrared spectrum. This achievement increases the usefulness of microcombs in spectroscopy, optical clocks, and astronomy calibration.
A new review links dozens of environmental chemicals to changes in the gut microbiome, associated with health challenges such as reproductive defects, Type 2 diabetes, and poor immune function. Exposure to bisphenols and phthalates has been linked to altered hormone metabolism and microbial shifts.
A recent study has uncovered evidence of ancient cultivated rice in Central Asia, dating back to the Kushan period. The discovery sheds new light on the spread of rice agriculture and its role in early global trade.
Researchers found that corals producing a 'sunscreen layer' can encourage symbionts to return, boosting recovery prospects. Colourful bleaching events occur in association with brief or mild heat stress episodes.
A study using CRISPR technology has developed a rapid detection platform to genetically distinguish threatened fish species from non-native species in near real-time. This tool shortens the process from hours to minutes, enabling researchers to identify species quickly and accurately.
Scientists at the Weizmann Institute of Science have successfully self-synthesized and assembled a ribosome subunit on a surface chip. The discovery opens up new possibilities for designing and testing complex molecular structures, including potential applications in vaccine development and drug production.
A new study of Google search data found that residents in states with limited access to contraceptives and high rates of unplanned pregnancies are more likely to seek out family planning information online. Researchers also discovered that policies restricting abortion access, such as the Title X gag rule, lead people to search for abo...
The ATLAS telescope has discovered an asteroid that exhibits cometary behavior, including a tail of dust or gas, near Jupiter's orbit. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that Jupiter Trojan asteroids should not display cometary characteristics.
A UBC scientist has identified a gene called ALK that plays a role in resisting weight gain in humans. The study found that a mutation in the ALK gene is associated with thinner individuals, and that deleting the gene in mice made them resistant to diet-induced obesity.
Researchers analyzed RNA structure data to estimate virus subtypes' age and track spread in Eurasia. The study found that most viruses originated within the last three centuries, with significant expansion in the past 50-100 years.
A Nebraska researcher has developed a smartphone app that uses location and Bluetooth data to track users' physical proximity and notify those potentially exposed to COVID-19. The system provides personalized risk data and insights for individuals making decisions about balancing health and economic risks.
The larvae of beetle genus Toramus attach their exuviae to the distal abdomen and retain them throughout development. This unique behavior may serve as a form of autotomy, allowing predators to remove exuviae without harming the larva. However, further studies are needed to confirm its defensive function.
The University of South Australia has received a $2.7 million grant to further develop anti-bacterial technologies for medical devices, building on existing successes in diagnostics and prognostics. The project aims to create nanotechnology-inspired solutions to improve patient outcomes and reduce infections.
A Duke University study reveals that low-severity fires shield peatland soils from decay, preserving carbon and slowing down its release into the atmosphere. This 'crème brulee effect' enhances long-term carbon retention, with implications for managing peatlands and addressing climate change.
A large-scale study has identified more than 200 genetic factors associated with heart arrhythmias, a common form of heart disease. The research, involving nearly 300,000 individuals, sheds light on the complex interplay between genetics and electrical activity in the heart.
Research reveals that European viper's characteristic zig-zag pattern serves multiple functions during predation events, including hiding and producing an illusionary effect. The study resolves theoretical tensions between opposing functions of color patterns, suggesting a broader scope for evolution.
A German study found that social isolation is associated with a 44% increased risk of cardiovascular events and a 47% increased risk of death from all causes. Financial support is also linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, highlighting the importance of social relationships for heart health.
Researchers developed a smartphone-based technique to assess hemoglobin levels using spectral super-resolution spectroscopy, eliminating the need for bulky optical components. The new approach uses images of the inner eyelid to detect blood disorders such as anemia and sickle cell anemia
A study at Bar-Ilan University found that group drumming fosters both behavioral and physiological synchronization among participants. This synchronization enhances cohesion, predicts a heightened sense of group bonding, and even improves performance in subsequent group tasks.
A case series examines COVID-19 symptoms among residents and staff in an independent/assisted living community, emphasizing the need for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. The study highlights the risk of outbreaks in these settings and underscores the importance of implementing effective infection control measures.
Researchers develop stable capsule shell for L-phenylalanine ammonium-liasis (PAL) enzyme, improving its effectiveness and stability in the body. The treatment has potential applications beyond phenylketonuria, including other amino acid metabolism disorders.
A new case study reports the first known case of subacute thyroiditis after COVID-19 infection, according to The Endocrine Society. Patients with COVID-19 may experience additional symptoms such as neck and thyroid pain, fever, and an increased heart rate.
Researchers studied the roles of Sierra Leonean journalists during the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak, finding they adapted to become educators and public mobilizers. Targeted training helped them identify safe reporting practices, improving their communication of public health messages.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that social isolation is a risk factor for increased COVID-19 cases among older adults in Italy. Regions with larger households and high numbers of residential nursing homes experienced the highest rates of infection.
Researchers at Columbia University have developed a high-performance non-reciprocal device on a compact chip, achieving performance 25 times better than previous work. This breakthrough enables the creation of novel components such as circulators and isolators for two-way communication, doubling data capacity in wireless networks.
Researchers aim to develop wearable technologies capable of diagnosing conditions like preeclampsia and epilepsy using solid-state sensing and wearable devices. The goal is to improve healthcare in rural and remote areas with limited access to medical services.
Researchers at Mississippi State University have successfully bred heat-tolerant annual ryegrass using recurrent phenotypic selection. The new germplasm can germinate and survive under high temperature stress conditions, allowing for late summer or early fall planting in the Southeast, increasing grazing days in winter and spring.
Mount Sinai researchers found lower ACE2 expression in younger children, increasing with age. This could help explain why children are less likely to get COVID-19 and account for only 2% of identified cases.
Researchers analyzed ancient Italian DNA, revealing a complex mosaic of ancestry components and genetic peculiarities shaped by environmental interactions. These adaptations contribute to reducing disease risk, favoring longer lifespan in some cases.
IVI will conduct epidemiological studies of COVID-19 in Madagascar and Burkina Faso using its infectious disease surveillance sites. The collaboration aims to identify cases accurately and inform effective policies.
Researchers propose genetic barcodes to guarantee DNA samples' authenticity before reaching the lab, mitigating cyberbiosecurity threats. The system introduces non-harmful material into samples as they're collected, which acts as a password ensuring their genuineness upon processing.
Scientists create a novel, metal-free method to selectively introduce Fluor into aliphatic C-H bonds, enabling the efficient synthesis of complex fluorinated compounds. The approach combines iodine catalysis and photochemistry, offering a greener alternative to existing electrophilic fluorination methods.
A diet rich in fish omega-3 fatty acids modulates lipoprotein particles, reducing triglycerides transported by any type of lipoprotein. The study found that increased consumption of LDL cholesterol from fish is associated with larger, less atherogenic LDL particles.
Autistic burnout is a chronic state of exhaustion, loss of skills, and reduced tolerance to stimulus caused by chronic life stress and inadequate supports. Research highlights the need for understanding, relieving, and preventing autistic burnout to improve health, quality of life, and independent living.
A new study found significant disparities in reproductive health care access in Ohio after increasing abortion regulations. The researchers discovered that rural counties experienced a sharp decrease in abortions, while medication abortion care also decreased significantly.
NUI Galway research shows that taking blood pressure medications can reduce the risk of developing dementia and cognitive impairment by 7%, and cognitive decline also by 7% over a four-year period. The study highlights the critical importance of controlling blood pressure in maintaining brain health, combined with a healthy lifestyle.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute created a simple 'sniff test' that accurately predicts which brain-injured patients will regain consciousness. The test, which measures nasal airflow patterns in response to odors, showed 92% accuracy in predicting patient survival for at least three years.
Researchers have identified a 'thermometer' circuit in the fruit fly that relays information about external cold temperature to the brain, inhibiting neurons that promote activity and wakefulness. This discovery helps explain why humans struggle to wake up in the morning during winter.
A new study highlights the need for Indigenous collaboration in managing sea otter populations to improve coexistence between humans and this challenging predator. The study reveals that strengthening Indigenous governance authority and establishing locally designed co-management plans can enable human-otter coexistence.
Australian scientists have developed a new generation of experimental solar energy cells that pass strict International Electrotechnical Commission testing standards for heat and humidity. The research, published in Science, uses perovskite crystals to convert sunlight into electricity, outperforming silicon-based cells.
A study published in Journal of Internal Medicine found that weight loss surgery changes gene expression in fat tissue, leading to metabolic improvements and reduced type 2 diabetes risk. These changes persisted even after weight regain, suggesting a long-term impact on health outcomes.
A recent study explores the application of deep learning in ecological resource research, addressing challenges such as multi-source/multi-meta heterogeneity and high dimensional complexity. The study highlights the potential of deep learning in connecting computer science with classical theoretical sciences in ecology.
A study published in BMC Biology suggests that northern and southern Italian populations diverged genetically as early as 19,000-12,000 years ago. The research found distinct genetic variants between individuals from different regions, with adaptations to climate-specific genes.
Researchers have discovered a link between exposure to certain environmental chemicals and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease. The study analyzed data from 46,748 US adults and found that elevated levels of seven chemicals were associated with markers of kidney disease.
Recent genome-wide association studies identify genetic variants associated with schizophrenia, promising new treatments targeting the underlying biology and pathophysiology of the disorder. Researchers review efforts to bridge the gap between genetic findings and innovative treatments.
A new clinical trial is testing an alpha blocker treatment to prevent severe COVID-19 symptoms by targeting the body's overactive immune response. The trial aims to lower ICU admission rates and ventilator use in patients with COVID-19, offering a secondary form of prevention until vaccines are available.
Scientists discovered biological markers in teeth of children who later developed ALS, shedding light on the disease's early stages and potential preventive strategies. The study found abnormal metal uptake patterns, suggesting a link between environmental factors and disease onset.
Researchers at Okayama University have developed a model showing how liver cancer stem cells are born from normal stem cells under specific environmental conditions. The study successfully established liver CSCs without genetic manipulation, providing a crucial tool for further research and potential targeted therapies.
A topological pump has been developed to transport mechanical energy even through defective wave-guides and disorder. This innovation could lead to more robust devices that continue to operate despite damage.
Researchers have identified specific compounds from the Brazilian peppertree that reduce the virulence of antibiotic-resistant staph bacteria. The triterpenoid acids block the ability of bacteria to produce toxins, allowing the immune system to heal wounds more effectively.
Researchers have developed a new model that enables direct measurement of vibrations inside neutron stars from gravitational-wave signals. This will provide fresh insights into the fundamental nature and composition of these mysterious objects, unlocking new avenues for studying extremely dense nuclear matter.
A study recorded spiny lobster antennal rasps at distances of up to 400m, with large individuals detectable up to 3 km away in low-noise conditions. This non-invasive tool helps monitor and survey populations of vulnerable spiny lobsters.
A comprehensive analysis of exercise and its protective role for high-risk breast cancer patients reveals that even a modest amount of exercise can be beneficial, reducing the risk of cancer recurrence by 55%, and death by 68%. The study found that starting exercise after treatment also offers significant survival benefits.
Researchers discover genetic variant ALK in thin individuals that helps resist weight gain and obesity, with implications for developing therapeutics targeting this gene. The study found that deleting the ALK gene results in thinner flies and mice, highlighting its potential role in regulating energy expenditure.
Around 1 in 4 police officers may drink at hazardous levels, while 1 in 7 meet PTSD or depression criteria. Effective treatment and monitoring programs are needed to address these issues.
A new study reveals that children in Australia are at low risk of contracting COVID-19, with none requiring hospitalization. The research, led by the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, analyzed 434 patients and found only four positive cases, highlighting the success of outpatient management for COVID-19 positive patients.
A study examining COVID-19 patient lungs found distinctive vascular features, including severe endothelial injury and blood clotting. Researchers also observed a unique pattern of pulmonary vascular disease progression in some cases compared to equally severe influenza infections.
A new study presents a detailed global prediction map of groundwater arsenic concentrations, revealing previously unidentified areas of potential contamination. The map highlights high-risk regions in Asia and South America, where millions are at risk of drinking water containing harmful levels of arsenic.
The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis as a public health problem is within reach, with fewer than 1,000 new cases reported in 2018. According to the study, the area at moderate or high risk of HAT has shrunk significantly since 2016.
Researchers will sequence parasitic worm genomes to develop genetic tools for monitoring and tracking resistance, leading to new therapies. Two projects focus on river blindness and fascioliasis, causing devastating illness in millions of people globally.
Researchers at MIPT have developed a method to combine structural and spectroscopic approaches for studying membrane receptors. This allows for a detailed understanding of receptor functioning and behavior inside the cell, which is crucial for developing effective drugs.
Researchers developed a device that circulates cool water into pressure-relieving insoles to reduce foot temperature and diminish the risk of tissue breakdown. The device, TAPMARI, was tested in eight volunteers and showed promising results, potentially preventing thousands of amputations worldwide.
Graphite exhibits stronger interplanar bond strength than previously believed, with an elastic constant of nearly 50 GPa, due to a short-range correlation effect selectively strengthening the potential energy surface. This discovery was made using a new ultrasonic measurement technique on defect-free monocrystalline graphite.
A University of South Australia research project aims to use digital technologies such as apps, wearables, and social media to improve people's behaviors and create lasting lifestyle changes that can ward off chronic disease. The goal is to make accessible and affordable health solutions for all Australians.
A study by University of Rochester researchers found that women quotas in India's local government elections led to a reduction in the representation of lower caste groups, while increasing the representation of Hindu upper castes. The quota policy aimed to increase female representation but ultimately had unintended consequences.
A review paper from McGill University found that pain research remains overwhelmingly biased towards male rodents, leading to ineffective treatments for female chronic pain sufferers. The study suggests that most current analgesics will largely work in men rather than women, highlighting a critical blind spot in pain research.
Researchers at the University of Strathclyde are developing an exercise app to support family carers' physical and mental well-being. The app aims to provide accessible, evidence-based exercise guidance and encourage regular activity among busy carers.
Avium is developing a Dual Element Matrix Water Electrolyzer to generate hydrogen from water using electricity. The technology has the potential to make hydrogen production friendlier to the environment by reducing materials costs and increasing on-site generation.
A team of Louisiana engineers and scientists, with federal funding from the National Science Foundation, are developing new technologies and materials to enhance structural safety and integrity in 3-D printing. They will use machine learning to efficiently discover and test optimal material compositions and processing methods.
The June 2020 issue of Journal of Dental Research explores the latest research on the oral microbiome, highlighting rapid progress in understanding its dynamics. The papers cover topics such as analyzing microbial communities, cultivating species, and their connections to oral health conditions like cancer and diabetes.
A Penn State study found that eating a meal with six grams of spice blend reduced inflammation markers compared to meals with less or no spices. The researchers discovered anti-inflammatory properties in the blend, which may help offset inflammation caused by high-carb and high-fat meals.
Researchers have simultaneously captured the movements of electrons and nuclei in a molecule after it was excited with light, revealing both sides of the story in a single experiment. This marks the first time this has been done with ultrafast electron diffraction.
Researchers investigate how macrophages mediate tissue repair and promote lung stem-cell growth in response to worm infections. Their findings may have relevance for understanding and treating COVID-19-related lung damage.
A team of scientists from Nagoya University found that starving medaka larvae can cause sex reversal, revealing a potential link to environmental factors and metabolic processes. The study may provide insights into rare conditions in humans and other vertebrates where individuals have characteristics of both sexes.
Scientists have identified key mechanisms within cells that disrupt breast cancer development when exposed to environmental chemicals. The study provides a roadmap for regulators to identify potential breast carcinogens and develop safer products.
A new visualization method using atomic force microscopy is developed to determine the distribution of components in battery electrodes, providing insights into optimal composite electrode conditions. The method has potential to improve performance and safety of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.
Researchers develop a deep-learning model to estimate fine detail of fuel moisture levels across 12 western states, improving fire studies. The new dataset could help reveal areas at greatest risk and chart candidate locations for prescribed burns.
A new study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers found that newspapers provide less coverage of car safety recalls issued by manufacturers that advertise more regularly, especially those with severe defects. This supply-side bias due to advertising revenue may be dangerous for consumers.
A long-term study found that tropical forests worldwide are likely to remain intact in moderate climate warming scenarios, with carbon storage capacities remaining stable. However, this thermal adaptation potential may not be fully realized due to rapid temperature rises and human disturbances like clearance, logging, or fires.
Research suggests that 'first-generation learners' - children whose parents never went to school - often underperform in Maths and English. The study found that systems need to adapt to prioritize their needs, requiring extra training for teachers and changes to curricula and assessment systems.
Researchers found that Paramecium, a single-celled organism, uses sex as a way to cope with stress and increase survival rates. The study suggests a mechanistic link between sex and the stress response, where increased expression of heat shock proteins during sexual reproduction provides protection from stressors.
Randomized controlled trials and epidemiological compartmental models can be used to evaluate the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions on disease transmission. By harnessing these methods, policymakers and scientists can reduce the human health, societal, and economic costs of a pandemic.
Researchers developed a DNA marker to identify tumors that use an alternate lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism, which can help stratify patients into ultra-high risk categories. The study suggests a new scale for neuroblastoma risk stratification could lead to improved treatment outcomes.
A new study suggests that a comprehensive multi-drug regimen for heart failure could significantly extend patients' lives, with potential benefits of up to six years and eight years free from cardiovascular events. The regimen, which combines newer therapies, may improve life expectancy across all age groups.
Remote reading of imaging studies on home PACS workstations helps protect vulnerable radiologists and patients from COVID-19, while ensuring seamless interpretation capabilities in emergency scenarios. The study highlights the challenges and solutions in implementing teleradiology, including workstation assignments and workflow redesign.
A study by the University of the Basque Country found that labour reforms aimed at reducing unemployment had no effect on total employment. Instead, temporary employment increased significantly while permanent employment decreased.
UC Berkeley researchers develop a new catalyst to add functional groups to the strongest carbon-hydrogen bonds, opening doors to novel molecule synthesis. The breakthrough could lead to rapid production of complex structures for drugs, plastics, and other chemicals.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have developed a method to detect red blood cell damage in real-time, which could improve patient safety during dialysis. The technique uses mechanical resistance to measure changes in blood conductivity caused by damaged red blood cells.
A 145 million-year-old ichthyosaur skeleton was studied using a selfie stick and fishing rod, revealing that Nannopterygius was a widespread species during the Late Jurassic. New discoveries found specimens in UK museums, including Oxford, Cambridge, and Kimmeridge, Dorset, expanding our knowledge of this ancient reptile.
Researchers at Kazan Federal University have developed new in vitro test systems for selecting effective antitumor drugs, which take into account the complex interactions between tumor cells and healthy tissue. The new models aim to improve primary screening of substances with antitumor activity.
Over half of mums-to-be at risk of pre-eclampsia are not receiving preventive aspirin treatment, says consultant obstetrician. Making aspirin available from local pharmacies could help ward off the condition, says Dr Joanna Girling.
Researchers found that 62% of participants had physical multimorbidity in 2015, with the condition increasing with age, female gender, and educational level. The study concludes that concerted efforts are needed to reduce health inequalities due to multimorbidity and its adverse economic impact.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, bladder cancer patients with low-risk tumors can be safely managed with active surveillance, while those with high-risk tumors should proceed with active treatment. For muscle-invasive bladder cancer, radical cystectomy with urinary diversion is recommended.
Researchers at Hokkaido University developed a new method to detect anti-avian influenza virus antibody, which could be used to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The technology uses a portable fluorescence polarization analyzer that can examine multiple samples and detect the antibody in just 20 minutes.
Healthcare professionals are risking their lives to care for patients with COVID-19 infection due to inadequate PPE. Governments and voters are partly to blame for this situation, which is a preventable consequence of underfunding health services.