A recent study published in Scientific Reports analyzed thousands of vertical measurements over airports and characterized CO2 variations over 34 major cities worldwide. The CONTRAIL program's aircraft data showed clear CO2 enhancements when wind comes from urban areas, indicating a relationship between CO2 variability and city emissions.
The Harmony TPV Pivotal Trial demonstrated favorable outcomes for the use of TPV device in patients with severe pulmonary regurgitation. The trial showed high procedural success, safety, and favorable device performance, with 100% freedom from procedure-related mortality at 30 days.
A new bone-graft biomaterial supercooled before application could eliminate pain and improve smile outcomes for dental patients. The material, combining octacalcium phosphate with collagen, has shown superior bone regenerative properties compared to earlier substitutes.
A study reveals that cyanobacteria and tardigrades are widely distributed in freshwater lakes in Antarctica, with specific eukaryotic algae dominating certain sites. This research contributes to understanding adaptation mechanisms of microorganisms to extreme physical stresses in Antarctica.
Scientists analyzed 13,000-year-old beetle fossils using X-ray scattering techniques and found that the expected photonic nanostructures were perfectly preserved. The blue and green structural colors studied had not changed over time, with modern beetles of the same genus showing very similar colors.
Scientists at the University of South Carolina have developed a new method using machine learning and synthetic chemistry to design and make gas-filtering membranes more quickly. The discovery could revolutionize materials design, reducing trial-and-error work and enabling faster development of effective membranes.
A team of scientists found that moisture triggers degradation of Edvard Munch's masterpiece The Scream, which can be preserved by minimizing exposure to high humidity levels and keeping lighting at standard values. This study provides new knowledge for the conservation strategy of the Munch Museum.
Astronomers have measured the stellar obliquity of TRAPPIST-1, a very low-mass star, and found it to be low and close to zero. This is the first detection of this effect for an exoplanet system with Earth-like planets, suggesting that planetary orbits may not be misaligned with star rotation.
The new peer-reviewed journal Forensic Genomics will document advances in genetic testing and genome sequencing to support human identification. The Journal will accept original research papers and genealogical research on DNA testing technologies, algorithms, artificial intelligence, and genealogical methods.
Glioblastoma cells acquire radiation resistance by dumping exosomal microRNA miR-603, leading to increased protein production and insensitivity to radiation. This study reveals a new therapeutic strategy for overcoming cancer cell resistance.
Researchers at University of Malaga's BacBio laboratory have identified a new role for an amyloid protein, improving biological control methods in sustainable agriculture. The study reveals the dual functionality of the protein, which helps bacterial cells attach to plant surfaces, combat pathogens and improve fitness.
Archaeological finds of Boa vertebrae on Martinique and Guadeloupe suggest the snake's cultural significance in pre-Columbian Lesser Antilles. The discovery also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research to reconstruct lost pasts.
Scientists analyzed extinct and living lions' genomes to determine when species diverged, finding modern Indian lions lack genetic diversity due to inbreeding. This reduction threatens the species' survival, making conservation efforts crucial.
Researchers provide guidance on effective serious illness communication over video or telephone during the COVID-19 pandemic. They also report cases of pulmonary arterial thrombosis in COVID-19 patients with fatal outcomes, highlighting the need for improved understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A K-State University infectious disease scientist has co-authored a critical needs assessment for coronavirus-related research in companion animals and livestock. The study highlights the importance of studying COVID-19's potential spread between humans and animals, with key areas of focus including animal susceptibility and therapeuti...
A new study by SWOG Cancer Research Network found that simple text reminders do not improve breast cancer hormone therapy adherence. The study enrolled 724 post-menopausal women and tested the effectiveness of brief, twice-weekly text messages reminding them to take their medication.
A world-first study found social venture start-ups create more jobs than previously thought, with an average job creation effect per firm larger than for commercial counterparts. Social ventures address underserved markets and offer a growth advantage due to lower costs and tax breaks.
The exposome concept captures diverse environmental factors affecting human health, including chemicals in air, water, and food. Recent technological advances and analytical tools are crucial for identifying unknown chemicals and their impact on health.
A recent study from Oregon State University found that online exercise advice rarely matches the national Physical Activity Guidelines, which advise adults to engage in moderate aerobic activity for at least 150 minutes per week. The study analyzed fitness recommendations from various websites and found that professional associations w...
A Rutgers-led study found that oyster aquaculture along the Delaware Bay does not significantly impact four shorebird species, including the federally threatened red knot. The research team discovered a small reduction in shorebird presence, but no detectable impact on foraging behavior.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt used a cell culture model to test compounds against SARS-CoV-2 virus, finding several that slowed down or stopped virus reproduction. The findings enable the search for an active substance to be narrowed down to approved drugs.
A study published by The BMJ found that COVID-19 death counts are a substantial underestimation of the actual number of deaths from the disease in some Italian regions. Researchers analyzed all cause mortality data to determine this discrepancy.
A large randomized study found that patients undergoing cardiac catheterization can eat prior to the procedure without increasing complications or costs. The study challenges traditional fasting protocols and could lead to more patient-centered care.
A research team at Tohoku University has developed a new method for high-speed, high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) using intense synchrotron radiation. This allows for imaging of samples within milliseconds without the need for extreme rotation, making it possible to control temperature and atmosphere conditions.
A new study published in Cell Metabolism found that disulfiram, normally used to treat alcohol use disorder, can help obese mice normalize their body weight and reverse metabolic damage. The drug's anti-inflammatory properties are believed to be key to its beneficial effects.
A study reviewing 315 articles on Washington Post coverage of autism found a shift from a focus on 'cause and cure' towards acceptance and accommodation, reflecting changing public attitudes and the autistic rights movement.
Scientists have discovered a strong immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people who have recovered from COVID-19, which provides a benchmark for testing vaccine candidates. The study also found substantial cross-reactivity against common cold coronaviruses, suggesting potential preexisting immunity.
The study analyzed seven Latin American countries and found that widespread adoption of emission-reduction techniques is necessary to meet target. Researchers highlight barriers to adoption, including lack of access to inputs and information, and propose solutions such as formal systems of replication, subsidies, and technical assistance.
A new algorithm, Mendelevian Search, predicts optimal materials by searching through all possible combinations of chemical elements and crystal structures. The method has successfully predicted diamond and several dozen hard and superhard phases, including some new ones.
Fossilized footprints from Africa's largest human collection suggest a division of labor in ancient human communities. The 408 human footprints, dated between 19,100 and 5,760 years ago, indicate that females foraged together while males accompanied them or visited them.
A newly identified metabolic signature can evaluate an individual's adherence and metabolic response to the Mediterranean diet, indicating future CVD risk. The signature consists of 67 metabolites that were highly reproducible across different study populations.
Researchers developed a noninvasive ultrasound neuromodulation technique that inhibits epileptiform activities with an efficiency exceeding 65% in biopsy specimens from epileptic patients. The study demonstrates the potential clinical use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation for epilepsy treatment.
Researchers found that ozone-depleting chemical alternatives have increased dramatically in the Arctic since 1990, contaminating freshwater sources and affecting wildlife. The substances, known as scPFCAs, can travel long distances and accumulate in human blood and food crops.
Researchers discovered that malaria parasites can tick their own internal clocks, with 90% of genes showing rhythmic patterns. This internal metronome may help the parasite synchronize its escape from red blood cells and evade the human immune system.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati are investigating how COVID-19 affects heart cells, with half of ICU patients showing heart damage. The team aims to understand the virus's mechanism and develop diagnostic tests for COVID-19-related heart injury.
The HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) and HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) launched a new clinical trial to study immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. The trial aims to develop antibody assays for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which will aid in the development and testing of a safe and effective vaccine.
A novel study uses optical coherence tomography to predict hemodynamic relevance of coronary lesions, reducing need for pressure wire and potentially saving patient risk and healthcare expenses. OCT parameters showed significant correlation with fractional flow reserve values.
The BladeSense project has shown strong potential for advancing rotor blade health monitoring through real-time data collection. This technology could substantially save on lifecycle costs and provide new pathways for performance monitoring, using novel interferometric fibre optic shape measurement.
Researchers at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics found clear quantum interference in the H + HD reaction, verifying that Nature plays dice. The study reveals a new roaming mechanism, which occurs only 0.3% of the time, and highlights the complexity of chemical reactions.
The Nutrimedia project applies the GRADE method to evaluate the truthfulness of nutrition-related messages in news and advertisements. This approach helps the public critically interpret nutritional information, as most messages were classified as uncertain or possibly true.
A new model explains the simultaneous origins of Fermi bubbles and galactic center biconical X-ray structure, with energy injection from a pair of jets emanating from Sgr A* five million years ago. The study suggests the total energy injected is comparable to 20,000 supernovae.
A recent study found that reptile poaching in Balochistan has decreased since 2013, but the trade continues to pose a significant threat to biodiversity. The research team interviewed 73 illegal collectors and recorded 5,369 specimens of 19 species, all of which are protected under the Balochistan Provincial Wildlife Act.
A new study uncovers genetic relationships of ancient humans in northern and southern China, showing a closer connection between present-day East Asians and Neolithic populations. The research highlights the impact of population movement on human history, revealing continuity back 9,500 years.
A Moffitt Cancer Center study found that CAR T-cell therapy, Yescarta, is effective in patients with relapsed/refractory large B cell lymphoma who would not have qualified for clinical trials. The study showed an overall response rate of 82% and durable response rate of 47%, suggesting that these patients can benefit from the therapy.
A study led by University of California, Berkeley researchers suggests that effectively reducing encounters between domestic prey and wild predators requires knowing the principles governing ecological interactions among these players and their surrounding landscape. By considering the ecology of how predators hunt, how their prey beha...
Two studies from France and China found no significant reduction in COVID-19 hospitalizations or deaths with hydroxychloroquine treatment. Adverse events were more common in patients receiving the drug, contradicting previous lab test results and guidelines that recommended its use.
Researchers discovered that catnip revived the mint family tradition by evolving a new iridoid production line, producing nepetalactone with unique chemical properties.
A study by University of Alabama at Birmingham researcher Nita Limdi and colleagues found that patients with loss-of-function variants who were treated with clopidogrel had elevated risks of heart attacks and death. In contrast, prasugrel or ticagrelor proved to be more effective and cost-effective alternatives for genotype-guided anti...
Researchers have identified the largest and hottest shield volcano on Earth as Pūhāhonu, which is nearly twice as big as Mauna Loa. The study reveals that hotspots can undergo pulses of melt production, rewriting the textbooks on mantle plumes.
Scientists from Tokyo Medical and Dental University discovered a key phosphorylation site on the protein Ulk1 that regulates alternative autophagy, a process by which cells recycle dysfunctional contents. The study found that this site is essential for the activation of alternative autophagy under genotoxic stress conditions.
The University of Texas at Arlington is collaborating with the city of Coppell to inspect sewer pipelines using robotic technology and machine learning. The project aims to predict the remaining service life of the pipelines, utilizing advanced analysis techniques such as Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
A natural product called dephostatin has been found to be an effective partner for the antibiotic colistin in treating infections caused by the bacteria Salmonella. The combination significantly prolonged animal survival and used a lower concentration of colistin, reducing its toxic effect.
Research shows that fungicides Prothioconazole and pydiflumetofen provide effective control of Fusarium wilt in watermelon, regardless of application rate or method. These findings suggest that pydiflumetofen could be used as an additional mode of action for growers, reducing selection for fungicide resistance.
Scientists have identified two genes responsible for a melanoma that develops near the tails of male highland-sheepshead hybrids. These findings provide insight into the genetic causes of hybrid dysfunction and its effects on disease, highlighting the importance of understanding gene interactions in different species.
Researchers at Arizona State University have discovered the earliest evidence for symbolic behavior, complex pyrotechnology, and projectile weapons in South African archaeological sites. The study reveals that a vast plain, now submerged undersea, was a key foraging habitat for early modern humans during glacial phases.
The Conformable Decoders Group at MIT's Media Lab implemented a lean lab approach, reducing time spent on closing down operations from over an hour to just 15 minutes. This led to significant cost savings, increased productivity, and a strong safety record.
A new Cornell University study found that 65% of bee species and 75% of flower species carried pathogens, with diseases transmitted between bees and flowers. In simplified landscapes with more farmland, the dominant bumblebee species spread pathogens across many more flowers, reducing individual bee exposure to new pathogens.
Research suggests pangolins may be natural carriers of Betacoronaviruses, increasing risk of animal-to-human transmission. The study does not support the idea that pangolins are an intermediate host for SARS-CoV-2.
A new study has identified a group of genes with altered expression in autism spectrum disorder, affecting communication among neurons. The discovery could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment by targeting these genes.
A team of economists at Binghamton University is studying the impact of biases on social distancing during the pandemic. They aim to understand how cognitive biases influence individuals' decisions to follow health guidelines, including wearing masks and staying at home.