Researchers developed tools to estimate if wave-energy devices will turn over in changing ocean environments. The mathematical approach considers device geometry, mooring systems, and tidal wave properties, yielding accurate predictions.
New research shows that climate change is altering the role of the North American monsoon in regulating wildfire season. Without the monsoon's winter rains, winter rainfall and snowpack are not enough to stop severe fires, leading to more destructive blazes. The US may learn from Mexico's land management strategies to mitigate wildfires.
Research reveals that trapping is ineffective in controlling invasive American signal crayfish in Europe, and may even exacerbate the problem. A novel 'triple drawdown technique' proved significantly more accurate in determining population size.
A UH professor has received a $897,400 federal grant to study how parents influence their children's emotional development. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion coaching in shaping parental interactions and improving relationships with children.
Researchers investigated the association between e-cigarette use and self-reported wheezing among adolescents. The study found a significant link between e-cigarette use and increased risk of respiratory symptoms in this age group.
A recent study published in eLife found that statins may lower overall cancer risk by inhibiting HMGCR enzymes, potentially through non-lipid lowering mechanisms. The research used genetic variants from UK Biobank and suggested a possible link between statin therapy and reduced cancer risk.
Dr. Ed Fry, a distinguished professor at Texas A&M University, received the 2020 Nils Gunnar Jerlov Award for his contributions to understanding light scattering and optical absorption of water. The award recognizes his innovative research in ocean optics.
Researchers at UC Davis have developed a new method to characterize and calibrate spectrometers using excess noise in light signals. This approach allows for faster and more accurate calibration, with results comparable to traditional methods in just a few seconds.
The new T3 Cleanrooms facility at the Translational Research Institute is accelerating Australian medical innovations into clinical trials. The facility provides small-scale sterile product manufacturing and training capacity for researchers, start-ups, and companies.
VIDO-InterVac has been awarded a grant to determine the effectiveness of several antiviral compounds against COVID-19 using a hamster model. The project aims to develop a safe solution to end the pandemic as quickly as possible.
A tiny jaw from Greenland has revealed the earliest known example of dentary bone with two rows of cusps on molars and double-rooted teeth, offering insights into mammal tooth evolution. The discovery suggests that complex occlusion and double-rooted teeth developed together in early mammals.
Researchers developed a new method to distinguish between small earthquakes and low-yield nuclear explosions in the US West. By comparing local magnitude and coda duration magnitude measurements, seismologists can identify seismic events caused by human activity more accurately.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have developed novel anticancer compounds that inhibit the IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway, a key player in ER stress response. These inhibitors show selective activity against malignant B cells, including MM and CLL, with improved tumor specificity.
A new study from Binghamton University suggests that coaches who focus on transformational leadership can help athletes become less reliant on them over time. This means that coaches who inspire and mentor their players to achieve their full potential are more likely to have a positive impact on their development.
Researchers have found that an amino acid called D-serine could prevent a type of epileptic seizure by blocking receptors in the brain. The study, published in Nature Communications, suggests that D-serine levels are depleted in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, leading to neuronal death and loss of function.
Dr. Adebiyi's research investigates newborn kidney functions and their alterations in acute and long-term disease, with a focus on growth-restricted infants. The new $3 million grant will explore the cellular mechanisms underlying progressive kidney insufficiency in these babies.
A USC study found that the hunger hormone ghrelin affects animals' eating frequency and memory. Rats with disrupted ghrelin signaling to the vagus nerve ate more frequently and gained weight, indicating impaired episodic memory.
Scientists compiled new evidence that atolls are formed by cyclic changes in sea level, contradicting Darwin's 1842 theory. Researchers found that atolls were created by flat-topped banks built over 5 million years ago, driven by fluctuations in the Earth's climate.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have created a new type of quasiparticle called helical topological exciton-polaritons, which have a defined spin locked to their direction of motion. This achievement opens up possibilities for using them to transmit information or perform computations at unprecedented speeds.
The research team developed a new ultrafast fiber laser that produces an average power of over 10 kW without significant degradation in beam quality. This technology paves the way for industrial-scale materials processing and visionary applications such as space debris removal.
Researchers found that the orbitofrontal cortex, responsible for calculating economic value, also judges relationship value based on commitment signals. This suggests a neural overlap between economic and social value evaluation.
A new study by Columbia University researchers found that mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection rarely transmit the virus to their newborns when basic infection-control practices are followed. This suggests that more extensive measures like separating COVID-19-positive mothers from their newborns may not be necessary.
A nationwide cohort study has confirmed that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased mortality risk, even in mild stages. The study found that patients with NAFLD had a 93% increased risk of all-cause mortality, driven primarily by deaths from extra-hepatic cancer and cirrhosis.
Passelègue's groundbreaking study sheds light on the dynamics of faults, finding that initial strain plays a crucial role in determining rupture speed and energy release. His model shows that higher strains trigger faster ruptures while lower strains result in slower ones.
A new study suggests that restrictive border policies could exacerbate the effects of climate change on vulnerable regions, limiting their ability to emigrate. In contrast, open borders have a positive impact on developing countries, providing an important source of income through remittance and reducing vulnerability to climate change.
Researchers at NHGRI conducted a study to better understand the needs of patients with sickle cell disease regarding genome editing clinical trials. Participants showed higher genetic literacy levels than expected, but emphasized the need for accessible information about risks and benefits.
A new study by University of York found that TV advertising, free tobacco products, and exposure to smoking in public places are the biggest drivers of tobacco use among teens in South Asia. Teaching adolescents about the harmful effects of tobacco at school was effective in reducing smokeless tobacco use but not smoking.
Researchers from Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University propose a novel approach to analyzing dendritic spine shapes by considering clusterization methods. This approach can provide more accurate understanding of synaptic input and its relationship with learning, memory, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers in Lesotho and Switzerland found that combining home visits with HIV self-tests increased test coverage among villagers, particularly young people. The strategy resulted in a 20% higher HIV test rate compared to traditional campaigns.
Researchers repurposed wasp venom peptides to develop anti-infectives with dual antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Mice treated with these peptides exhibited reduced bacterial counts and improved survival rates.
A recent study by Ezekiel J. Emanuel et al. compares COVID-19 deaths and excess all-cause mortality in the US to 18 countries with varying COVID-19 responses. The findings highlight the significant impact of COVID-19 on mortality rates worldwide.
Researchers found that estrogen receptor beta is essential for female skeletal muscle growth and regeneration, promoting muscle stem cell proliferation and inhibiting cell death. In contrast, male mice lacking the ERβ gene did not show impaired muscle regenerative capacity, suggesting a gender-specific mechanism.
Researchers at Linköping University have identified a new mechanism by which substances can open specific ion channels and regulate nerve impulses. The study reveals a large group of substances that influence the coupling between ion channel parts, opening potassium channels in a specific manner.
The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened existing health and economic disparities in communities of color, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. A proposed program of restorative justice aims to address these disparities through investments in education and housing, reforms in lending practices, and criminal justice reforms.
Researchers at New York University have developed a new fast-acting form of deltamethrin, a widely used insecticide, that is up to 12 times more effective against mosquitoes than the existing form. The new crystal form remains stable and kills mosquitoes for at least three months.
The Affordable Care Act is facing an uncertain future due to the national election and a pending Supreme Court case. A panel of national experts will discuss the law's origins, impacts, and potential future at a free online event on Oct. 15.
Researchers developed CAR NKT cells to target neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer. The modified cells showed safety, localization to tumors, and induced an objective response with regression of bone metastatic lesions in one patient.
Research reveals a correlation between impaired blood flow and tau protein buildup in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting targeting vascular function as a key to prevention and treatment. The study used MRI and PET scans to compare blood flow and tau levels in older adults with varying degrees of cognitive impairment.
A University of Cincinnati researcher is conducting a study on pharmacogenomics and opioid addiction. The goal is to identify genetic markers associated with OUD and compare them between patients who have and don't have the condition.
Researchers at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center developed a therapy using immune system T cells and an immune-boosting drug packaged in a gel to preserve vision in mice implanted with retinoblastoma. The therapy successfully delayed tumor development and prevented recurrence, showing promise for future clinical trials.
FACET-II will produce highly energetic electron and positron beams, allowing researchers to understand the universe's fundamental particles and forces, as well as biology and chemistry. The facility will also aid in designing brighter-than-ever X-ray lasers and lead to improvements in existing light sources.
A bioceramic scaffold promotes bone regeneration and repair large bone defects without the need for bone grafts. The study found that the bioceramic converted into well-vascularized bone tissue with a structure similar to native bone.
A study by Hokkaido University scientists found that age is independent of COVID-19 susceptibility, but age-dependent factors contribute to severe symptoms and higher mortality rates. The researchers modeled data from Japan, Spain, and Italy to demonstrate this point.
A study of US hospitals found that children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience longer hospital stays and incur higher healthcare expenses due to the complexity of their medical needs. Further investigation is needed to understand the healthcare needs of this population.
Researchers reconstruct Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) with annual resolution using titanium levels in lake sediment cores. The record indicates the warmest interval occurred within the past decade.
A new study has created a comprehensive map of how immune cells learn to fight infections and preserve memories of these encounters. The findings, published in Nature Immunology, could help scientists develop new vaccines and therapies for various diseases by targeting specific immune cells.
Research on 200 million-year-old mammal teeth reveals they functioned like reptiles, living up to 14 years. Fossilized cementum rings were used to determine lifespan, contradicting previous warm-blooded mammal assumptions.
Researchers created model simulations of the 1257 CE Mount Samalas eruption using tree-ring records and emissions data. The study found that as little as 1% of halogen released from the eruption reached the stratosphere, suggesting potential for substantial ozone depletion despite small amounts.
Scientists at Penn Medicine have engineered bacteria-killing molecules from toxic proteins found in wasp venom, which could help combat antibiotic-resistant infections. The new antimicrobial molecules work by disrupting bacterial membranes and summoning immune cells, showing promise as potential treatments for sepsis and tuberculosis.
A new study by Stanford University's Natural Capital Project emphasizes the importance of considering diverse human needs when conserving ecosystems. The researchers argue that a one-size-fits-all approach can exacerbate existing social and racial inequalities, and instead recommend inclusive policies that prioritize equity.
The discovery of the COM1 gene reveals its role in controlling cell growth and influencing the properties of cell walls to form spikelets. This finding provides new insights into grass inflorescence architecture and may aid in increasing barley's yield potential.
Researchers from the Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, have demonstrated a new cooling solution for nanostructured devices using surface waves. Surface phonon-polaritons (SPhPs) enhance thermal conductivity in thin membranes, improving heat transport beyond conventional acoustic phonon limitations.
Researchers assessed the impact of international border policy on migration flows and climate change exposure from 2015 to 2100. They found that most migrants move to areas experiencing less severe climate change impacts when allowed to migrate.
The report highlights the need for improved disease and pest management systems to address the vulnerability of lower-middle and low-income countries to pandemic-scale outbreaks. Agricultural producers face significant challenges, including reduced labor availability, supply chain disruptions, and under-funded research programs.
Researchers at Columbia University discovered a rare form of magnetism in a three-layer graphene structure, showcasing exotic electronic states and controllable magnetic behavior. The twist angle enables the manipulation of spin-free magnetism, opening new possibilities for quantum computation and energy-efficient data storage.
Researchers propose that volatile outgassing led to the flattening shape of Arrokoth, a small Kuiper Belt object. The study suggests sublimation mass loss could be a ubiquitous process shaping KBOs' structures.
Researchers analyzed health records of nearly 3 million US adults before and after the 2016 presidential election, finding higher acute CVD hospitalization rates following the election. The study suggests that sociopolitical stress may be a contributing factor to increased risk of acute cardiovascular disease.
A new software tool called HangFix can detect and fix hang bugs in production cloud systems, resolving issues in seconds. Researchers tested the tool against 42 real-world bugs and found it successfully fixed 40 of them instantly.
A new study has found that both mothers and fathers with mental health problems are more likely to have a baby born prematurely. Men with persistent mental health issues were more likely to have a preterm birth, while women with anxiety and depression during pregnancy also increased the risk.
Researchers have discovered a new method to repair defective fetal membranes using small bioengineered molecules, which could help prevent preterm birth. The study found that these molecules can self-assemble to form a plug that seals holes within the fetal membranes.