A new bio-based catalyst, copper stearate, has been shown to efficiently inhibit gas hydrate formation and facilitate in-situ oil combustion. The compound's high performance in low-temperature conditions makes it a promising solution for the petroleum industry.
Colorado State University has received a $3.1 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to continue developing the SolaVAX coronavirus vaccine candidate. The funding will support pre-clinical research and human clinical trials to test the safety and immune response of the vaccine.
Researchers have discovered evidence of the ancient disease yaws in skeletal remains from Vietnam, dating back 4000 years. The study suggests that yaws was introduced to hunter-gatherers by agricultural populations moving south from modern-day China.
Researchers at Oregon State University have found that vitamin E is crucial for the normal development of the brain and nervous system in embryos. The study used zebrafish as a model organism and found that those with a deficiency in vitamin E had malformed brains and nervous systems, leading to embryo death.
A new study on chimpanzees shows that a plant-based diet and substantial opportunities for exercise can reduce cardiovascular disease risk to human levels. Free-ranging chimpanzees in sanctuaries exhibit lower body weight and lipid levels, indicative of better health.
Researchers detected nitrous acid levels two to four times higher than expected in wildfire plumes globally, driving increased ozone pollution and air quality harm. The chemical accelerates the formation of lung-damaging ozone pollution downwind of fires, with significant variations depending on ecosystem type.
Researchers have identified 11 critical cyber vulnerabilities in SweynTooth technology, which affects at least 32 medical devices in Singapore. The Greyhound framework was designed to systematically sniff out security lapses in Bluetooth-enabled devices, with 90% of affected device manufacturers implementing preventive measures.
A new study found that homicides near schools decrease math test scores by 5% and attendance by 1%, with a similar effect to reducing teacher quality. Boys are more affected by violence than girls, leading to lower aspirations and attitudes towards education.
Researchers at Clemson University have identified two genetic variations associated with small body size and lance canine, a dental anomaly common in Shetland Sheepdogs. The study found that dogs with these variations are on average one inch shorter and six pounds lighter than unaffected breeds.
Researchers found that only 70.8% of children received any follow-up treatment for mental illness within the first three months, varying widely by ZIP code. Many children were prescribed strong drugs with little evidence of effectiveness, despite generally recommended therapy as a first line of treatment.
Researchers at Kiel University found that neglected magnetic interactions play a key role in stabilizing skyrmions, increasing their lifetime and opening up new material systems. The discovery could enhance the stability of skyrmions, enabling their use in future electronic devices and data storage concepts.
A new brief survey called the Brief Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (BREESI) can help identify individuals with chemical intolerance by answering just three yes-or-no questions. The BREESI was developed to address the growing concern of chemical intolerance, which affects 8-33% of individuals, and its impact on health.
Researchers developed a new software tool called WhatsHap polyphase to phase plant genomes in high resolution and with low error margins. The tool solves the problem using a two-phase process and is now available for polyploid organisms, including plants.
A semi-automatic phone triage system designed to help people with chest discomfort during out-of-hours periods has been found to be unsafe and unreliable. The system underestimated the severity of more than a quarter of patients with serious heart conditions, highlighting the need for input from nurses to ensure accurate assessment.
Researchers measure CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and find no decrease despite estimated reductions of up to eight percent in 2020. Long-term changes are needed to reach Paris Climate Agreement goals, requiring cumulative reductions every year.
Researchers found that glucocorticoid therapy, even at low doses (5mg/day or less), significantly increases the risk of serious infections in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The study used claims data from over 200,000 patients with RA to show a 30% increase in infection risk among those on low-dose glucocorticoids.
Astrophysicists identify distinctive signatures of stellar-mass black holes in archival X-ray data, separating them from neutron stars. This is the strongest steady signature of stellar-mass black holes to date.
The team will investigate the molecular linkages between aging and Parkinson's, exploring whether decreasing senescence can slow or stop the disease. Genetic predisposition and age are critical factors in defining a person's risk for Parkinson's.
A US study found that middle-aged individuals without a bachelor's degree reported more pain than elderly individuals, unlike in other wealthy countries where pain rises with age. The finding suggests that pain prevalence will continue to increase for less-educated adults in the US, with significant implications for healthcare.
A new study published in Cancer found that Black women experience longer waits for treatment initiation and prolonged duration of treatment after a breast cancer diagnosis. The research, which analyzed data from over 2,800 participants, identified financial and transportation issues as key contributors to these delays.
Wilfred weakened into a trough in the Central Atlantic Ocean, with maximum sustained winds near 35 mph and forecasters expect winds to continue decreasing. The system's interaction with an upper-level trough led to linear thunderstorm development.
A new study suggests that concentrating tree planting efforts on understocked forest land, particularly in western states and the Northeast, can substantially increase carbon sequestration capacity. This targeted approach could enhance ecosystem services and offset a significant portion of the country's carbon dioxide emissions.
A new study confirms the existence of residual, non-functioning beta cells in living individuals with longstanding type 1 diabetes. Researchers used a non-invasive imaging technique to detect these cells, which may be restored if adequate treatments are available.
Researchers using SwRI instruments aboard the ESA's Rosetta spacecraft discovered a unique aurora at Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, revealing the comet's interaction with solar particles. The detection was made possible by integrating multi-instrument data, providing new insights into cometary auroras.
A novel measurement framework has been developed to track energy poverty more accurately, focusing on the services people lack rather than just physical connections. This alternative framework can aid in better tracking of Sustainable Development Goal 7 by virtue of its simplicity and sensitivity to diverse service conditions among the...
A study at ESMO 2020 found that adding abemaciclib to hormonal therapy reduces the risk of cancer recurrence by 25% in patients with high-risk early hormone receptor positive breast cancer. This new treatment approach improves invasive disease free survival and may spare chemotherapy in this group of patients.
A major trial shows olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, is more effective than modern hormone treatments in slowing down prostate cancer growth and spread. Patients with genetic alterations in DNA repair genes who received olaparib had a median overall survival of 19.1 months.
The PROfound trial demonstrates the efficacy of PARP inhibitor olaparib in treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with at least one alteration in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Olaparib significantly improves overall survival, particularly in patients with alterations in these genes.
A phase 1 clinical trial of sotorasib (AMG 510) demonstrated anti-cancer activity in patients with heavily pretreated advanced solid tumors. Patients with non-small cell lung cancer had a 32% response rate and median progression-free survival of 6.3 months.
Research found that increased exercise capacity lowers all-cause mortality risk in T2D patients, with moderate exercise reducing risk by 25% and high-intensity exercise by 32%. The study used data from Taiwan's National Health Interview Survey and National Health Insurance research database.
A study of 200,000 UK Biobank blood samples found over 2,000 undiagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes, with patients waiting on average 2.3 years for a clinical diagnosis. Population-level screening using HbA1c testing could identify cases earlier and reduce complications.
Researchers investigate marine heatwaves and their effects on regional ocean circulation, marine life, and fisheries. They found that extreme warming events can extend to 300 meters below the surface in certain areas, impacting ecosystems and economies.
A new study found that rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a 23% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The research suggests that systemic inflammation may contribute to the development of diabetes in individuals with RA, highlighting the need for more intensive screening and management of diabetes risk factors.
Research shows spousal concordance is strongest for behavioral risk factors like diet and physical activity, while pathophysiological factors show weaker concordance. Couples with similar dietary habits and high-intensity exercise tend to have lower type 2 diabetes risk.
In a Phase I clinical trial, sotorasib achieved a confirmed response rate of 32.2% and disease control rate of 88.1% in patients with KRAS G12C-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, with durable clinical benefits and manageable toxicities
Researchers from the University of Queensland have discovered two pain-blocking peptides in the Venezuelan Pinkfoot Goliath tarantula's venom, showing great potential as treatments for chronic intestinal pain. The peptides inhibit the most important ion channels underlying pain and nearly stopped chronic visceral pain in a model of IBS.
A study found that people with type 2 diabetes who go to bed early and wake up early have a significantly more active lifestyle than those who prefer late bedtimes. This research highlights the importance of sleep chronotypes in managing diabetes and suggests that adjusting bedtime can lead to improved physical activity levels.
A recent study published in Diabetologia reveals that people with type 1 diabetes have a 33% higher risk of falls compared to the general population, while those with type 2 diabetes face a 19% increased risk. The research also identifies various risk factors for falls and fractures in individuals with diabetes.
A new study on over 540 baboons in Amboseli National Park in Kenya reveals that male baboons who have close female friends are more likely to survive than those without them. Males with strong social connections, particularly with females, live longer lives.
A large randomized trial found that post-operative radiotherapy (PORT) does not significantly improve disease-free survival in completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The study included 501 patients and showed no significant difference in overall survival between the PORT group and the control group.
A study published in BMJ Open found large discrepancies in payments made by drug companies and UK patient organisations. Patient organisations claimed £33 million, while drug companies disclosed £54 million - a shortfall of over £21 million.
A new study found that humans exhibit slower epigenetic aging than chimpanzees, with certain DNA sites gaining or losing chemical tags in a clock-like pattern. The researchers analyzed over 850,000 DNA sites in blood samples from 83 chimpanzees aged 1 to 59 and found that aging leaves its mark on the chimpanzee genome, similar to humans.
Research reveals cannabinoids reduce astrocyte glucose metabolism, impairing neuronal function and social interaction behaviors. The study identifies CB1 receptors as key players in this process.
The CheckMate -9ER trial found that combining nivolumab and cabozantinib improved progression-free survival by doubling it compared to sunitinib, with a higher response rate and superior quality of life for patients. The combination treatment demonstrated meaningful efficacy benefits and manageable toxicity.
A study published in Soil Biology and Biochemistry found that high soil moisture content can lead to increased carbon dioxide emissions due to accelerated mineralization processes. Protecting meadowlands from bogging may help reduce CO2 emissions and slow down global warming.
A UC study found that patients with cancer who contract COVID-19 have a higher risk of death if treated with certain anti-cancer therapies at specific times. The study analyzed data from over 3,000 patients and found that those treated one to three months prior to diagnosis had the highest mortality rates.
A phase 3 trial found that combining nivolumab and cabozantinib was superior to sunitinib for progression-free survival, overall survival, and response rate in patients with metastatic kidney cancer. The treatment reduced the risk of progression or death by almost 50%.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University and Harvard Medical School found that controlling the nuclear localization of PD-L1 can enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer treatment. They discovered that removal of a specific modification allows PD-L1 to enter the nucleus and regulate the immune response.
A new forecasting method, developed with public input, shows increased accuracy in predicting coronal mass ejections and their impact on Earth. The Solar Stormwatch project demonstrated the value of wide-field CME imaging cameras on future space weather monitoring missions.
A study published in Science Advances found that removing a single gene from the poxvirus genome renders it harmless, triggering a potent immune response. The researchers used the ectromelia virus and discovered that disabling this gene made the infection detectable to the immune system.
Research highlights the benefits of returning to work after spinal cord injury, including improved quality of life, reduced depression, and better health outcomes. Effective approaches include individualized placement support and vocational resource facilitation.
Large volcanic eruptions improve monsoon predictability by synchronizing with El Niño events, making it easier to anticipate seasonal rainfall in India. This finding helps develop climate models and assess regional implications of geo-engineering experiments.
Researchers have discovered securely dated human footprints in Saudi Arabia, dating back 120,000 years, which provide valuable insights into the Arabian Peninsula's role in human prehistory. The findings suggest that humans and large mammals used the region's landscape in response to dry conditions and diminishing water supplies.
Astronomers used the VLBA to measure the distance to magnetar XTE J1810-197, one of the closest known at about 8100 light-years. This precise measurement can help determine if magnetars generate Fast Radio Bursts, a long-mysterious phenomenon.
Researchers from SUTD developed a method to perform direct ink writing 3D printing of milk-based products at room temperature, maintaining nutrients. The team changed the rheological properties of the printing ink and demonstrated DIW 3D printing using cold-extrusion with powdered milk.
Researchers found that actively using two languages enhances cognitive reserve and delays the onset of symptoms associated with cognitive decline and dementia. The study suggests that bilingualism is an important predictor of delay in the onset of mild cognitive impairment, a preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease.
The University of Montana has received a five-year, $33.4 million award from the National Institutes of Health to develop and conduct clinical trials for opioid vaccines. The UM vaccine research team will advance lead opioid vaccine candidates to Phase I human clinical trials with funding from the NIH HEAL Initiative.
The Human Brain Project is launching a new webinar series called 'Brain Matters', featuring hour-long sessions on different areas of brain research. Expert speakers will share their knowledge on the HBP's scientific achievements and the state-of-the-art infrastructure for brain research, EBRAINS.
Researchers identified a second path to defeating chronic myelogenous leukemia by disrupting the Gdpd3 gene, which regulates quiescence of CML stem cells. This approach reduces leukemia relapse rates even when BCR-ABL1 oncogene is not disrupted.
Researchers from Eindhoven University of Technology and University Paris-Saclay found a five-phase equilibrium in mixtures, breaking the Gibbs phase rule. The discovery provides useful insights for industries working with complex mixtures.