A team of researchers has discovered a group of bacteria that may help fungi and plants acquire soil nutrients. The bacteria form unique communities on the hyphae surfaces of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which could enhance phosphate acquisition and improve crop yields.
Researchers found that telephone poles attract flight-dispersing spotted lanternflies, which are visually drawn to turn and land on the poles. The pole serves as a visual magnet, attracting a large proportion of the insects.
Researchers discovered that transfer RNAs (tRNAs) play a crucial role in controlling the activation of the stringent response pathway. The MurM enzyme, involved in cell wall synthesis, acts as a quality control manager to ensure accurate translation and prevent toxic tRNA buildup.
Researchers have found that a chemical inhibitor called K777 can reduce the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect cells. Clinical trials are underway for its potential use in treating COVID-19, particularly in patients with severe cases.
A recent study from Georgia Institute of Technology found that the type of material and number of fabric layers used in homemade masks significantly affect Covid-19 exposure risk. The best-performing materials for masks were blackout drapery and sterilization wrap, which provide an overall filtration efficiency of about 50% for submicr...
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that over 60% of US adults who vape are interested in quitting, with former cigarette smokers having the highest intentions. Despite e-cigarettes being seen as a potential tool for smoking cessation, many users struggle to quit, and current treatments may not be effective for all users.
Researchers have identified a pair of microRNAs that help maintain breast cancer stem cells and drive tumor growth. Targeting these microRNAs may improve the prognosis of patients with aggressive forms of breast cancer by making cancer stem cells more susceptible to chemotherapy.
A new study found that Middle Eastern and North African individuals in Michigan are more likely to experience chronic illness, mental health issues, and poor overall health due to various barriers. The survey also highlighted the prevalence of food insecurity, transportation issues, and financial strain as major risk factors for poor h...
Researchers at Niigata University have identified a protein biomarker, APM2, that can indicate the permissible level of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. The study found a significant relationship between high APM2 expression and cisplatin resistance in liver and gastric cancer cells.
Researchers identify three COVID-19 phenotypes with different comorbidities, complications, and clinical outcomes. Phenotype II showed the worst clinical outcomes, while Phenotype III had the best outcomes despite higher respiratory comorbidity rates.
A study by University of California, Davis researchers found that prioritizing vaccination for vulnerable populations like seniors and essential workers can reduce deaths, infections, and years of life lost by 17-44%. The optimal strategy depends on the outbreak conditions, including vaccine supply and transmission rates.
Researchers at Shinshu University developed an affordable portable sensor using lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to detect fluoride levels in drinking water. The device is compatible with local populations and can be produced locally, aiming to improve access to safe water and sanitation for all
Researchers analyzed national survey data to compare HMO enrollment rates among children with commercial and public coverage by race and ethnicity. The study reveals racial and ethnic differences in HMO enrollment rates, highlighting disparities in healthcare access for vulnerable populations.
A study in red-haired mice reveals that a variant of the melanocortin 1 receptor affects pain sensitivity. The researchers found that lower levels of certain hormones lead to more opioid signals, elevating the pain threshold.
A team of scientists developed a deep learning model that improves air quality estimates by combining satellite and ground-based observations. The model achieved higher spatial and temporal resolution, enabling more accurate predictions of nitrogen dioxide levels in the Los Angeles area.
Researchers developed a personalized tumor cell vaccine strategy targeting Myc oncogenes combined with checkpoint therapy, creating an effective immune response. In the mouse neuroblastoma model, the vaccine showed a 75% cure rate and long-term survival.
A study analyzing UK Biobank data found that deprivation is the primary driver of Covid-19 disparities among minority ethnic groups. Reducing material deprivation could play a pivotal role in decreasing these disparities and improving health outcomes.
A RAND Corporation study reveals that personal accounts from former white supremacists and Islamic extremists highlight the role of negative life events, propaganda, and social factors in radicalization. Strategies such as mental health care, diverse cultural groups, and media literacy education may aid in deradicalization.
Researchers at Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a method to deposit high-dispersed Fe species into ZSM-5 micropores, resulting in high selectivity of cyclohexanone (92%-97%) and improved catalyst activity. The Fe content can be precisely controlled by varying ALD cycles.
A study analyzing COVID-19-related deaths and all other causes in the US found that pandemic-excess mortality significantly surpassed pre-pandemic levels, resulting in a total of over 3.7 million excess deaths from February 2020 to December 2022.
A new study found that couples tend to decrease their walking speed when together, especially when holding hands. This decrease in speed can negate some of the health benefits associated with walking alone at a faster pace. On the other hand, older adults who are more active tend to maintain their gait speed.
A new University of Utah Health study reveals that healthcare workers with caregiving responsibilities are most likely to contemplate leaving or reducing hours due to the pandemic's impact on their personal lives. The findings suggest that retaining highly trained doctors and nurses could be a significant challenge for healthcare systems.
Research reveals significant decrease in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) hospital admissions, as well as ruptured aneurysm coiling volume, during the pandemic's peak. Hospitals with higher COVID-19 burden showed decreases in SAH admissions, indicating access to care was not a primary factor.
Researchers found that tumors with a softer matrix are more resistant to treatment, activating signaling pathways that promote cell survival. Targeting this pathway could enhance the effectiveness of chemo- and radiotherapy.
Researchers detected anatoxin-a, a deadly cyanotoxin, in air and water near a Massachusetts pond with algal blooms. The toxin can cause respiratory paralysis, muscular twitching, and loss of coordination at high concentrations.
Assistant Professor Xin Zhang received a $500,000 NSF CAREER Award to investigate how to align stakeholder interests with nitrogen reduction goals. The research aims to improve decision-making and develop innovative solutions for sustainable nitrogen management.
Researchers have developed a kirigami technique to fabricate complex 3D nanostructures with unprecedented ease. By strategically introducing cuts to a uniform structural film, the team can create sophisticated three-dimensional structures that can change shape in response to environmental changes.
Researchers found that consumer resistance stems from the disruption of social practices, such as shopping, rather than individual behaviors. To overcome resistance, policy makers should focus on changing these practices, not just individual actions. The study provides a framework for designing practice-based sustainability interventions.
A team of scientists at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has identified nine potential COVID-19 treatments, including three FDA-approved drugs. The study found that these drugs, such as cyclosporine, work by inhibiting the replication of the virus in respiratory cells and suppressing inflammation.
Researchers pinpointed cysteine leukotriene receptor 2 (CysLT2R) as a new target for treating chronic itch. The study found that activating this receptor induces itching in mouse models of atopic dermatitis, highlighting its potential role in contributing to the condition.
Researchers at Buck Institute discover non-invasive biomarker test to measure and track performance of senolytic drugs, which target multiple age-related diseases. The biomarker detects a unique lipid metabolite released when senescent cells die.
An international consortium has proposed the first general selection criteria for lung transplantation in COVID-19 patients. The criteria include exhaustion of conservative treatment options, irreversible lung damage, and good physical condition.
A study published in Spine found that patients with cannabis use disorder undergoing spinal surgery experienced higher complication rates, including stroke, respiratory issues, and prolonged hospital stays. Chronic cannabis users were also more likely to require rehabilitation facilities upon discharge.
A UTA civil engineering professor is leading a $2.8 million project to analyze the condition and remaining service life of over 3,500 lane miles through TxDOT. The team will use AI, finite element modeling, and advanced spectroscopy tools to predict pavement lifespan.
Researchers found that students who were satisfied with their meals wasted less food. Diners who visited the dining commons frequently and were familiar with the menu options also tended to waste less food. The study's results suggest that posting signs encouraging healthier choices could help reduce food waste.
A comprehensive review of early research on TV time and attention problems in children found no direct link, contrary to previous claims. The study's authors suggest that parents should not feel guilty for allowing their young children to watch TV.
The Masonic Medical Research Institute has received a $750,000 Department of Defense Lupus Impact Award to investigate the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 in systemic lupus erythematosus. The research aims to improve treatment options and quality of life for patients with this devastating autoimmune disease.
A recent study found that combat experience is associated with a higher risk of alcohol use to cope with PTSD symptoms, but this link weakens when adjusting for PTSD severity. The study also reveals that trauma-exposed men without combat experience are more likely than those with combat experience to report an alcohol use disorder.
A survey study examined the effects of COVID-19 on healthcare employees' careers, productivity, childcare needs, and likelihood of leaving the workforce. The study found that many employees experienced burnout, reduced productivity, and increased childcare responsibilities.
Zheng and Qin et al. developed novel host-guest organic phosphorescence systems using commercially available compounds, achieving high phosphorescence efficiency and longest lifetime. The new systems utilize Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) for improved performance.
Researchers explored how molecular changes in Alzheimer's patients relate to brain function, developed a new model for predicting life expectancy of older adults with multiple chronic diseases, and examined older firearm owners' perspectives on retiring their guns.
Researchers successfully synthesize armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) on Cu(111) via lateral fusion of poly(para-phenylene). Oxygen introduction reduces temperature required for reaction, opening up new avenues for surface chemistry. This breakthrough could benefit various dehydrogenation reactions in on-surface synthesis.
The study provides direct visualization of SEI shell evolution during Li deposition/stripping, revealing anode degradation mechanisms. The work reveals the importance of in-situ characterization for understanding SEI properties and improving battery performance.
Researchers discovered four species of 'serpent coral' with distinct ecological differences, including varying depths and physiological traits. This hidden diversity has implications for reef conservation, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to protect vulnerable ecosystems.
Researchers at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute have discovered a critical immune cell type called cDC1 that helps control cancer and infections. The study highlights the importance of DC-SCRIPT, a new regulatory protein, in producing effective dendritic cells.
The employment-to-population ratio for working-age people with disabilities increased to 29.6 percent in March, while for those without disabilities it remained unchanged at 71.5 percent. Labor force participation rates for both groups also showed minimal change.
A study has identified 13 rare gene variants associated with Alzheimer's disease, which are linked to the functioning of synapses and neuroplasticity. These discoveries could help guide the development of new therapies for this devastating neurological condition.
Researchers at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics developed a dual-bed catalyst that achieves highly efficient and selective conversion of syngas to gasoline-range liquid hydrocarbons. The catalyst showed excellent stability, with selectivities of C5-11 and C3-11 in the hydrocarbon products reaching 80.6% and 98.2%, respectively.
A novel mechanism has been identified that might explain why a rare mutation is associated with familial Alzheimer's disease. The presence of the S198P mutation resulted in elevated levels of A? peptides due to rapid folding of APP, leading to faster production and deposition of A? peptides.
Researchers identified specific neural circuits in the basal ganglia linked to motor and non-motor Parkinson's symptoms. The findings provide a novel framework for understanding disease progression and may lead to more precise therapeutic strategies.
Early life antibiotic exposure disrupts beneficial gut bacteria, leading to reduced regulatory T-cells and increased allergic responses. The study found that this disruption occurred as early as six months after birth, persisting into adulthood.
Researchers at the University of Bath used resonance in spiraling neutron stars to measure symmetry energy, a key property of nuclear matter. This discovery sheds light on the fundamental workings of nuclei and offers insights into the forces that bind sub-atomic particles.
Researchers assessed changes in article views of articles published in three leading medical journals since COVID-19 started, finding a significant decline in views. The study reveals that online engagement has been impacted by the pandemic, with many journals experiencing a drop in article views.
New research from Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh examines how changes in internal states like engagement affect learning. The study found that fluctuations in neural activity are influenced by shifts in internal states, suggesting a key role for engagement in learning.
Scientists at Hokkaido University developed a novel probiotic formulation to control severe diarrhea in calves, reducing mortality and economic loss. The probiotic supplement was tested on newborn calves and found to be effective in preventing bovine diarrhea caused by BRV and cryptosporidiosis.
Scientists develop a statistical randomness-based framework to optimally classify extremely large datasets. By analyzing the variance of sample sizes, they can identify the total number of attributes needed, providing a promising solution for high-performance computing and machine learning.
The study proposes a coupling model of the five spheres of the earth system with the oxygen cycle as the core. Key findings include the link role of the oxygen cycle in shaping our current habitable Earth and its effects on modern and geological time scales.
The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft will perform a final flyover of asteroid Bennu, capturing high-resolution images and collecting data from the asteroid's surface and science instruments. The mission aims to understand the extent of the disturbance caused by the sample collection event.
Researchers reconstructed chemical weathering history in the western Himalaya using sediment records since 17 million years ago. In California, a study analyzed late Pleistocene rock uplift and faulting rates along the boundary between the southern Coast Ranges and western Transverse Ranges.
Researchers used local citizen photos and data to reconstruct the first documented meteotsunami in the Great Lakes, caused by an atmospheric inertia-gravity wave. Existing NOAA models may enable scientists to predict these meteotsunamis minutes to hours in advance.