A new study found that elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer can achieve similar outcomes as younger patients when receiving recommended multimodal therapy. The therapy regimen includes initial chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection.
The University of Texas at El Paso received a $1 million National Nuclear Security Administration grant to train underrepresented students in the energy industry. Through this program, UTEP students will gain skills and training to compete for jobs in nuclear energy, with opportunities for internships and research projects.
Researchers discovered ancient Amazonian farmers built wooden palisades and earthworks to enclose valuable soils in Bolivia. This fortification demonstrates the importance of protecting investments in fertile land during social unrest.
A longitudinal study by Florida Atlantic University found that children with mean friends experience increased relationship negativity, while those with nice friends report declining negativity. Prosocial behaviors can mitigate hurt feelings and promote conflict resolution.
Scientists have developed a light-activated protein that can study single synapses in neurons, revolutionizing the understanding of long-term potentiation. The discovery reveals the physical changes in dendritic spines during long-term potentiation, providing valuable insights into learning and memory.
New Yorkers' acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine has significantly increased under the Biden Administration, with 64% reporting they would take it in January, up from 55% in September. Disparities persist across racial and ethnic groups, but the largest increase was seen among Black respondents. The survey also found that employed indiv...
Research finds cheap herbal cigarettes and bidis are widely available online, often with unverified health claims, and may act as a gateway to conventional tobacco products. The study calls for urgent regulation of their sale and marketing.
Two scientists urge health agencies to invest in vaccine development based on broadly neutralizing antibodies against multiple virus variants and strains. This approach could provide immunity against emerging pandemics and serve as a pan-virus solution for prevention and treatment.
COVID-19 technology responses face challenges of personal safety, privacy, and control. Experts like Katina Michael emphasize the importance of sociotechnical systems that engage users in their design. Implementing these systems correctly requires coordination, listening, and public involvement.
A new study by archaeologists at the Florida Museum of Natural History found that a handheld color-matching gadget often misread colors readily distinguished by the human eye. The device, known as the X-Rite Capsure, failed to produce correct color scores in 37.5% of cases when tested against a book of color chips.
Researchers developed an intervention based on illeism, referring to oneself in the third person, to improve wisdom-centric approach to conflict resolution. The 'distanced-self-reflection' diary method showed effectiveness in changing people's wise reasoning about personally challenging interactions.
A study by Princeton University researchers found that relaxed control measures during the summer months are the biggest factor driving wintertime COVID-19 outbreaks. Climate and population immunity play smaller roles in the current pandemic phase.
A study led by Anglia Ruskin University found that farmers in the Brazilian Amazon can develop strong connections with nature, regardless of their knowledge of local bird species. The research involved 227 farmers and showed a complex relationship between ecological knowledge and nature connection.
Researchers at Umeå University have quantified carbon emissions from rivers and lakes in Western Siberia, finding that emission rates are high and exceed carbon export to the Arctic Ocean. The study highlights the importance of inland waters in the global carbon cycle and climate system.
A new study found that nanomaterials can bind strongly to microorganisms, entering the food chain and accumulating in organs like the brain. The use of nanomaterials is challenging to regulate because of their small size, making it difficult to assess their possible risk.
A new drug, ProAgio, has been shown to be effective in treating pancreatic cancer and prolonging survival in mice. It works by inducing apoptosis in cancer-associated fibroblasts, reducing the dense stroma that protects tumors from immune systems and conventional drugs.
A new study has detected high levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses (SC2r-CoVs) in bats and pangolins in Southeast Asia. The discovery suggests that more SC2r-CoVs may be present in the region, with potential implications for future pandemics.
Researchers found six FDA-approved drugs that can inhibit protein-cutting enzymes essential for SARS-CoV-2 replication. The study's findings have the potential to develop a broad spectrum of antiviral drugs and prevent future pathogenic SARS-CoV strains.
A new study reveals that the behavior of p53, a key tumor-suppressor protein, over time determines whether tissues can survive radiation exposure. In vulnerable tissues, p53 levels remain high, leading to cell death, while in more radioresistant tissues, p53 levels oscillate, allowing cells to survive.
Scientists at Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science (SCTMS) developed methods to simplify crystal structures, enabling the understanding of material properties. By analyzing simplified structures, researchers can identify patterns and hidden information in original complex structures.
A new research program, led by health coaches at primary care clinics, has shown that lifestyle interventions can significantly improve heart disease risk factors. Participants experienced lower blood sugar levels, increased good cholesterol, and improved overall cardiometabolic risk scores.
A new study by the City University of Hong Kong found that desexing cats before 4 months old can significantly reduce the number of unwanted kittens. The research analyzed data from over 52,000 cats and found that only 21.5% of female cats were desexed at four months or younger.
The EINST4INE project aims to develop new methods, skills, and concepts to guide businesses through digital transformation. The initiative will recruit 15 early-stage researchers to tackle real-world challenges faced by industry.
A new study by Concordia researchers found a significant decrease in air pollution levels across major Canadian cities during the pandemic. Emission levels dropped dramatically, with a 69% reduction in Toronto and a 75% reduction in Montreal compared to pre-pandemic levels.
A new Northwestern University study found 2.9% of US adults have a current peanut allergy, with approximately one in five experiencing severe reactions each year. The study also revealed that patients who developed their peanut allergy after age 18 are less likely to report having an epinephrine auto-injector prescription.
The updated guidelines provide holistic approach to care, emphasizing quality of life and health beyond traditional medical issues. Key areas covered include bowel function, mental health, mobility, and sexual health, aiming to improve patients' lives across the lifespan.
The study shows that the BAF complex plays a crucial role in controlling DNA accessibility and that its inhibition leads to rapid changes in chromatin structure. This has significant implications for understanding cancer development and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
New study reveals that breast cancer mortality rates have stopped decreasing among women aged 20-39, with distant-stage cancers on the rise. Researchers attribute this change to increased incidence of late-stage breast cancers, highlighting the importance of mammography screening for early detection.
Researchers from McGill University found that people who report greater personal well-being are easier for others to perceive on a first date. This suggests that individuals with higher self-esteem and life satisfaction may be more authentic in their interactions, making them more accessible to accurate interpretation.
A new study on submarine permafrost suggests that frozen land beneath rising sea levels traps significant amounts of methane and organic carbon, with potential impacts on climate. Researchers estimate that submarine permafrost could release up to 500 billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere over hundreds of years.
The use of nanocarrier drug delivery systems can improve the bioavailability, stability and aqueous solubility of natural drugs. Four plant materials from China, including Epimedium, Rehmannia glutinosa, Panax ginseng and Angelica sinensis, are discussed in this review article.
The Path2Integrity project aims to promote learning settings and materials for honesty, reliability, respect, and accountability in research. It features messages from science leaders on the importance of research integrity principles, with resources available in multiple languages.
Research published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood suggests a link between fetal exposure to antibiotics in mid-to-late pregnancy and an increased risk of childhood asthma. The study found that children born vaginally were more likely to develop asthma, with higher odds for more serious cases.
Researchers developed a template-free technique to fabricate flexible cilia mimicking biological functions, with applications in transporting substances into cells or directing fluids. The cilia's motion can be controlled by a magnet, and their length can be varied from 10 to 100 microns.
Researchers at NYU are developing new methods and tools to address public sector policy impacts, including assessing and correcting biases in city housing inspections, policing, and courts. The project aims to create open-source tools for eliminating implicit biases and enhancing human decision-making.
Research evaluated 21 clear-sky detection methods, finding they produce lower accuracy rates when detecting cloudy skies. Higher aerosol loading significantly reduces clear-sky detection accuracy, highlighting the need for improved methods in polluted regions.
Researchers at UIC aim to develop an antibody-based eye drop to treat dry eye and ocular surface disease caused by inflammatory and immune system disorders. The new treatment, which uses pooled human immune globulins, is expected to be particularly helpful for patients with immune-related dry eyes.
A study by the University of York found that animal owners in the UK reported increased appreciation for their pets during the pandemic, with many perceiving them as a reliable source of emotional and physical support. However, concerns about caring for animals, accessing veterinary care, and financial uncertainty were also expressed.
A large international study is testing the effectiveness of ivermectin, metformin, and fluvoxamine on preventing COVID-19 disease progression. The trial aims to identify promising therapies for reducing COVID-19 severity in patients with mild to moderate disease.
Researchers at JAIST and RIKEN identify COOH-PLL as an effective cryoprotectant that prevents cellular damage during freezing. The team uses NMR spectroscopy to characterize the molecule's behavior, enabling the design of new polymeric cryoprotectants.
A commentary by Johns Hopkins experts highlights the need for standardized data collection and analysis to inform policy decisions and strategies. They propose creating a consensus task force to define metrics and refine them over time, enabling public health leaders and healthcare organizations to identify effective solutions.
A Universitat Oberta de Catalunya study analyzes 71 Billboard year-end charts from 1946 to 2016 to explore changes in conceptions of love. Metaphors represent over 70% of figurative language used to express feelings of romantic love in popular music.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that whole egg consumption was positively associated with increased all-cause mortality, while egg whites or substitutes were negatively associated. Replacing half a whole egg with egg whites/substitutes reduced cardiovascular disease mortality by 3%.
Animals exhibit various social distancing behaviors to avoid disease transmission, including olfactory cues and avoidance of diseased individuals. This phenomenon provides insights into human responses to pandemics, emphasizing the importance of diagnostic testing for disease reduction.
Researchers at Osaka University have fabricated Li-ion battery electrodes using Si swarf/graphite sheet composites, achieving high performance, reduced cost, and environmental friendliness. The Si/GS composite structure improves cyclability up to 901 cycles, making it a promising alternative for electric vehicles.
Researchers found that dragonflies frequently perform upside-down backflips to regain their balance. They also observed a similar response in unconscious dragonsflies, suggesting a component of passive stability.
Researchers found that walnut extracts may create protective proteins and anti-inflammatory actions in the gut to safeguard against H. pylori infection and resulting cancer. The study suggests a promising non-bacterial approach to reduce symptoms of H. pylori infection, warranting further clinical trial investigation.
Researchers create epidemiological blueprint to decipher SARS-CoV-2 transmission, identify new variants, and understand reproductive rates. The blueprint enables better response to emerging threats, including potential 'spillback' from animals to humans.
A new theory of causality in quantum theory proposes cyclic causal loops, challenging classical intuitions. The study offers a novel understanding of exotic processes with indefinite causal order, which can be explained through unitary transformations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed weaknesses in US public health governance systems and scientific institutions. The article argues that these shortcomings hindered an effective global response, emphasizing the need for improvement.
The study uses THz wave absorption to probe the temporal evolution of quasifree electrons in laser-induced plasma, showing a unique two-step decay characteristic. The researchers also find that as electron density increases, traps related to bound states saturate, leaving many electrons unsolvated.
Research suggests that high-income mothers tend to produce higher levels of testosterone, leading to a more masculinized fetus, while low-income mothers produce lower levels of testosterone, resulting in a more feminized fetus. This phenomenon has been linked to increased disease risk, including cardiovascular disease and mortality.
A new study published in The Lancet Planetary Health highlights the benefits to health if countries adopt climate plans consistent with the Paris Agreement. Adopting such policies could save up to 6.4 million lives due to better diet, cleaner air, and increased exercise per year across nine countries.
A RUDN University ecologist proposes a two-step approach to minimize greenhouse gas emissions from animal farms by evaluating carbon footprints and analyzing measures to reduce emissions. The method aims to balance soil carbon sequestration with atmospheric CO2 reduction, with potential reductions of up to 5 megatons of CO2 equivalent ...
Researchers examined testing alignment to epidemic intensity in Massachusetts, highlighting disparities in resource allocation. The study found that testing was concentrated in high-income areas, exacerbating health inequities.
Scientists conducted an experiment to study the capability of the visual system to automatically categorize objects. They found that the brain reacts differently to standard and deviant stimuli, indicating automatic sensory discrimination. The study contradicts the assumption that the visual system only categorizes by simple features.
A new study reveals that European Starlings in North America underwent rapid local adaptation, adjusting to temperature and rainfall variations through subtle genetic changes. The species' massive population size enabled the spread of beneficial gene variants across generations.
Researchers have identified a novel phage called ES17 that can specifically locate and destroy bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. The phage's ability to bind to mucins and heparan sulfate enables it to target bacteria in high-mucin environments, potentially preventing infections.
Researchers are exploring biomaterials-based nanoparticles to strengthen vaccines against viruses. Emerging bioengineering technologies can create antiviral surfaces that disinfect themselves, reducing the spread of diseases.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) has updated its practice points on the use of remdesivir in treating hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The new guidelines aim to target patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment, recommending a duration of treatment based on symptom duration and disease severity. According to the upda...