A new study published in Nature Food investigated how to ensure the food supply chain functions under environmental disruptions, highlighting key areas for future research. The researchers identified the need to understand the shape of a supply chain, evaluate simultaneous shocks, and quantify substitutions within supply chains.
Researchers found that asteroid Ryugu's water content is lower than expected, suggesting its parent body dried out before formation. The study suggests that a heating event altered the parent asteroid, leaving Ryugu drier.
The Integrator protein complex plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression by terminating non-productive transcription. This mechanism ensures the production of wasteful transcripts is limited while maintaining thousands of transcription start sites for potential functional genes.
Researchers found that cancer cells promote blood clot formation to enter the brain tissue. Inhibiting clotting factors thrombin and von Willebrand factor reduced brain metastases in mice. The study suggests targeting this process with drugs for preventing brain metastases in high-risk patients.
A global research consortium is proposed to collect and share digital speech and language data to detect early signs of Alzheimer's. The consortium aims to create a comprehensive, harmonized repository of samples from diverse cohorts to develop biomarkers that can monitor disease progression.
A team of researchers found that diverse biologically and culturally rich regions exhibit even greater diversity than expected. The study, published in Scientific Reports, suggests a link between complexity and diversity across different domains.
A study found that a retracted clinical trial report continues to be cited 11 years after its retraction, and citations actually increased after it was retracted. The number of articles retracted is tiny compared to publications, but retractions are often hard to find, and notices may not mention the reason for retraction.
Researchers tested seven AI screening algorithms against expert ophthalmologists and found that most perform poorly in real-world settings, highlighting the need for proper image quality and training data. Only one algorithm matched human screener performance.
The study reveals that N-terminal amphipathic motifs of certain Arf proteins determine their specific subcellular localization in a GTP-independent manner. This uncoupling of membrane association and activation may provide new insights for targeting proteins to specific intracellular locations.
A new NIH grant will support advanced statistical models for analyzing large-scale metabolomics data sources, aiming to better understand the links between metabolic action and chronic health conditions.
Researchers at Columbia University are developing a novel platform to enable factory workers to work remotely using a robot teleoperation system. The system will allow workers to specify high-level task goals without expert knowledge of the robot hardware and configuration, enabling greater job access for workers regardless of geograph...
A recent study found that nearly 40% of Facebook posts about the HPV vaccine amplified perceived health risks, leading to a false perception of the vaccine's safety. Monique Luisi, an expert in health communication, believes this phenomenon can inform the COVID-19 vaccine rollout and distribution.
A new study suggests that a bedside EEG test can aid in prognosis for unresponsive brain injury patients by measuring their response to speech. The strength of these responses is correlated with the patient's outcome and can help clinicians make effective treatment decisions.
Researchers found that decreased activation of gene LEF1 disrupts neuronal function and promotes hyperexcitability in brain cells, a hallmark of bipolar disorder. Increasing LEF1 expression may lead to new drug targets and biomarkers for lithium nonresponsiveness.
The article reviews the development of surgical microscopes, from their introduction in 1921 to the latest advancements. Advanced technologies such as augmented reality displays, hyperspectral imaging, and robotic visualization platforms are increasing the capabilities of surgical microscopes. These improvements enable better visualiza...
Researchers studied the impact of a marine heatwave-associated harmful algal bloom on Dungeness crab fishing communities. They found that 71% of vessels temporarily left the industry, but those who adapted by participating in other fisheries or moving to more favorable locations were better resilient.
Scientists have created 2D CaCl crystals that display unexpected metallicity and room-temperature ferromagnetism. These crystals exhibit piezoelectricity-like behavior and have potential applications in transistors and nanotransistor devices.
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) target disease-causing proteins, but can affect non-targeted proteins causing side effects. Researchers have developed a DNA/DNA double-stranded oligonucleotide that enhances ASO efficacy and stability in the body.
A new UCL study found that combining heat treatment with chemotherapy delivered via magnetic nanoparticles killed cancer cells more effectively than chemotherapy alone. The therapy showed synergistic effects, enhancing the effectiveness of both treatments when combined. Heat treatment can reduce side effects by targeting only cancer ce...
Australian researchers have discovered a new mechanism by which prostate cancer cells can adapt and evolve into more aggressive forms, making them resistant to treatment. The study highlights the importance of targeting microRNA-194 to slow down and inhibit the growth of prostate cancer models with neuroendocrine features.
A new study from Incheon National University reveals a fully transparent solar cell that can absorb UV light while transmitting most visible light. The cell's performance is encouraging, with a power conversion efficiency of 2.1% and high responsiveness in low light conditions.
New research from Johns Hopkins Medicine has uncovered that greater obesity seems to make muscle contraction much weaker in this very common form of heart failure. The study found that in patients with severe obesity, the force response to high calcium was reduced by 40%, suggesting that obesity is the key factor.
Experts have agreed on a new global definition of fermented foods, specifying the differences between them and probiotics. The definition covers thousands of different types of fermented foods from around the world and provides a starting point for further research into their effects on human health.
A new study reveals that periodontitis-causing bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis borrows growth molecules from harmless Veillonella parvula, enabling its replication and causing gum disease. The relationship is one-directional, with V. parvula receiving no obvious benefit from sharing its growth molecules.
Research suggests hotel companies that promote a woman over an equally qualified man are perceived as fairer and less discriminatory, leading to a stronger organizational culture and higher financial performance. The study found that women account for only 12% of all hotel leadership positions, despite making up the majority of the acc...
A Sandia Labs research team used machine learning to complete materials science calculations 42,000 times faster than normal, accelerating the creation of new technologies for optics, aerospace, and energy storage.
A new University of Colorado Boulder study found that exercising individuals emit up to five times more chemicals from their body than sedentary people, which combine with bleach cleaners to form unknown airborne chemicals. The team detected a specific reaction product, N-chloraldimines, in gym air, raising concerns about indoor air qu...
Researchers at the University of Surrey found that practicing gratitude and thinking about a positive future can improve social connectedness and overall wellbeing. The study suggests that focusing on the present moment and appreciating what is good in life can be more psychologically beneficial than dwelling on the past.
Scientists have developed a new method to observe polymer crystallization in real-time, allowing for direct measurement of the rate, extent, and location of crystal growth. This breakthrough enables manufacturers to test polymer materials for specific mechanical properties during crystallization.
Organic solar cells have improved efficiency by up to 18.3% with the use of diquat, a molecular dopant created through electrochemical reduction. This breakthrough increases optical absorption and charge lifetime, paving the way for more efficient energy conversion.
A study by North Carolina State University found that non-immigrant adolescents object less to bullying when the victim is an immigrant, but more strongly with increased contact and higher Theory of Mind scores. The researchers also discovered that positive interactions between groups can encourage kids to intervene in bullying.
Researchers developed a novel endoscopic technique, Linked Color Imaging (LCI), to improve detection of cancer in the upper digestive tract. LCI technology enhances contrast of mucosal changes by combining specific wavelengths of light, detecting neoplastic changes 1.67 times more frequently than conventional White Light Imaging.
Researchers developed a biology-based mathematical model that incorporates information about SARS-CoV-2 and various treatments. The model suggests optimal treatment for older patients and those with pre-existing conditions, including the use of clot-preventing drugs and immune response-modifying drugs.
The California Walnut Commission has partnered with the American Heart Association to fund early career scientists studying the health benefits of walnut consumption. The joint funding initiative aims to advance knowledge about the effects of walnuts on public health outcomes.
A systematic review of international COVID-19 literature found that young children under five years old generally develop mild disease and are often asymptomatic. The study also highlights the potential risk of transmission from infants to mothers, caregivers, and other family members.
A 10-year study found that individuals with high sensitivity to alcohol's pleasurable effects are more likely to develop an alcohol use disorder. Higher sensitivity, not tolerance, is linked to increased risk and addictive behavior.
A recent study identifies Canada's most critical areas for ecosystem services, including freshwater, carbon storage, and nature-based recreation. The research highlights the need to protect these areas from human activities that threaten their conservation.
Lehigh University researchers are transforming an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) into a synchrotron facility, expanding scientists' ability to characterize material composition and bonding status down to the single-atom level. The new system will have capabilities up to ~13,000 eV and enable the i...
Researchers have broken down the genomic and life history traits of three classes of RNA viruses, identifying natural products that could disrupt their spread. The study highlights potential treatment strategies, including the use of compounds produced by marine and terrestrial organisms with demonstrated antiviral activity.
The Hamilton Eye Institute at University of Tennessee Health Science Center has received a $300,000 RPB Challenge Grant to continue its vision research initiatives. The grant will support the expansion of research faculty, innovative pilot studies, and new equipment for the institute's research efforts.
A clinical trial evaluated the safety and effectiveness of two cell therapies for treating angiitis-induced critical limb ischemia, yielding satisfactory results. The study found that both therapies provided evidence for precise application under different conditions.
Researchers found that umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell infusions safely reduce the risk of death and quicken recovery time for severe COVID-19 patients. Patient survival at one month was 91% in the treatment group versus 42% in the control group.
The State University of New York has awarded grants to three Binghamton University teams to pursue research projects related to COVID-19. The projects focus on developing new antiviral surface sanitizers, a low-cost surgical mask with N95 filtration efficiency, and a rapid sensor to monitor SARS-CoV-2 on high-contact surfaces.
Researchers from Osaka City University have successfully recycled a type of plastic found in everyday items into liquid fuels and wax using a novel catalyst process. The process, which requires temperatures as low as 473 degrees Kelvin, produces a 92% yield of useful materials.
Researchers found that Arabidopsis seedlings adapted by increasing cell division and reducing cell elongation on ammonium, but reversed this balance on nitrate. The key hormone auxin regulated the balance between cell proliferation and cell expansion.
Researchers discovered that some English bulldogs diagnosed with a common cancer may actually have polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, a non-cancerous syndrome. This condition can save dogs from being misdiagnosed or euthanized unnecessarily.
Astronomers have estimated the universe's age to be nearly 14 billion years old using data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the European Space Agency's Planck satellite. The findings match the predictions of the standard model of the universe, resolving a discrepancy that had sparked debate in the astrophysics community.
The decline of freshwater mussels in Japan has heightened hybridization between native and introduced bitterling fish species, threatening the native population. The loss of host mussels increases competition for breeding substrates, leading to a cascade of extinctions.
A new study finds that soil moisture exerts a negative feedback on surface water availability in drylands, offsetting some of the expected decline. This means that as soil moisture decreases, it can reduce evapotranspiration and enhance surface warming, leading to more frequent droughts and floods.
Researchers have developed a new method using tetra-unsaturated alkenone (C37:4) molecules to reconstruct sea ice abundance and distribution from the ancient past. This discovery could aid in understanding human-induced climate change by providing a reliable proxy for sea ice concentration through time.
Scientists have created a new material, a higher-order topological insulator, which confines electrons to one dimension, enabling the creation of ultra-high-speed and low-power devices. This innovation has significant implications for spintronics, a field that may replace traditional electronic systems in the future.
Experts discuss microbial-based solutions to combat COVID-19, including vaccine candidates and production platforms. The webinar explores learnings from vaccine development, innovative approaches to address systemic inflammation.
Researchers at the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown discovered a direct link between prolactin and the male refractory period is unlikely. They found that artificially increasing or blocking prolactin levels had no effect on the animals' sexual behavior, contradicting the long-held theory.
A new satellite-based program, GLAD, has shown promise in reducing deforestation in African nations by 18% and offering carbon sequestration benefits worth hundreds of millions of dollars. The system delivers alerts to subscribers via the interactive web application, Global Forest Watch, enabling them to take action to save forests.
A new study by RAND Corporation found that significant psychological distress among Americans surged during the pandemic's early months, comparable to the entire previous year. People with pre-pandemic distress were more likely to experience it again, highlighting the need for targeted services to vulnerable populations.
A new data-driven global climate model projects significant urban heat stress and reduced relative humidity in cities by the end of this century. The study's findings emphasize the need for local urban climate projections to support city planners' adaptation strategies, such as green infrastructure interventions.
Scientists discovered a way to create supersolids using ultracold quantum gases, a state that exhibits both crystalline order and particle flow. The researchers found that by draining the superfluid bath, the droplets lose communication and behave like independent systems, but can be revived by replenishing the bath.
A study by Uppsala University found that parents of children diagnosed with cancer are differently financially affected. In contrast to previous research, which showed that mothers were more affected than fathers, this study reveals that fathers experience negative long-term effects on their income and employment.
The development of programmable metasurfaces at Princeton University has the potential to significantly increase data transmission rates in wireless systems. The technology uses terahertz waves to focus transmissions in specific directions, overcoming challenges such as obstacles and distance limitations. This breakthrough could enable...
A recent study found that pregnancy causes the immune system to become sensitized to transplanted organs, particularly those from the father of the child, while becoming tolerant to the fetus. This paradoxical effect increases the risk of transplant rejection.