Researchers have identified wild relatives of chickpea as a natural source of resistance to Ascochyta blight, a devastating disease that can cause up to 100% yield loss. These wild plants, including Cicer reticulatum and Cicer echinospermum, have been found to be resistant to the disease.
A new study led by Yale University suggests that home testing for SARS-CoV-2 could significantly reduce total infections and mortality at a reasonable cost. By providing households with rapid antigen tests to identify potential contagion, individuals can self-isolate before spreading the disease.
Researchers found that cotton fabrics become better filters when exposed to humid conditions, increasing filtration efficiency by an average of 33%. Synthetic fabrics performed poorly relative to cotton and did not improve with humidity.
A new study by Christoph Binder's research group identifies IgM antibodies as a key player in preventing thrombosis. Natural IgM antibodies bind to microvesicles, preventing coagulation and thrombosis, providing a novel approach to reduce the risk of this major cause of death.
Researchers at VIMS are creating an AI-powered fishing app using angler photos to train software to identify fish species. The app aims to provide anglers a field guide and scientists with a collaborative tool for better management of recreational species, while contributing to sustainable fisheries management.
A global collaboration of over 15,000 surgeons found that delaying surgery for at least seven weeks after a COVID-19 diagnosis significantly reduces mortality risk. Patients operated within two weeks of diagnosis have higher postoperative death rates.
Researchers from The George Washington University reclassified the banana spider genus Phoneutria, revealing two previously thought-to-be-similar species: P. boliviensis and P. depilata. Genetic analysis revealed significant differences between the two forms, which differ in their geographic distribution and morphological characteristics.
Researchers have developed a superamphiphilic vitrimer epoxy resin membrane that can separate water and oil, making it an effective solution for cleaning up oil spills. The membrane is fully recyclable and can be depolymerized and reused after being clogged by pollutants.
Scientists at Nagoya University have found that an electric accelerator for auroras exists much higher in space than previously thought, beyond 30,000 kilometres above the Earth's surface. This finding offers insight into Earth and other planets as well, shedding light on the process of aurora formation.
A new study found that prisoners with mental illness were significantly more likely to be placed in extended solitary confinement. The study, which examined data from over 155,000 men, found that having a mental illness increased the likelihood of being placed in solitary by up to 170%.
Researchers identified rare cell types in esophagus, stomach and small intestine using scRNA-seq. They found a cell type responsible for water secretion in humans, linking it to cystic fibrosis.
A new laboratory study has identified five herbal medicines with potent activity against Babesia duncani, a malaria-like parasite causing babesiosis. The herbal medicines included Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Artemisia annua, Scutellaria baicalensis, Alchornea cordifolia, and Polygonum cuspidatum.
The study found that top-performing primary care clinics in Minnesota used patient data to intensify treatment and monitor outcomes, leading to a significant increase in optimal diabetes care measures. The analysis suggests that this approach may be essential for improving diabetes care outcomes.
A new predictive model helps identify individuals at risk of severe COVID-19 by analyzing data from the COVID-19 Symptom Tracker app used by 3 million people in the UK. The study found that factors such as immunosuppressant medication, mobility aid use, and shortness of breath increase the risk for severe disease.
A new study found that myelin loss is a major factor in age-related brain deterioration, leading to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. The researchers identified a key gene responsible for the reduced efficiency of cells that produce myelin with age.
Researchers identified somatic gene mutations in brain cells of people with schizophrenia that disrupted synaptic function and affected proteins critical for neural signaling. The study found that these rare mutations could contribute to the disease's neuropathology, particularly in genes associated with glutamate receptor function.
Researchers used metaproteomics to study the bacterial response to algal blooms in the North Sea. They found that bacteria initially focus on easy-to-degrade substrates and later shift to harder polymers composed of mannose and xylose.
A year-long clinical trial by University of Washington School of Medicine found hydroxychloroquine ineffective against COVID-19 progression to pneumonia or hospitalization. Researchers were able to efficiently enroll participants remotely and obtain vital signs through self-submitted data.
A RAND Corporation report found that COVID-19 testing in schools is complex but doable, requiring partnerships with local public health departments and strong technical assistance. Schools used strategies to encourage participation, including pilot periods and incentives like paid sick leave, to overcome barriers such as privacy concerns.
A new study published in eLife found that deforestation in Southeast Asia can lead to an initial increase in malaria infections before declining over time. The researchers suggest that wider deforestation can drive human behavior changes, increasing exposure to mosquitoes and risk of infection.
Researchers at Hebrew University have developed human-on-a-chip technology that allows for real-time monitoring of drug treatments in humans. The technology has the potential to significantly reduce testing and production time for drugs, saving time, money, and unnecessary suffering.
A rare oviraptorid dinosaur fossil was found in southern China, showing the animal sitting on a nest of at least 24 eggs with well-developed embryos. The fossil provides significant insights into the reproductive biology of non-avian theropod dinosaurs.
A comprehensive review of lung cancer screening trials reveals both benefits and harms, leading to updated USPSTF recommendations. Screening can lower lung cancer deaths in high-risk individuals, but also leads to false positives and unnecessary procedures.
KAUST researchers review the prospects for IPMs to separate gases and liquids without traditional high-temperature methods, offering energy efficiency and environmental benefits. The team identified promising compounds like cyclodextrin, cucurbiturils, and pillararenes with impressive performance in industrial gas and liquid separations.
Researchers at Skoltech have proposed a photonic device using liquid crystals in optical resonators to study their optical properties. The device can simulate electronic devices using photons, potentially increasing processing speed and reducing energy consumption.
UC researchers found that cooperation between HER2 and MED1 genes promotes breast tumor growth, spread, and treatment resistance. Targeting MED1 alone or in combination with current therapies may be an effective treatment strategy for nearly 90% of breast cancer patients.
The FDA has qualified the DIBSS-C, a patient-reported outcome measure, to assess symptom-based efficacy endpoints in IBS-C clinical trials. This qualification reflects FDA's commitment to patient-focused drug development and is a major milestone for the IBS Working Group.
Researchers at MU found cognitive biases can create and worsen foodborne disease outbreaks, with motivated blindness and omission bias contributing to the Jensen Farms outbreak. The study emphasizes the importance of considering unconscious motivations in outbreak prevention policies.
Researchers discovered that spraying leaves with high concentrations of ascorbic acid increases protein production three-fold in plants. This simple method can produce valuable pharmaceutical proteins at a lower cost and with increased efficiency.
A new study by NYU Abu Dhabi researchers found that individuals with higher sensitivity to visual cues experience more severe motion sickness symptoms in virtual reality. The study suggests personalized device settings and reduced sensory cues can mitigate motion sickness, making VR technology more accessible.
A University of Illinois study reveals that milk oligosaccharides in canine and feline milk can boost beneficial microbes and establish a healthy gut microbial community. The research found that adding these prebiotics to pet diets improves palatability and has no adverse effects on health.
Researchers developed a microwave-assisted magnetic recording technology that exploits the flux control effect to improve hard disk performance. The FC device operates effectively at high write rates, exceeding conventional write head performance and showing promise for extending areal density.
The first herbivorous dinosaurs in East Greenland arrived 214 million years ago, coinciding with a drastic drop in atmospheric CO2 levels. This climate shift made it difficult for them to disperse from their original habitat, resulting in a 15-million-year journey.
The study detected human proteins matching cervico-vaginal fluid, as well as non-human proteins like honey and plants, which were documented in medieval medical treatises. The findings suggest the girdle was worn during pregnancy and childbirth to provide physical and spiritual support.
Scientists at the University of Chicago have developed a gel material that strengthens when exposed to vibration, increasing its strength by 66 times. The material selectively strengthens itself in specific areas where it is stressed to a higher degree.
A study conducted in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa among 162 people living with HIV found that home delivery of antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly increased viral suppression compared to clinic care. The paid home delivery model improved health outcomes, particularly for men who struggle with clinic-based services.
A 90-day dapivirine ring has passed its first test in a Phase I study, showing promising results for long-acting HIV prevention in cisgender women. The ring achieved higher dapivirine concentrations in blood plasma and vaginal fluid compared to the monthly dapivirine ring, suggesting potential for sustained protection.
Researchers found that shishito peppers with fewer seeds exhibit a range of spiciness, from weak to strong. The genes involved in capsaicinoid synthesis showed a positive correlation with pungent intensity. By suppressing these gene expressions, breeders may develop varieties with consistent flavor and reduced spicy fluctuations.
Long-range wildfire smoke is associated with increased hospitalizations for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular health outcomes. Local wildfires were found to be protective of residents' health due to evacuation efforts and media coverage.
A team of researchers, including UC Riverside biomedical scientists, identified the South African COVID-19 variant, which has been detected in at least 40 countries. The variant has mutations that make it resistant to antibodies generated by existing vaccines, potentially reducing vaccine efficacy.
Researchers have developed a microscopy technique that combines ultrafast electron manipulation with sub-nanometer photon detection. This allows for the investigation of quantum systems, sensing, and control, opening new doors for nanoscale science and technology.
A new Penn Medicine research reveals that a single head injury can lead to dementia later in life, with the risk further increasing with more head injuries. Women and white participants are at higher risk of dementia after head injury compared to men and black participants.
A new study has mapped the full evolutionary journey of the bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, a common cause of antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitals. The research shows that antibiotic resistant strains developed earlier than previously thought, influenced by agricultural and early medical practices.
A study by the University of South Australia found that women with gestational diabetes are ten times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. However, only a third of these women understand they are at high risk due to lack of education and lifestyle changes.
Researchers analyzed traffic volume and motor vehicle crash injuries before, during, and after COVID-19-related state-of-emergency orders. The study found a significant decrease in accidents and injuries following the implementation of social distancing policies.
Researchers found that bird parents who get help with childcare live an average of one to two years longer than those who do not. This is because helpers reduce the burden of care on parents, allowing them to reproduce again and again. The study highlights the importance of hard-working helpers in ensuring the longevity of bird parents.
A 30-year study in Tanzania found that warmer climates slow the population growth rates of tropical birds, particularly those with smaller bodies and lower elevation ranges. Climate effects on insect abundance, predator activity, or fruit timing may also negatively impact bird populations.
A $400,000 NSF grant will support a five-year project investigating the role of formal and informal social relationships among officers in shaping police behaviors. The findings aim to reduce police misconduct by informing policy initiatives and educational training programs.
A six-week training program improved emotional resilience in veterans by increasing confidence in regulating emotions and reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Brain function changes also occurred, with reduced crosstalk between brain regions involved in emotional processing.
The BrainHealth Project trial unveiled a novel online platform delivering science-backed approach to measuring, improving, and tracking brain fitness. Participants showed significant improvements in their BrainHealth Index scores, with positive changes observed across various domains of brain health.
A team from UB developed a super-resolution optical chip-sized microscope based on 200 nm nanoLEDs. The new microscope allows real-time observation of viruses and cellular processes without current techniques' problems.
A partnership between Clemson University and Nephron Pharmaceuticals Corporation has led to the development of a flexible, open-source benchtop robot that can fill, cap, and seal sterile syringes, increasing productivity and quality control in pharmaceutical manufacturing. This innovation aims to address drug shortages, which have sign...
A study led by Nationwide Children's Hospital found substantial declines in motor vehicle crashes, injuries, and fatalities in Ohio during the COVID-19 pandemic. The largest drop was seen after the state stay-at-home order, with 55% fewer crash involvements and 47% fewer injuries.
Researchers at UTA are investigating smart protective helmets that can sense head and brain injuries, allowing for rapid medical treatment. The project aims to improve the well-being of soldiers in combat by detecting brain trauma and preventing further damage.
Research by Orygen found that young 'night owls' have significantly higher negative psychotic symptoms. The study suggests a link between sleep disturbance, chronotype, and psychotic symptoms, highlighting the importance of early identification and intervention.
A new study examines the application of a risk assessment tool in child welfare decision-making and finds drastically different approaches between two states. The 'Goldilocks problem' highlights the challenges of standardizing a complex process, where too much rigidity can lead to inaccurate outcomes.
The UK's colour-blind vaccination model is putting ethnic minorities at a higher risk of COVID-19 illness and death due to the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on these groups. Targeted vaccination of high-risk groups, including essential workers, is crucial to control further outbreaks and end the pandemic.
Research by Queen Mary University of London found that people with pre-existing unhealthy heart structures and poorer functioning hearts are more likely to test positive for COVID-19. The study, which used the UK Biobank database, suggests that these relationships may be linked to a higher risk of subsequent COVID-19.
A comprehensive mutation map of the amyloid beta peptide has been developed to predict whether specific mutations increase an individual's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The study found that certain mutations accelerate protein aggregation, leading to the formation of toxic plaques in the brain.
A pragmatic mixed-methods randomized controlled trial found no effect on quantitative measures of self-management and self-efficacy after a four-month intervention. However, patients reported significant improvements in self-management and self-efficacy through qualitative interviews.