Researchers have developed a new inhibitor that targets the multi-drug resistant protein 4 (MRP4), blocking its transport of cancer-promoting messengers and allowing chemotherapy to work again. This could improve treatment options for persistent cancers.
Stephanie Law, associate professor of materials science and engineering, received the Young Investigator Award for advances in growing novel optical materials, including heavily doped semiconductors and topological insulators. The award recognizes her work on improving material quality for infrared and terahertz optics and plasmonics.
Astronomers have found the most distant cosmic jet, providing insights into how galaxies evolved and supermassive black holes grew when the universe was only 780 million years old. The quasar, with a massive black hole 300 million times more massive than the Sun, has a jet of fast-moving particles about 1,000 years old.
Researchers found a significant association between estrogen receptor α PvuII polymorphisms and dementia in a Brazilian cohort. The study suggests that this polymorphism may contribute to the development of dementia, particularly in elderly populations.
A new study has uncovered a pivotal moment in the evolution of seed-bearing plants, revealing they outcompeted other fern groups 300 million years ago. The fossils found in China have provided crucial evidence that Noeggerathiales, an ancient plant lineage, were more closely related to seed plants than previously thought.
Researchers at University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre have identified biomarkers associated with the severity of COVID-19. The study found specific immune alterations linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progression, which could help stratify patients by risk and identify new therapeutic targets.
A study found that a plant's evolutionary history predicts its susceptibility to powdery mildew disease. Researchers tested 126 sunflower species and found no association with common traits like biomass or trichome density.
New research finds machine learning improves click-through rates by 66.8% over simpler targeting models, with behavioral data offering more accurate targeting in mobile ads. Ad networks may have economic incentives to limit granular behavioral targeting, potentially leading to self-regulation and consumer privacy protection.
The AFAR-Sagol Network GerOmic Awards support aging research using AI, Big Data, and Systems Research, focusing on heterochromatin domains in exceptional longevity. Researchers Simone Sidoli and Oscar Vivas are receiving awards to investigate chromatin regulations and the autonomic nervous system's function with age.
A five-day course of high-dose amoxicillin is an effective treatment for children six months to 10 years old with common pneumonia. The study found that 85.7% of those who received the short course were cured two to three weeks later.
A recent study by USC and Princeton researchers reveals that adult life expectancy has declined for Americans without a college degree. The study, which analyzed mortality records from 1990 to 2018, found that the gap in life expectancy between those with and without a college degree widened, but narrowed based on race.
Researchers have identified a novel method using immune cells in cerebrospinal fluid to predict response to immunotherapy for patients with brain metastases. The analysis reveals similarities between immune cells in cerebrospinal fluid and those in brain metastasis, providing valuable insights into tumor microenvironment characterization.
Researchers found that conventional diagnostic methods for liver fibrosis do not accurately track the disease in patients who underwent Fontan surgery. The study revealed a unique regional development of fibrosis, which was not observed with hepatitis C and B, highlighting the need for new biomarkers and imaging techniques.
A study found that night shifts disrupt natural rhythms in cancer-related genes, making workers more vulnerable to DNA damage. This can lead to increased cancer risk, and researchers hope to develop prevention strategies and treatment options to address this issue.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered a neural basis for how odors elicit powerful memories, with the olfactory areas connecting directly to the hippocampus. The study suggests that the sense of smell retains direct access to the hippocampus, unlike other senses like vision and hearing.
A new estimate of the local expansion rate, using a relatively new technique for measuring cosmic distances, finds that the universe is expanding at 73.3 km/sec/Mpc, in the middle of three other good estimates. This discrepancy between estimates raises concerns about understanding the physics and evolution of the universe.
A recent study has revised the timing of Neanderthal disappearance from Northwest Europe using compound-specific radiocarbon analysis, yielding ages up to 10,000 years older than previously reported. The new dates estimate a departure around 44,200-40,600 years ago, contradicting previous findings.
Researchers found a significant association between COVID-19 and hospital admissions for noncommunicable diseases, including abnormal tissue growths, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases, in São Paulo, Brazil.
Frailty is characterized by three or more of five key clinical signs and symptoms, including weakness, slow walking speed, and fatigue. Researchers developed a system for diagnosing frailty and found that it's a distinct state caused by disharmony among physiological and biological systems.
The basement membrane surrounding tumors may control their growth and spread by becoming stiffer as it expands. Researchers used a simple technique to isolate the membrane and measure its elasticity, finding it to be nonlinearly elastic, unlike balloons made of linearly elastic materials.
Researchers at Paderborn and Bielefeld University investigate the social practice of explanation in AI systems, aiming to improve transparency and interpretability. They develop a conceptual framework for designing explainable AI systems that involve human interaction and dialogue.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Colorado found that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana, persists in breast milk for up to six weeks. The study supports recommendations to abstain from marijuana use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a new imaging technology that can identify good and bad emitters among populations of carbon nanodots. The study found that approximately 20% of carbon nanodots are perfect emitters, while about 80% have a very short light emission state before expelling heat.
Researchers defined parameters for white blood cell counts in children's urine to diagnose and treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) more effectively. The new guidelines could help speed treatment, prevent complications, and reduce the risk of lifelong consequences like kidney scarring and hypertension.
A study led by McMaster University found that consuming oily fish regularly reduces the risk of cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes by about a sixth in high-risk individuals. The critical ingredient is omega-3 fatty acids, which provide significant protection against cardiovascular disease.
Scientists have discovered two species of sea slugs that can regenerate their entire body, including the heart, after shedding their head. The slugs' unique ability to photosynthesize using chloroplasts from algae may help them survive long enough for regeneration.
A recent study by biophysicists at the University of Cologne shows that bacteria can easily integrate genetic material from other bacterial strains, producing hybrid organisms with extensive genomic and functional changes. This horizontal gene transfer enables rapid evolution and can drive evolutionary processes efficiently.
Researchers call for more inclusive analysis of public health interventions, considering broader impacts on education, criminal justice, housing, consumption, and the environment. Existing evidence shows poorer socio-economic individuals and those with underlying health conditions are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19.
A survey of over 8,000 nursing home and assisted living staff in Indiana found that 45% would take a vaccine as soon as it was available, while an additional 24% said they would take it at some point in the future. Concerns about side effects, health risks, and effectiveness were common reasons for not wanting to receive the vaccine.
A new study found that global clinical trials enrolled less than half the proportion of Black patients as U.S. trials, highlighting a trend that may exacerbate racial disparities in cancer research and care. The study suggests that globalization of cancer clinical trials may be a key driver of these disparities.
A study analysis suggests bremelanotide has very limited effectiveness as a treatment for HSDD in women. Trial participants preferred taking a placebo over the drug, with higher dropout rates and adverse event-induced discontinuation. The findings also highlight issues with the validity of HSDD as a diagnosis.
A new study reveals that taking time out from an online campaign can help restore energy and morale of exhausted activists. By adopting sensory retreat tactics, campaigners can recover their emotional energy and maintain momentum in the face of trolling and abuse.
A new study by Colorado State University researchers provides the most detailed accounting of the cannabis industry's greenhouse gas emissions. The study found that US indoor cannabis cultivation results in life-cycle emissions of between 2,283 and 5,184kg CO2 per kg dried flower.
Research by Oregon State University reveals that the 21-inch diameter rule in eastern Oregon's national forests hampers restoration efforts, preventing stands from reaching historical densities and basal areas. The study suggests that removing larger shade-tolerant trees can improve old growth tree survival.
A study led by Universitat Oberta de Catalunya finds that lockdowns reduce cognitive capacity, leading to poorer choices and decreased altruism. The shock from restrictions impairs decision-making, causing people to prioritize short-term benefits over long-term consequences.
Researchers develop a novel membrane that efficiently purifies hydrogen fuel from a mixture of gases, offering a low-cost and environment-friendly solution. The membrane, made of polycarbosilane, exhibits high hydrophobicity and selective hydrogen permeation, paving the way for widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel in energy needs.
Mohamed Abou Donia, a Princeton University professor, has made significant contributions to understanding the role of the microbiome in host health and disease outcomes. His work involves mapping microbiome-encoded genes involved in drug metabolism, revealing the potential for harnessing these molecules to treat human diseases.
A study found that warming in the Indian Ocean led to extreme monsoon rainfall and Yangtze River flooding in 2020. The researchers used a global atmospheric model and observed data to predict the excessive rainfall, which was mainly caused by temperature anomalies in the Indian Ocean.
Higher obesity rates in Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) can be attributed to systemic racism, according to a new perspective article. The authors offer a 10-point strategy to study and solve the public health issues responsible for this disparity.
The project aims to understand the impact of peer recovery coaches on outcomes for individuals in medication-assisted recovery (MAR) housing. It will compare residents with and without peer recovery coaches to those in non-MAR housing, evaluating how culture, services, and camaraderie affect their recovery.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers reveals that stricter environmental laws in one country can lead to increased pollution in other countries with lax regulations. This phenomenon, known as 'carbon leakage,' highlights the need for global cooperation on environmental policies.
A research group led by Dr. Qingyang Hu discovered a hydrous mineral that enters an exotic superionic phase, similar to water ice in giant planets. The team found that this superionic state may lead to a significant increase in electrical conductivity, potentially changing our understanding of Earth's mantle convection.
Researchers directly observed the evolution of coherence energy scale in a strongly correlated material, clarifying the principle behind it. The study used ARPES and first-principle calculation to verify the kink behavior of electronic band structure, linked to Hund's coupling and coherence energy scale.
Researchers have discovered that extracts from the invasive weed Andropogon virginicus show promise in treating type 2 diabetes and blood cancer by inhibiting cell damage and killing cancer cells. The team plans to further test the compounds and develop functional pharmaceuticals.
A new type of CAR T-cell therapy more than triples the expected length of remission for multiple myeloma patients who have relapsed several times. Nearly three-quarters of the patients had at least a partial response to the therapy, with about a third achieving complete remission.
A new teamwork model developed by researchers at Rice University aims to improve patient health care outcomes. The model emphasizes psychological safety, trust, adaptability, and resilience, and provides tips for implementing team development interventions to advance team effectiveness.
Researchers at University of British Columbia discovered a simple polymer additive can cut agricultural pollution in half by improving fertilizer stickiness. The study found that combining fertilizers with a miniscule amount of polyethylene oxide nearly eliminated environmental loss, reducing percentage from 30 to just five.
A new study from the University of Chicago found that nursing homes with larger proportions of non-White residents experience higher rates of COVID-19 deaths due to size and local community spread, not underlying health or quality of care. The study suggests that large facilities are more vulnerable to outbreaks.
US and UK digital COVID-19 symptom checkers failed to identify severe COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, and sepsis, often advising patients to stay home. The study suggests that these symptom checkers may delay treatment for serious illness and confer an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.
A new research project, funded by £1 million from the Medical Research Council, is investigating whether selective P2X7 receptor blocker drugs can treat patients with secondary brain damage. The study's goal is to reduce the impact of traumatic brain injury on patients and improve their clinical outcomes.
Researchers developed a sensor to quantify hydrogen peroxide concentrations near cell membranes, providing insights into cellular processes and potential therapeutic strategies. The biosensor uses surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to detect changes in molecular signatures.
Researchers successfully demonstrated electroluminescence from a silicon-germanium device, marking a key step towards the development of a silicon-based laser. The achievement could have significant implications for the large-scale use of terahertz radiation in fields such as medical imaging and wireless communication.
Scientists have pinpointed a critical mechanism allowing deadly bacteria to resist antibiotics, and discovered a potential new target for effective treatment. The study identified quinolone antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including the production of pentapeptide repeat proteins, and revealed how they inhibit bacterial enzymes.
Researchers at Yale-NUS College identified five components of resilience that correlate with lower rates of burnout and psychological distress among college students. These components include approach coping, self-belief, effort and purpose, interpersonal resources, and spirituality, which can be learned and honed over time.
The NIST instrument uses laser light to measure acceleration with higher precision and does not require periodic calibrations. It has the potential to improve inertial navigation in critical systems like military aircraft and satellites.
A coordinated conservation strategy removed invasive rodents from Hawadax Island, leading to the return of native species and a restoration of the island's ecosystem. The study found that removing the rats allowed the seabirds to replenish the seashore invertebrate population, driving down kelp abundance.
Scientists from China create a Turing structure on inorganic materials, exhibiting efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalytic activity. The study showcases the potential for designing cheaper catalysts with higher performance.
Women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) have a greater risk of premature mortality, including cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related deaths. A new study found that GHTN and preeclampsia were associated with a 42% increase in premature mortality, while women with HDP had an over two-fold higher risk of premature...
Decision theory enhances treatment choices by considering multiple possibilities in contradictory diagnostic findings, as shown in a study of 3753 breast cancer patients. The approach outperformed conventional statistics, providing more accurate results and improving patient outcomes.
Research from the University of Minnesota finds that atmospheric drying significantly reduces crop productivity even under well-watered conditions. Plants respond by growing smaller and more resistant to drought, but this also leads to decreased productivity in photosynthesis and seed production.