Researchers assessed tumor cell isolation and in vitro proliferation assays to predict chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer. In 12 of 14 cases, in vitro drug sensitivity correlated with clinical outcome.
A large national study found significant racial disparities in heart attack patient care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England. Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) patients were more likely to be admitted to hospital and die early compared to white patients.
Researchers have discovered that squids can not only change the color of their skin but also its brightness, achieved through the action of 'osmotic motors' driven by reflectin proteins. This complex mechanism allows for a wide range of iridescent colors and brightness levels.
A recent study by Japanese and Australian scientists reveals that the Antarctic Peninsula is warming up due to changes in wind patterns caused by heating in the Tasman Sea. This warming trend has significant implications for sea levels worldwide.
Parkinson's UK is investing £1.2 million in a project to refine a molecule that could be developed into a drug to protect dopamine-producing brain cells and slow down the progression of Parkinson's. The project aims to develop a treatment that can halt Parkinson's by boosting the function of brain cells' energy-producing mitochondria.
A new study highlights barriers for women and marginalized groups in supramolecular chemistry, including the need for mentoring opportunities and visibility. The study also found that women face obstacles during career breaks and parenting, while men do not.
A study by Nationwide Children's Hospital found that youth in the child welfare system who died by suicide were more likely to have experienced out-of-home placements, mental health conditions, and visited healthcare settings. Integrating suicide prevention strategies into healthcare delivery is crucial for this vulnerable population.
Researchers at the University of Bern developed a new strategy to assess therapy response in prostate cancer patients. They created patient-derived organoids that retain relevant characteristics of the original tumors, allowing for targeted drug testing and potential treatment repurposing.
The MUCCnet sensor network in Munich quantifies carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide concentrations with unique spectral analysis. By removing local disturbances, the network provides robust and accurate emission balances.
A new study by Children's National Hospital explores the neural circuitry of premature birth and its impact on locomotor development. Researchers found that Purkinje cells play a central role in learning deficits caused by complications at birth.
Researchers at Utrecht University discovered that assistance dogs' paws are cleaner than their users' shoe soles, invalidating hygiene reasons for banning them from hospitals. A pilot study of 25 assistance dogs and their owners found no significant presence of fecal bacteria or diarrheal bacteria on the dogs' paws.
Researchers have developed a novel method for rapid and accurate glycan sequencing, reducing the time required from years to minutes. The technique utilizes a nanopore device and machine-learning software to identify sugar chains based on electrical signals generated as they pass through a tiny hole.
A new deep-learning algorithm, CARRL, is designed to help machines build a healthy skepticism of their measurements and inputs. By combining reinforcement-learning algorithms with deep neural networks, researchers created an approach that outperformed standard machine-learning techniques in scenarios with uncertain and adversarial inputs.
Lowering solar panel operating temperature by a few degrees can significantly increase electricity generation over lifetime, KAUST researchers show. They developed a metric to compare LCOE gains from reducing module temperature vs. improving efficiency, finding that cooling can achieve similar gains as PCE improvements.
A new recycling method for carbon fibre composites has been developed by researchers from the University of Sydney, maintaining 90% of their original strength. The process uses a two-phase approach, including pyrolysis and oxidation, to preserve the functionality of carbon fibres.
Experts argue that a 'regulatory ecosystem' is necessary for trustworthy AI, rather than relying on public education or increased transparency. Drs Knowles and Richards propose the use of AI documentation, such as IBM's AI Factsheets, to empower specialists in assessing trustworthiness.
A Korean research group has developed a new cell co-culture platform that enables the differentiation of stem cells into desired cell types without special pretreatment. The platform displays surface traits similar to those of the extracellular matrix, providing cells with an environment similar to that of the body.
Despite modest progress in some areas, maternal and child undernutrition remains a major global health concern. The Lancet series emphasizes the importance of delivering nutrition interventions within the first 1,000 days of life, but highlights that program delivery has lagged behind the science.
A study suggests that wearing a face mask during vigorous exercise has a small effect on breathing and heart rate, but does not pose a risk to health.
A University of Queensland and Nature Conservancy study reveals that women's voices are critically lacking in conservation, with gender discrimination being systemic and consistent. The research found positive impacts when women were involved in conservation, but existing gender roles and dynamics limit their participation.
Researchers at the University of Queensland have created a highly detailed genome model for critically endangered Macadamia jansenii, a plant species that is rare in the wild. The model has been used to study the genetics and diversity of the species, providing valuable insights into how rare plant species survive population decline.
Cancers resistant to radiotherapy may be rendered susceptible through immunotherapy treatment, according to a new study. The research found that profiling the immune landscape of cancers before therapy can identify patients who are likely to respond well or poorly to radiotherapy.
A study found that asymptomatic COVID-19 patients have similar T cell responses to symptomatic patients, but with higher IFN gamma and IL-2 levels. This suggests a key role for T cells in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection without triggering severe symptoms.
A new study advances a decisive test to investigate the origin of solar-mass black holes, which may be connected to dark matter. The research suggests that such black holes could have formed in the early Universe, contradicting conventional stellar evolution astrophysics.
Scientists created a mixture of silicone-coated and normal sand to study the behavior of wet granular materials. Adding a certain threshold of magic sand leads to an abrupt change in clustering and rigidity, allowing for the tuning of flow properties.
Researchers at Göttingen University have discovered that adult mice brains display increased experience-dependent spine removal, a hallmark of critical period-like plasticity. This study reveals structural changes in the visual cortex associated with silent synapses and sheds light on lifelong neural plasticity.
The DESIRE study found that efficacy was the strongest determinant of participants' stated modality choice, followed by delivery method and side effects. Participants preferred a douche used 30 minutes before sex with 95% efficacy, offering three to five days of protection.
Researchers developed a new methodology to estimate the source of weak ground vibrations in subduction zones, providing more accurate travel times and insights into fluid pressure and permeability at plate interfaces. This approach can aid in detecting slipping among plates and warning against larger earthquakes and tsunamis.
The study uses natural language processing to extract adverse effects from Spanish health records, highlighting a major health problem and improving clinical decision making. The system learns more effectively with larger corpora, contributing to closing the gap in clinical text mining across languages.
Adhesions form after inflammation or surgery and can lead to chronic pain, digestive problems, infertility, and life-threatening consequences. Researchers have discovered that macrophages play a key role in their development and have developed a new imaging system to visualize them.
Researchers found that increased anti-immigrant rhetoric during the 2016 presidential campaign led to a significant increase in healthcare services usage among undocumented patients. The study suggests that this association may be attributed to decreased trust and increased stress related to immigration policies.
The WE-TRANSFORM project investigates the effects of automation and digitalization on the transport workforce, generating a sector policy agenda based on artificial intelligence and collective intelligence. A collaborative platform will be created to produce knowledge that can be easily used and shared to support durable innovations.
Research finds variable compensation plans can induce performance pressure leading to stress, burnout, and sickness among salespeople. Companies can mitigate this by screening for stress-vulnerability and providing resources such as job-related support and social connections.
Research at the University of Leicester found that two-thirds of children use multiple screens simultaneously, leading to reduced physical activity, higher BMI, and less sleep. The study also identified a strong correlation between screen use and poor self-esteem.
A study found that less than one-third of COVID-19 clinical trials are led by women, a disparity compared to non-COVID-19 trials. The research suggests that gender biases and imbalances may expose systemic inequalities in women's access to research activities and funding.
Artificial intelligence has already shown promise in pathology, including image classification and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Future developments aim to further enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient outcomes through augmented intelligence. The authors emphasize the need for careful validation, performance monitoring, ...
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a new 'split-drive' system that harnesses the spread of cargo carried by gene drives, providing more control over their releases. The system uses a non-spreadable Cas9 component to separate genetic implementation processes, increasing safety and control.
A Kanazawa University researcher has developed a method to speed up non-rigid point set registration, a fundamental problem in computing with extensive applications in autonomous driving, medical imaging, and robotic manipulation. The proposed technique reduces computing time for large point sets, outperforming state-of-the-art approac...
A UTA civil engineering assistant professor is developing a multi-level dynamic model to measure the resilience level of transportation infrastructure networks in natural disasters. The project will create a decision-support tool and quantitative models to enhance the resilience of critical infrastructure before disasters occur.
Many children and adolescents hospitalized for COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome experienced neurologic involvement, mostly with transient symptoms. Life-threatening and fatal conditions occurred infrequently and long-term effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes are unknown.
A new study in fruit flies reveals the process of oocyte growth relies on physical phenomena analogous to gas exchange between balloons. Nurse cells surrounding the larger oocyte dump their contents into it, using a counterintuitive mechanism where air flows from smaller to larger balloons.
A recent study found that chimpanzees have been reconnected for extended periods during the most recent maximal expansion of African forests, contrary to previous assumptions. The team's comprehensive sampling and use of rapidly-evolving genetic markers revealed genetic connectivity mirrors geographic distance and local factors.
Thomas Schwartz is advancing his dissection of the Lebedev process, a multi-step chemical reaction used to make butadiene from biomass-derived ethanol. Understanding this process will help create new catalysts for increased butadiene yield.
A new rapid 3D printing method developed by University at Buffalo engineers has the potential to create life-sized human tissue and organs in just minutes, rather than hours. The technique uses hydrogels and stereolithography to print cells with embedded blood vessel networks, a key step towards producing functional 3D-printed organs.
A recent study from Washington State University reveals that people who blindly trust information on social media are more likely to believe conspiracy theories, even if they can identify misinformation. Researchers found that a strong trust in social media information lowers the ability to reject conspiracy beliefs, highlighting the n...
Researchers have identified p62 as a multifunctional protein that influences inflammatory changes in diseased epidermis. Inhibiting p62 leads to alleviation of chronic inflammation, suggesting it as a promising therapeutic target for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
Rural broadband cooperatives face high operation and maintenance costs, low population density, and prohibitively high service fees. Policymakers should consider eliminating property taxes on broadband infrastructure and payments to rent space on poles to make high-speed internet more affordable.
Researchers at George Mason University are conducting two studies on adaptive interventions for emotion regulation in the workplace. The first study evaluates the effectiveness of three cognitive reappraisal Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) in achieving proximal emotion and performance outcomes.
A new study published in Nature Communications shows that the mutated huntingtin protein slows brain cells' protein-building machines, called ribosomes, by two to four-fold. This slowing effect ultimately leads to cell death in Huntington's disease.
A new study found that biophysical and species-linked ecosystem services often occur simultaneously, especially on larger spatial scales. The researchers discovered that regions where species conservation and ecosystem services play a role coincide more frequently than previously assumed.
Researchers found COVID-19 cases and deaths significantly affected by local culture and demographics in global scale studies. The model identified population size, density, public transportation use, African American percentage, and Democrat election vote share as predictive factors for US counties.
Researchers have developed a new technique called sonolithography, which harnesses the power of sound to create precise patterns on surfaces from aerosol droplets or particles. This method has far-reaching implications for biomedicine, electronics, and other fields, offering improved speed, cost, and precision in non-contact patterning.
Dr. Christopher Tunnell, a computational astroparticle physicist at Rice University, has been awarded a National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award to further his research on dark matter and other phenomena. The award will support a combined physics and computer science effort to detect rare particles and understand the universe.
A study found specific brain regions respond differently to emotional stimuli related to loneliness and wisdom. Lonelier individuals showed increased activity in the left superior parietal cortex when presented with angry faces, while wiser individuals displayed enhanced happy emotion-driven activity in the left insula.
This issue of CVIA features important papers on COVID-19's impact on cardiology, including a meta-analysis of pacemaker complications and risk factors for pressure injuries during aortic surgery. Research also explores the relationship between cardiac injury and inflammatory biomarkers in severe COVID-19 patients.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute have developed a new colorimetric RT-LAMP assay called Cap-iLAMP, which extracts viral RNA from gargle lavage samples. The improved testing method outperforms previous methods, reducing false positives and increasing detection accuracy.
Scientists at UNIGE have developed a fluorescent dye to track the movement of kinesin proteins within cells, revealing their path and direction. This breakthrough enables researchers to study the fundamental question of protein transport and cargo distribution in cells.
Researchers at University of Calgary and University of Bern discovered that macrophages, a type of white blood cell, rush to surgical sites and cause excess scarring. Two methods to inhibit this natural response were found: removing macrophages or introducing a drug to block their stickiness.
African American breast cancer survivors are at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease due to increased prevalence of risk factors, yet their knowledge about CVD is low. Participants with healthier diets and higher education levels had better CVD knowledge.
Michael A. Moskowitz, a leading migraine researcher supported by the NIH, has won The Brain Prize 2021 for his groundbreaking contributions to understanding migraine triggers. By blocking the action of released neuropeptides, Moskowitz proposes a new approach to treating this debilitating condition.