Researchers found that more traditional perceptions of gender roles are associated with lower employment rates and lower personal income for women. The study suggests that changing cultural norms through education and publicity is necessary to address employment inequality in China.
Researchers found glycoRNAs, sugar-coated RNAs, decorating the surface of mammalian cells, interacting with other molecules. This discovery upends the current understanding of how cells handle RNAs and glycans, opening a possible role for glycoRNAs in immune disease.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute have discovered how lipid droplets in kidney cells help prevent damage from excess dietary fats. The study found that lipid droplets act as a safe haven for storing excess fats, and boosting the ATGL enzyme can repair damage caused by a high-fat diet.
A new European collaboration outlines initial steps towards a united global plan to protect the ocean's health. The researchers emphasize holistic collaboration to address threats like climate change and pollution, while highlighting the benefits of access to healthy coasts on human wellbeing.
Researchers used meta-analytic methods to evaluate data from 22 studies involving 5,349 individuals in 1,356 groups, finding strong support for a general factor of collective intelligence. Group collaboration processes were twice as important for predicting CI than individual skill, and group composition, including female proportion an...
Researchers detected new early-warning signals indicating the Greenland Ice Sheet's destabilization and potential melting at limited warming levels. The study suggests that a tipping point is approaching in the central-western part of the ice sheet, which could lead to substantial long-term sea level rise.
Using new methods in astronomy, researchers have identified the most precise ages of red giant stars in the galaxy, shedding light on the timing of the early Milky Way's formation. The study suggests that the merger with the satellite galaxy Gaia-Enceladus occurred around 10 billion years ago.
A new study evaluates ecological legacies, archaeo-ecosystem restoration and Indigenous co-management practices in the Bears Ears region. The research found that dense concentrations of archaeological features had a higher diversity of culturally significant plant species, indicating people left behind plants as a living legacy.
Researchers from Federal Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS deciphered activation mechanism of Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) upon exposure to light. The study used structural biology, biochemistry, spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry methods to determine OCP's crystal structure with high spatial resolution.
Researchers have dated the oldest stars in our galaxy with unprecedented precision by combining data from their oscillations with information about their chemical composition. The team found that these ancient stars were originally part of a satellite galaxy called Gaia-Enceladus, which collided with the Milky Way early in its history.
University of Maryland faculty members Shelby Bensi, Gregg Duncan, Katrina Groth, and Katharina Maisel have received CAREER grants for their innovative research in hazard assessment, gene therapy, risk assessment, and immunotherapy. Their work aims to advance the fields of civil engineering, bioengineering, and mechanical engineering.
A new paper suggests that current carbon budgets fail to account for permafrost thawing and Arctic feedback loops, exacerbating warming and potentially triggering an exponential increase in emissions. Global leaders are urged to incorporate the latest science into climate models and update risk assessments to meet climate goals.
A team of scientists at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center has discovered a promising new approach to preventing obesity-driven liver damage. By controlling a subgroup of immune system cells that trigger non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), researchers have identified a potential treatment target.
Researchers investigated seismic anisotropy in the Tianshan Tectonic Belt's upper crust, finding zoning patterns that correlate with tectonic stress fields. Time delays of slow waves also exhibit spatial differences, indicating stronger anisotropy in certain zones.
A new study describes four previously undiscovered species of sponges collected from popular dive spots in Southern California, highlighting their unique characteristics and genetic differences. The discovery sheds light on the vast diversity of marine life that remains to be explored and studied.
A team of scientists identified a critical checkpoint mechanism that fine-tunes gene transcription and is implicated in cancer. By targeting this mechanism, researchers found promising results in preclinical models of solid and hematopoietic malignancies.
A study of over 350,000 people found that genetic variants in mitochondrial DNA can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and other diseases. Additionally, mitochondrial DNA influences characteristics such as height and lifespan. The study suggests complex interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.
A weather pattern known as atmospheric blocking causes reduced snowfall in Greenland, exposing older, darker snow that absorbs more heat. This results in faster melting of the ice sheet, with a potential impact of up to 25 gigatons of lost ice over three years.
Higher levels of interleukin 1β in an aggression-related brain region lead to fewer aggressive behaviors in mice, likely via its effects on serotonin neurons. The study suggests that interleukin 1β and serotonin neurons might be potential drug targets for reducing aggression.
A randomized survey experiment found heightened awareness of immigration detention fosters beliefs that the US immigration system lacks procedural and outcome fairness. Individuals' intentions to migrate were not influenced by heightened awareness of immigration detention or nonjudicial removals.
A new study by the University of New South Wales estimates that there are approximately 50 billion individual birds in the world, with many iconic Australian species falling within this number. However, other rare species like the Black-breasted Buttonquail have only around 100 members left, highlighting the need for conservation efforts.
Researchers assess Ethiopian bird species through six years' worth of bird banding efforts, finding high species richness near lower elevations and six new species at higher elevations. The study establishes baseline observations for tropical birds in East Africa.
A large study of plasma proteins and dementia found abnormal blood levels of dozens of proteins up to five years earlier may predict dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. High levels of one protein, SVEP1, are linked to the disease process.
Breast cancer researchers followed the progression of cancer in an animal model and found a path that transforms slow-growing ER+/HER2+ cancer into fast-growing ER-/HER2+ cancer. The study suggests different treatments may be needed for each subtype, depending on the path the cells follow.
Researchers at Skoltech have developed an enriched approach to boost the capacity of next-generation metal-ion battery cathode materials, applicable to lithium-ion and alternative batteries. The scalable method uses reducing agents, which can be recycled after use, making it suitable for large-scale applications.
A UCI study shows that human-sourced greenhouse gas and aerosol pollution is lengthening and intensifying droughts globally. Drought hotspots in the Americas, Africa, and Asia have seen significant shifts due to anthropogenic forcing.
GlycoRNA is a small ribbon of ribonucleic acid (RNA) with sugar molecules, appearing ubiquitously in and on cells. Its discovery suggests the existence of unknown biomolecular pathways and associations with autoimmune diseases.
Linda Mason at George Mason University received funding to support inclusive practice in early childhood education. The project aims to promote inclusion through Teachstone CLASS training for Virginia Early Childhood Special Education professionals.
A new study explores how banks' expectations about climate-related risks affect the low-carbon transition. The researchers developed a model to assess the transmission channels of two main policies: a carbon tax and a green supporting factor.
The DESI instrument will capture light from tens of millions of galaxies and other distant objects to construct a detailed three-dimensional map of the universe. The data will help scientists better understand dark energy's repulsive force and its impact on the expansion of the universe.
Brigham cardiologists presented findings on IL-6 inhibitors, SGLT1/2 inhibitors and statin drugs in COVID-19 patients, highlighting potential benefits and limitations. The studies suggest new therapeutic options for preventing future cardiovascular events and improving outcomes for patients with heart failure and kidney disease.
A study reveals that fly ash accounts for 37-72% of fossilized particulate organic carbon flux in the Yangtze River basin. The results suggest anthropogenic carbon cycling can match the pace of geological cycles through various mechanisms.
A Phase 1 study of Z-endoxifen in patients with solid tumors reported partial responses in three patients and prolonged stable disease in eight. The study suggests that Z-endoxifen can benefit patients who have progressed on tamoxifen treatment, particularly those with desmoid tumors.
Researchers at Monell Chemical Senses Center found that insulin is essential for maturing and regenerating olfactory sensory neurons after injury. Insulin promotes regeneration of OSNs, even in nondiabetic mice, indicating a new therapy option for treating smell loss.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, online search data revealed increased interest in home births in both the US and UK. This trend is attributed to the desire for safer alternatives to hospital births amidst rising infection rates and hospital capacity issues.
A recent study found that only 6% of people with alcohol use disorder receive treatment, despite most having access to healthcare. The researchers suggest that primary care doctors may not feel comfortable addressing drinking issues due to lack of training, leading to a gap in treatment.
The LTER Network's 40 years of careful science reveals the connections between ecosystems, allowing researchers to anticipate and adapt to changes. The network's team-oriented approach and collaborative research facilitate solving complex environmental problems.
Researchers found that sotagliflozin reduced the risk of death or worsening heart failure by 22-43% in patients with both diabetes and heart failure. The medication showed significant benefits across various patient subgroups, including those with preserved ejection fraction.
A randomized double-blind controlled trial of convalescent plasma for adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19 found mortality at 28 days in the treatment arm was half the rate seen in the control arm. However, treatment was not associated with other improvements in clinical status among patients.
Researchers developed a machine learning model that accurately predicted cardiac arrest risk by combining timing and weather data. The results showed that Sundays, Mondays, public holidays, winter, and low temperatures were associated with higher risks of cardiac arrest.
Research highlights model biases in simulating large-scale and convective precipitation, leading to inaccurate rainfall projections. The study suggests that accurate convective/large-scale rainfall partitions are necessary for reliable climate projections.
Early-phase trial found pirfenidone significantly reduced a marker of heart muscle scarring compared to placebo in patients with preserved ejection fraction. The study suggests that fibrosis is an effective treatment target and could lead to personalized approaches to prevent or reverse scarring.
A study found that cooling patients to a lower temperature than recommended did not improve outcomes after cardiac arrest. Cooling to 31 degrees Celsius showed no difference in death or poor neurological outcomes at six months compared to guideline-recommended cooling of 34 C.
Researchers analyzed carbon loss and gain in African tropical forests between 1984 and 2017, finding no significant increase in tree mortality despite extreme climate conditions. Intact forests continued to grow biomass and remain a carbon sink, suggesting they may be more resilient to climate extremes.
Researchers identified a unique icosahedral quasicrystal in a red trinitite sample from the Trinity test, the first nuclear bomb detonation. The discovery reveals that similar thermodynamic conditions may produce other quasicrystals.
Children with a family history of asthma are two to three times more likely to develop the condition by age 4. Research also found that black children have higher asthma rates than white children during preschool years, but the gap closes later in childhood.
Researchers at Northern Arizona University developed a computerized method that uses machine learning to analyze visual information, allowing for rapid sorting of thousands of pottery fragments. The system achieved accuracy comparable to human experts and provided a visual record of its thought process.
Researchers at Swansea and Cardiff universities have developed the Risk of Suicide Protocol (RoSP), a guide for health professionals to identify individuals at risk of taking their own lives. The protocol assesses 20 key aspects of a person's life, enabling clinicians to formulate problems and develop safety plans to help those in need.
Researchers found that two brain subnetworks are responsible for constructing and evaluating imagined scenarios, with the ventral network focused on vividness and the dorsal network on valence. This discovery sheds light on the neural mechanisms underlying imagination.
Ozlem Uzuner and her team will analyze the economic impact of potentially malignant incidental findings in radiology reports. They aim to optimize health outcomes by identifying correct follow-up recommendations, studying tumor information, and creating an incidentaloma database.
A study of over 4,000 children in England found that physical activity supports academic attainment and helps close the achievement gap between wealthy and less-advantaged pupils. Engaging in sports like swimming or ball sports promotes self-regulation, leading to better emotional control and academic progress.
Since 2009, three local conservation NGOs have worked with international support to reintroduce Griffon Vultures to their former breeding range in Bulgaria. As of December 2020, over 80 individuals have been recorded, including successful breeding pairs and fledged chicks.
A new study found that consuming even one glass of wine, beer, or other alcoholic beverage increases the chance of an episode of atrial fibrillation occurring within four hours. The study tracked objective, real-time alcohol consumption and heart rhythm disturbance using wearable sensors and blood tests.
Research finds that medications commonly prescribed for schizophrenia may worsen brain functioning, particularly among patients taking multiple psychotropic drugs. A study of 1,120 participants with schizophrenia found that 63% had an anticholinergic cognitive burden score of at least 3.
A lack of insurance leads to worse cancer survival across the 16 most common cancers, with uninsured patients 60-64 facing significantly poorer outcomes than their older counterparts. This disparity is driven by the high costs of newer potentially lifesaving treatments, which can be unaffordable for those without insurance.
Climate-driven ocean acidification and deoxygenation impact the California Current, leading to increased phytoplankton biomass and subsurface respiration rates. This eutrophication can reduce oxygen concentrations and pH levels, with potential effects on fisheries and aquatic ecosystems.
US critical care nurses experienced higher levels of moral distress, burnout, anxiety, and depression during the pandemic. The study found that symptoms of moderate to severe depression and anxiety were reported by nearly half of respondents.
Researchers found that Indigenous languages overlap with 8,200 species ranges in African UNESCO sites, suggesting a strong connection between cultural and biodiversity preservation. The study suggests engaging Indigenous people in governance to redesign management strategies and conserve localities.
Researchers have created nanoparticles that can effectively deliver and protect siRNA, a promising class of therapeutics targeting harmful genes. This breakthrough aims to improve the treatment of diseases by fine-tuning mRNA production, offering a new approach to managing irregular protein expression.
Researchers developed a hybrid simulation method to analyze complex interactions between soil and water. The new method accurately predicts behaviors of soil and seawater in landslide tsunamis.