A new instrument at the Advanced Light Source enables simultaneous measurement of crystal structure and optical properties during perovskite synthesis. This allows for real-time monitoring of material quality and performance, leading to potentially more efficient solar cells.
A potential new therapy for urinary tract infections has been discovered using the FDA-approved anti-inflammatory drug dimethyl fumarate, which activates the NRF2 pathway. This balance between eliminating bacteria and minimizing tissue damage is crucial to treating UTIs.
A team of physicists created 'droploids', self-propelled droplets containing colloidal particles that act as internal motors. The researchers used laser light to activate the system, creating a feedback loop that propels the droplets forward.
Researchers create red biosensor R-CatchER that directly monitors calcium activity at specific locations within a cell, aiding in understanding molecular basis of human diseases. The discovery could aid in better understanding of disease mechanisms and development of new drug discovery tools.
A study on over 100 species found that climate change affects animal behavior, including changes in aggression, activity, and sociability. The researchers believe that behavioral changes can serve as a buffer for animals to avoid negative effects of environmental change.
A recent study in Nature Sustainability explores sustainable pathways for China's increasing food demand while balancing trade and environmental impacts. The research highlights the importance of integrating global optimization towards SDGs to address challenges such as food security, water shortage, and greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers from Regenstrief Institute found that Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) scales for depression can accurately diagnose and track patient symptoms. The study showed similar accuracy to the widely adopted PHQ-9 scale, supporting PROMIS as a viable screening option.
Agricultural runoff from fertilizer is converted into nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, in rivers and streams. Researchers found that denitrification efficiency and streambed conditions significantly impact N2O emissions, offering potential avenues for reducing climate change.
Scientists have created sustainable face masks made from biodegradable PLA, which breaks down quickly under ambient temperatures. The study showed that the masks can be fully bio-mineralized without forming secondary microplastic pollution, paving the way for more eco-friendly alternatives.
Researchers at Kyoto University have successfully synthesized shagene A, a tricyclic terpenoid effective against the parasitic disease leishmaniasis. The compound kills the parasite without causing detrimental side effects and has attracted attention for its potential in drug discovery.
A study analyzing data from 3,438 trainees has identified key factors associated with success in Recon Marine training, including prior life experience, athletic experience, and physical performance metrics. The research aims to inform military recruitment and training strategies, advancing novel ways to recruit and retain for the U.S....
Scientists found that amorphous carbon coatings used to protect optical fibers from moisture can break down due to interaction with water molecules. The coating's thickness increases, leading to an irreversible increase in electrical resistance and a decrease in transparency.
Researchers studying azobenzene-based polymers found that free volume affects mechanical energy conversion, with a 10-fold increase in efficiency at higher volumes. This discovery could lead to new smart materials technology using light to control machine components.
Research at RMIT University uses Getty's top lists of editorial pictures to analyze daily investor sentiment, predicting stock market returns based on global mood. The algorithm produces a daily score from 10 popular photos, providing a quick snapshot of investment mood across developed and emerging economies.
A new study published in Science of the Total Environment has found that 21% of Arctic fish eaten by beluga whales contain microplastic particles. Researchers estimate that belugas ingest up to 145,000 particles of microplastics per year, highlighting the pervasive nature of plastic pollution in the Arctic.
Researchers developed a new mass spectrometry technique to identify key protein features in cyanobacteria, enabling rapid detection of harmful species. This approach can be used to prevent blue-green algae blooms and detect toxic species, such as spirulina extracts.
Researchers used satellite data to identify areas in coastal southwest Madagascar where indigenous foragers altered their surroundings, showing a 17% human impact. The study found subtle but widespread changes in soil capacity to absorb water and vegetation distribution.
A new study published in Science Translational Medicine found that male placentas have increased immune activation and receive fewer anti-COVID antibodies from their mothers. This may help protect male fetuses but pose risks to the fetus and child.
Researchers propose targeted interventions to contain outbreaks in cities like Hong Kong, minimizing economic and social costs. By controlling a small percentage of grids, the virus can be largely contained, offering a balance between risk reduction and human mobility.
A new study reveals that incorporating lateral groundwater processes into forest models can significantly impact predictions of tree survival in drought conditions. By accounting for the sideways flow of water through soil, scientists can better understand how riparian forests will respond to future climate change.
Researchers discovered a mechanism that could prove useful in treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a common and hard-to-treat condition. The new approach reduces exposure to increased cardiac stiffness, which is associated with lower-filling pressures inside the heart chambers.
Researchers at WashU Medicine identified a drug that helps sensory neurons regrow after spinal cord injury. The drug, fenofibrate, activated support cells and improved recovery by about twice as much as a placebo. This finding offers potential for repurposing an FDA-approved compound to restore sensory function.
A new deep learning algorithm can accurately predict the status of molecular pathways and key mutations in colorectal cancer from routine histology images. The algorithm, which doesn't require manual annotations, has been shown to be significantly more accurate than current methods.
Scientists at Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology have identified zinc finger protein 507 (ZNF507) as a critical protein marker for the progression of prostate cancer to an aggressive state. The researchers found that ZNF507 accelerated the growth, survival, proliferation, and migration of PC cells.
A study published in Annals of Internal Medicine shows that participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) among older adults dually enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid is associated with fewer hospital visits and lower healthcare costs. Researchers used data from over 115,000 people aged 65+ in North Carolina to d...
DZNE researchers found that viral molecules facilitate the intercellular spreading of protein aggregates, which are hallmarks of brain diseases like Alzheimer's. The presence of viral ligands increases protein aggregate spreading between cells, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration.
A new study by Rutgers University researchers warns that nuclear war could lead to a loss of the protective ozone layer, resulting in extremely high ultraviolet light at the Earth's surface. This would endanger human health and food supplies, with effects lasting up to 15 years.
A new study by Flinders University highlights concerns over the potential impact of a proposed Carmichael coal mine on the Doongmabulla Springs Complex in central Queensland. The research suggests that even partial dewatering of the aquifer could lead to permanent damage, threatening the springs' existence.
A study in the Journal of Dairy Science found that dairy calves use brushes for grooming and oral manipulation, with 40% of brush use being oral manipulation. Providing access to brushes can reduce abnormal behaviors and improve cattle welfare.
Researchers reviewed the progress of Single-Emissive Layer White Light Emitting Diodes (SEL-WLEDs), highlighting their advantages in low cost, simple process, and material stability. The study proposes perovskite materials as a feasible path to commercialization.
Researchers use synchrotron techniques to study battery cathode materials, revealing their structural and chemical evolution under real-world conditions. The study highlights the importance of realistic operating conditions and interdisciplinary collaboration in improving energy density and reducing production costs.
A global study of 315 female physicians found high career satisfaction but lower satisfaction with pay and administrative tasks. The majority reported experiencing sexist remarks and behaviors, but their overall job satisfaction remained high.
Researchers at West Virginia University discovered a significant relationship between Christian nationalism and vaccine hesitancy, citing a national sample of 2,000 U.S. adults. They found that individuals embracing this ideology are less likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and express skepticism towards science.
A recent study found that food safety crises at smaller restaurant chains have a significant impact on consumer behavior, causing people to be hesitant to visit other restaurants even if they were not directly involved. The negative spillover effect was greater from the bottom up, with small chain crises hurting big-name brands more.
Researchers have found 47 lunar fragments with crystallization ages of 2.03 billion years, filling a 2-billion-year gap in the Moon's volcanic history. The samples provide conclusive evidence that magmatic activity on the Moon persisted until at least two billion years ago.
A novel computational platform called scAAVengr uses single-cell RNA sequencing to quickly evaluate viral vectors for delivering gene therapies to the retina with maximum efficiency and precision. This approach saves time and resources by identifying suitable candidates that can deliver therapy to affected parts of the retina accurately.
A study found that climate change increased the probability of heavy rainfall by 70% in Brazil's Minas Gerais state, leading to severe flooding, deaths, and massive damage. The extreme event caused over 90,000 people to be temporarily homeless and resulted in significant economic losses.
Researchers develop amide-linked covalent organic frameworks as efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts, improving adsorption capacity and recyclability for dyes in water. The frameworks exhibit high crystallinity and stability, ensuring satisfactory recyclability and outstanding photocatalytic activity under visible light.
A new study found that people with autism spectrum disorder are at a substantially increased risk of self-injury and suicide, with odds over three times higher than in non-autistic individuals. The study identified 31 studies showing statistically significant positive associations between ASD and self-harm.
A voucher program at Penn State Health St. Joseph Downtown Campus, paired with nutrition education, helped improve the health of patients with Type 2 diabetes by increasing A1c levels reduction and producing a high redemption rate for vouchers redeemed for fresh fruits and vegetables.
A randomized clinical trial found that combined varenicline and nicotine patch therapy did not improve 7-day abstinence rates compared to varenicline treatment alone or extended vs. reduced treatment duration
The new ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline provides comprehensive guidance on diagnosing, staging, and treating patients with metastatic breast cancer. The guideline incorporates recent clinical trial data to inform treatment choices, taking into account tumour biology and emerging targeted therapies.
A new study suggests that drinking 100% orange juice significantly reduces interleukin 6, a well-established marker of inflammation, in both healthy and high-risk adults. However, the results did not quite reach statistical significance for two additional inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
A new semi-heterogeneous photo-Cu-dual-catalytic system enables mild C–H arylation and multi-types cross-coupling reactions with good yields and site selectivity. This method produces high-value compounds, such as alkaloid natural products, in a single step.
A new study published in Journal of Occupational Health Psychology suggests that bystander employees who intervene when co-workers are victims of customer sexual harassment can protect their colleagues. The study found that bystander empathy plays a significant role in moderating customer sexual harassment.
Researchers have developed frequency translating add/drop filters that can shift the frequency of light signals, enabling new applications in data communication, quantum computing and optical neural networks. The filters exhibit low cross-talk and can be optimized for practical use.
Scientists at Osaka University developed a novel system for targeted cancer radiation therapy using gold nanoparticles labeled with astatine-211. The nanoparticles are highly toxic to cancer cells while remaining localized, minimizing damage to healthy tissues.
A recent UC San Diego study has found that e-cigarette use does not help smokers stay off cigarettes, but rather increases the risk of relapse. Former smokers who switched to e-cigarettes were more likely to relapse compared to those who remained tobacco-free.
Research suggests that regular PSA testing from age 40 could detect life-threatening prostate cancer in men with genetic hallmarks of Lynch syndrome, increasing the chances of earlier diagnosis and treatment. Men with MSH2 gene faults were eight times more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer at a younger age.
Researchers at the University of California, Davis, have discovered brain activation in sleeping two-year-olds when played words they had previously learned. The study found activation in the hippocampus and anterior medial temporal lobe, indicating that these regions are crucial for laying down initial memories for words.
Researchers have identified several commonly prescribed medications that can affect the flu virus's interaction with host cells. Some of these medications amplify the virus's effect, while others dampen it, depending on their target in the cells. Further research is needed to understand the consequences of these interactions for patients.
Researchers developed a thin polymeric sensor platform on an RFA needle to monitor temperature and pressure in real time, detecting steam pops and accelerating ablation processes. The integrated sensors may provide valuable information for safer surgical procedures and more effective medical treatments.
Arctic krill detect tiny changes in light intensity during polar winter days, allowing them to maintain their daily biological rhythms. This adaptation enables the krill to synchronize their daily migrations with external light cues, such as twilight.
Researchers at Swansea University and international partners use aerial scanning to detect infectious plant diseases caused by Xylella fastidiosa before symptoms appear. The method achieves up to 92% accuracy in detecting the pathogen and could help reduce global economic losses and environmental damage.
A genomic study revealed causative gene variants for inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) in diverse populations, with significant findings for Mexican, Pakistani, and European American participants. The study identified new gene variants and mutations contributing to IRDs, shedding light on disease variation and presentation.
A new study aims to identify effective remote support services for domestic violence and abuse survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research will assess existing interventions and rank them to find the most cost-effective solutions, benefiting over one million women in the UK.
Researchers identified a bacterium on healthy cats that produces antibiotics against severe skin infections in humans and pets. The discovery may lead to new treatments for MRSP infections in dogs and potentially other inflammatory skin diseases.
A study found that only a third of public health policies had been fully implemented globally by 2020, with low-income countries and those with high corporate influence showing slow progress. The researchers suggest that corporate influence cancelled out the positive relationship between democracy and implementation, highlighting the n...
A new study found that changes in children's facial expressions of emotion after sleep restriction predict more social problems concurrently and over time. Emotional expression plays a crucial role in social communication, and poor sleep quality takes a toll on this aspect.
A new study reveals that road development in sub-Saharan Africa has negative impacts on biodiversity, both inside and outside protected areas. The researchers found that roads act as barriers to movement, facilitate access to previously inaccessible land, and contribute to urbanization, logging, and cropland expansion.
A study by University of Cincinnati professor Michael J. Fry found that a single large warehouse would be the most cost-efficient approach for disaster relief supplies, but a single location is vulnerable to destruction. The research suggests cooperation between government and relief organizations can improve response effectiveness.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new approach to treat cancer by combining chemotherapy, tumor injury, and immunotherapy. In mouse studies, the treatment eliminated tumors completely in nearly half of the mice and showed promise against various types of cancer.
Researchers found that vaccinating more people with a single dose can be beneficial when the vaccine waning rate is low, slowing the spread of the virus. The 'prime first' strategy prioritizes speed over double doses under supply constraints, offering an alternative to traditional vaccination protocols.
Researchers uncovered a remarkable diversity of bacteria associated with fungi, detected in 88% of examined fungal isolates, shedding light on the complexity of the fungal bacteriome. This discovery opens up possibilities for studying bacterial-fungal interactions and their impact on ecosystem functioning and climate change.
A team of researchers has developed a novel machine learning model that can identify medication orders requiring pharmacy intervention using provider behavior and contextual features. This approach reduces the risk of exposing sensitive patient data, while alleviating the workload of pharmacists and increasing patient safety.
Researchers found that Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations in CF patients' sinuses vary widely, with evolution following two stages: pathoadaptive community formation and fragmentation. This discovery may inform new therapeutic approaches by focusing on strongest evolutionary pressures.
Researchers found a gene, NEGR1, that prevents excessive weight gain and diabetes in male mice on high-fat diets. The study reveals the importance of sex hormones in developing type 2 diabetes. Eating healthy low-fat food can prevent diabetes even with less favourable genes.
Research from Florida Atlantic University suggests that older adults living in walkable neighborhoods with greenspaces benefit from increased physical activity, with 5.4 minutes of daily neighborhood walking associated with African Americans and 3 minutes for whites
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found lactoferrin to have promising efficacy in reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19. Lactoferrin may also play a beneficial role in managing symptoms and recovery for patients suffering from RTIs.
Researchers have identified a bacterium, Ideonella sakaiensis, capable of degrading PET plastics and producing biodegradable PHA plastics. This finding addresses two pressing sustainability issues in the plastics industry.
The AI optimization improves the motor's power factor, reducing disruptions to the power grid. The optimized motor shows excellent performance, with improved efficiency and increased torque while drawing less current.
Researchers used AI to predict Michaelis constants from substrate and enzyme structures, achieving accuracy comparable to experimental values. This breakthrough enables computers to estimate enzyme activity in seconds without experimentation.
A large-scale study shows that regular millet consumption can improve hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels, reducing iron deficiency anemia. The research found that millets increased hemoglobin levels by up to 13.2% and serum ferritin by an average of 54.7%.
A new research center, C2DREAM, will study the impact of structural and interpersonal racism on health inequities for BIPOC communities. The program aims to develop novel cardiovascular health interventions for rural and urban BIPOC communities.
Research finds climate stabilized due to increased rock weathering and erosion, which converts CO2 into insoluble carbonate; this process took 20,000-50,000 years. Lithium isotope analysis supports theory, showing increased weathering and erosion during Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.
A recent survey of 88,125 climate-related studies found that 99.9% support human-caused climate change, with only four skeptical papers out of 3,000 examined. The study's findings provide strong evidence for the reality of human influence on climate, allaying any remaining doubt.
A study published in JNCCN found that 45% of people with cancer prefer telemedicine over in-person visits, while general patient satisfaction scores are equally high. The research also revealed that patients preferred video conferencing over audio-only appointments and that telemedicine can reduce treatment-related costs.
A new study from the University of Toronto found that virtual job interviews during COVID-19 increased anxiety in candidates, leading to reduced performance. Organizations can improve candidate experience and fairness by designing platforms that minimize anxiety, suggests lead researcher Julie McCarthy.
A new study found that infants with high levels of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against their mother's strain of HIV are less likely to get infected through breastfeeding. The study also showed that ADCC is more effective than neutralizing antibodies in protecting infants against HIV transmission and improving outcomes.
The study reveals Jiuduansha Island's rapid growth due to reduced fluvial sediment discharge and the Deep-Water Channel Project. The island's elevation, location, and area underwent significant changes, with accelerated growth rates observed.
Researchers used particle-based flow simulations to model social distance and its impact on pedestrian flow dynamics. The study found that even modest densities can cause large-scale 'traffic jams,' highlighting the need for nuanced policies in public spaces.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in spermatogonial stem cell research, successfully generating functional sperm cells using primate embryonic stem cells. The study, published in Fertility and Sterility Science, shows promise for future clinical therapies to treat male infertility.
The Chang'E-5 mission has provided new insights into the Moon's surface features, including the Ocean of Storms, which may have been even more stormy than previously thought. The samples also reveal a distinct lunar basalt composition different from Earth-based basalt.
A study by the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston found that individuals with cancer living in economically or medically underserved areas have a nearly twice the risk of suicide mortality compared to the general population. Mental distress from financial hardship worsened during cancer survivorship among those living...
A market segmentation approach can improve vaccination campaigns by tailoring the message to specific groups. The study found that those who don't trust the government are more likely to avoid vaccines, and a non-traditional messaging strategy may be more effective.
A new polymer semiconductor is developed using nonchlorinated solvents, resulting in improved solubility and alignment of the polymer film. This leads to high-performance ambipolar transistors with record mobilities, outperforming traditional methods.
Women with dense breast tissue are at increased risk of developing breast cancer, which can be masked by mammograms. Mayo Clinic expert Suneela Vegunta recommends supplemental screening to diagnose additional cancers; however, consensus-based guidelines and randomized controlled studies are needed.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that Yelp star ratings on health care facilities can indicate county-level death rate disparities. Counties with more 1-star reviews had higher death rates, and a one-point difference in average scores was associated with a reduction of approximately 60 preventable deaths.
UMass Lowell's SWIMMER program trains master's and Ph.D. students to develop sustainable materials and chemicals reducing harm to water resources. Participants address issues like toxic PFAS, droughts, and environmental justice.
Researchers at NREL and Colorado School of Mines used electron paramagnetic resonance to pinpoint the source of light-induced degradation in silicon solar cells. They discovered a distinct defect signature that disappears when applying regeneration process to cure LID, suggesting not all atomic changes lead to efficiency drop.
A new mathematical model suggests that patients with anemia can be effectively treated with transfusions of blood substitutes, which are more readily available than real blood. This approach could reduce the negative effects of blood transfusion and lower costs.
The study provides evidence that lunar volcanic activity persisted for a longer period than previously thought, extending the duration of geological processes on the Moon. The samples also reveal that the Moon's interior was still evolving at around 2 billion years ago.
A recent study published in the journal Birth found that family physicians deliver babies in 67% of rural hospitals and are the only physicians who deliver babies in 27% of them. If they stopped, patients would have to drive an average of 86 miles round-trip to access maternal care.
The MUSC Hollings Cancer Center researchers are exploring the role of macroenvironment in pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia to address this debilitating condition. The team aims to provide new biological insight, which will be coordinated by four cores within the program project grant.
The study reports 21 species of Pakistan's amphibians, highlighting the need for conservation strategies to control populations and address human-caused threats. Researchers propose an inclusive wildlife conservation approach incorporating poorly documented taxa like amphibians to maintain ecosystem health.
Scientists develop a method to precisely control gas-liquid interfaces at the nanoscale, enabling precise enrichment of target molecules. The technology has potential applications in various fields, including chemical and biological processes.
A new study found that pregnant and lactating women need to adhere closely to recommended COVID-19 vaccine schedules to attain full antibody protection. Key antibody functions are delayed in these groups following the initial dose, but the second dose induces robust antibody responses similar to those in nonpregnant women.
Researchers measured the alpha-proton reaction of magnesium-22, providing essential data for understanding X-ray burst light curves and environments. The new reaction rate was used to closely reproduce observed X-ray bursts, shedding light on the physics behind these events.
Researchers use handheld devices resembling ray guns to record how plant leaves reflect different wavelengths of light, revealing genetic variation within species. This new method is faster and cheaper than genetic testing, increasing efficiency in mapping and monitoring biodiversity.
Researchers introduce flower-like nickel phyllosilicates to epoxy resin, enhancing mechanical property, thermal stability, and tribological response. The addition of 5% nanofillers can suppress wear resistance by 86.6%, improving anti-wear properties.
Researchers found that population density and long-term exposure to air pollution were the two factors most significantly correlated with COVID-19 transmission rates. Disproportionately affecting communities with more minority residents, these factors were identified through computer modeling and analysis of data from 12 metropolitan a...
A new study reconstructs Arctic sea ice levels and currents over 500 years using ancient driftwood, showing a distinct drop in tree arrivals since the 1990s. The research provides a unique look into past Arctic Ocean conditions, shedding light on the impact of climate change on this fragile ecosystem.
International panel develops EPIFORGE guidelines to standardize reporting of epidemic prediction research, aiming to improve manuscript quality and impact. The checklist outlines 19 recommended items, including clear data sources and public availability of computer code.
A recent study found that fitness apps utilizing illness- and death-related messages are more effective in motivating users than those focusing on social stigma, obesity, or financial costs. The research discovered a significant relationship between these messaging types and self-regulatory beliefs and outcome expectations.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes found that reducing tau levels impacts both excitatory and inhibitory cells, leading to a reduction in excitation-inhibition ratios. This effect counteracts diseases that cause abnormal increases in this ratio, potentially improving the brain's ability to perform its functions.
Concordia researchers develop a new liquid biopsy method that uses lab-on-a-chip technology to identify biomarkers of concern before a tumor even forms. The technique attracts and captures particles containing cancer-causing biomarkers, allowing for early diagnosis and targeted treatment.
Researchers estimate that the visible universe contains approximately 6 times 10 to the power of 80 bits of information. This numerical prediction offers a potential avenue toward experimental testing and refining predictions, including research into the hypothesis that information is the fifth state of matter in the universe.
A recent study has called for reduced forceps use in Canada and better education for both clinicians and mothers on how to avoid injury during childbirth. The researchers analyzed nearly two million birth records from Canada, Norway, Sweden, and Austria, finding that five percent of women had third or fourth degree tears to the perineum.
Researchers from Michigan Technological University created a robot that uses Marangoni propulsion to move across liquid surfaces like insects. The robot's design is inspired by the ability of certain species to manipulate surface tension for speed and maneuverability.
Researchers found that DNA tangles create mutational hotspots in bacterial genomes, influencing evolution. By altering the sequence to prevent hairpin tangles, they can predict how microbes might mutate under selective pressure.
A new study from the Monell Chemical Senses Center reveals that humans have a second sensory ability to detect sugars in the mouth that involves detecting potential energy-burning sugars. This discovery has implications for designing tastier, healthier beverages and foods.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE demonstrates the critical role of community engagement in increasing diverse participation in vaccine clinical trials. The research found that robust engagement strategies can overcome barriers to inclusion, particularly among Black, Indigenous, and people of color communities.