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Science News Archive 2022 - Page 89


Page 89 of 448

Effective communication in automobile recalls encourages corrective action among American drivers, finds Pusan National University researcher

A recent study by Prof. Yong-Kyun Bae found that recall letters with riskier defects and 'free of charge' notices prompt quicker corrective actions. The research highlights the need for effective, standardized communication in recall letters to improve public safety.

SourcePusan National University·JournalApplied Economics·TypeObservational study·DateOct 17, 2022

Wastewater testing expected to work for most infectious diseases, study says

A recent study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that wastewater surveillance can detect almost all infectious diseases classified as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. However, more research is needed to maximize the utility of this powerful science for public health benefit.

SourceSyracuse University·JournalAmerican Journal of Epidemiology·TypeSystematic review·DateOct 17, 2022

A new AI model can accurately predict human response to novel drug compounds

A new AI model called CODE-AE can accurately predict the efficacy of novel drug compounds in humans, addressing a major challenge in drug discovery. The technique has been shown to improve accuracy and robustness over state-of-the-art methods, with potential applications in personalized medicine.

SourceThe Graduate Center, CUNY·JournalNature Machine Intelligence·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateOct 17, 2022

Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology researchers demonstrate improved performance of transition metal oxide based organic photovoltaics

Researchers from Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology have developed a method to eliminate residual organic metal-binding ligands from transition metal oxide thin films, resulting in improved device stability and performance. The technique achieved a 20-fold enhancement in electrical conductivity and a 17.6% increase in efficiency.

SourceGIST (Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)·JournalAdvanced Functional Materials·TypeExperimental study·DateOct 17, 2022

Eating fire ants could prepare lizards for future fire ant attack

A new study by Penn State researchers found that eating fire ants enhances a lizard's immune system, increasing its ability to survive a fire ant attack. The study revealed three immune measures were boosted in lizards fed fire ants, which could help them prepare for future venom exposure.

SourcePenn State·JournalBiological Invasions·TypeObservational study·DateOct 17, 2022

Researchers detect monkeypox virus in testes of nonhuman primate survivors

Scientists have detected monkeypox virus in the testes of macaques during acute infection and found preliminary evidence of persistent infection in two convalescent animals. The study highlights the potential for sexual transmission of the virus in humans, particularly in convalescent male patients.

SourceUS Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases·JournalNature Microbiology·TypeExperimental study·DateOct 17, 2022

Future emissions from ‘country of permafrost’ significant, must be factored into global climate targets

The study forecasts cumulative emissions from the 'country of permafrost' through 2100 under low, medium, and high warming scenarios. Under a low warming scenario, permafrost would release 55 petagrams of carbon by the end of the century, while potentially releasing 232 Pg if left unchecked.

SourceNorthern Arizona University·JournalAnnual Review of Environment and Resources·TypeMeta-analysis·DateOct 17, 2022

New dataset reveals biological “treasure trove” of Arctic Ocean

A new dataset provides an unprecedented insight into the Arctic Ocean's biological life, revealing a year's worth of microbial communities and their responses to climate change. The EcoOmics dataset aims to guide conservation efforts and provide evidence for novel biology that may influence our understanding of evolution on Earth.

SourceUniversity of East Anglia·JournalPLOS Biology·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateOct 17, 2022

CAPITAL: A major advance in single-cell RNA data analysis

Researchers at Osaka University have developed a computational tool called CAPITAL that can carry out accurate comparative analysis of complex single-cell sequencing datasets. The tool uses a pseudotime trajectory approach to align and compare cells along hypothetical paths reflecting their progress through transitional processes.

SourceOsaka University·JournalNature Communications·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateOct 17, 2022

CRTAC1 is a promising biomarker of osteoarthritis

A study published in Arthritis & Rheumatology has identified CRTAC1 as a specific biomarker of osteoarthritis, associated with both prevalent and incident knee and hip OA. The protein is also a strong predictor of progression to joint replacements, holding promise for early diagnosis and treatment.

SourcedeCODE genetics·JournalArthritis & Rheumatology·TypeMeta-analysis·DateOct 17, 2022

1.3 million American adults with diabetes ration their insulin due to cost; younger adults and the uninsured are most likely to ration

A study found that 16.5% of American adults with diabetes ration their insulin, with younger adults and the uninsured being most affected. Insulin rationing is often linked to cost concerns, with many patients delaying purchases or taking less insulin than needed.

SourceAmerican College of Physicians·JournalAnnals of Internal Medicine·TypeObservational study·DateOct 17, 2022

How do mushrooms become magic?

Scientists are conducting a first-of-its-kind study to investigate the origin of psychedelic compounds in fungi, including psilocybin found in 'magic mushrooms'. The research aims to understand the evolution of these compounds and their potential applications in medicine and conservation.

Cancer patients treated with immunotherapy can safely receive mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, according to JNCCN study

Researchers analyzed 408 patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and found no increased risk of side effects from receiving both immunotherapy and the vaccine. The study supports NCCN's recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination in people with cancer, citing strong protection against severe COVID-19 for all variants.

SourceNational Comprehensive Cancer Network·JournalJournal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network·DateOct 17, 2022

Two hits to the mitochondria causes severe anemia

A study found that impairing mitochondria in two different ways can cause severe anemia. Researchers used mouse models to investigate the role of mitochondria in blood cell differentiation and found that disrupting mitochondrial function and dynamics causes anemia through distinct mechanisms.

SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournalPharmacological Research·DateOct 17, 2022

Hair straightening chemicals associated with higher uterine cancer risk

A new NIH study found that frequent use of hair straightening products was associated with a higher risk of uterine cancer, particularly among Black women. The researchers estimated that women who used these products frequently were more than twice as likely to develop uterine cancer compared to those who did not use them.

Antibody-based therapy eliminates circulating tumor cells in mouse models of breast and pancreatic cancer

Researchers developed an antibody-based treatment that targets cadherins on circulating tumor cells, eliminating them in mouse models of breast and pancreatic cancer. The therapy shows promise in preventing cancer metastasis, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths.

SourceMassachusetts General Hospital·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateOct 17, 2022