A recent study led by UMass Amherst examines how students navigate and integrate interdisciplinary learning throughout their college careers. The research reveals three stages of engagement: choosing, navigating, and integrating. Strong advising is critical for success in interdisciplinary programs.
A study found that higher levels of inflammatory markers are associated with lower trabecular bone scores, indicating poorer bone health. Dietary intervention with prunes may counteract inflammation's negative effects on bone health, preserving cortical bone density and strength in postmenopausal women.
A new study found that air pollution from factories and vehicles is associated with faster disease progression and premature death for patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Increasing levels of PM2.5 were linked to more severe disease, faster disease progression, and higher likelihood of dying sooner.
Researchers identified a kinase molecule that directs microglia activity, potentially treating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and MS. The molecule, called spleen tyrosine kinase, targets plaque buildup and debris accumulation in the brain.
Expanding medically tailored meal programs nationwide could help prevent 1.6 million hospitalizations annually, saving $13.6 billion in healthcare costs. These programs provide nutritionally customized meals for patients with serious illnesses, supporting improved health outcomes and reduced stress levels.
A gene signature of four specific genes (SAA1, SAA2, APOL1, and MET) predicts the risk of tumour spreading and survival in kidney cancer patients. The study identified a link between the microenvironment and immune system inhibition.
Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology developed a method to track the growth of the HIV virus by highlighting its essential molecules. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of new therapies that target these molecules to prevent viral growth.
A new study suggests that the US economy's supply chains cannot compensate for local production losses from hurricanes if climate change continues. The researchers found that even under moderate warming scenarios, hurricane damages will exceed the economy's coping capacities, leading to indirect economic effects and price increases for...
Researchers have discovered that marine diazotrophic bacteria contribute directly to the biological carbon pump, exporting and sequestering carbon in the deep ocean. This process was previously attributed mainly to phytoplankton, but experts now understand that these microorganisms also store carbon on the seabed.
The study reveals that the dynamic confinement of SAPO-17 cages controls product selectivity during the induction period of syngas conversion. Characterization techniques show a gradual accumulation of carbonaceous species inside the cages, leading to reduced free space and hindering diffusion for larger molecules.
Genetic and genomic technologies can protect marine life by identifying illegally harvested seafood products and monitoring disease outbreaks. Assisted evolution and synthetic biology could also benefit ocean ecosystems by introducing beneficial species or manufacturing products in the lab.
A new study examines the impact of coral chemical compounds on reef composition and health, finding that they vary significantly by coral species. The research also discovers an invasive reef alga releasing high quantities of caffeine, which may contribute to its ability to invade and flourish on Caribbean reefs.
Researchers have developed bifacial monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells with significantly higher output power potential. The design uses transparent conductive oxide as rear electrodes, enabling the harvest of light on both sides of the device.
The study reviews electrostatic atomization minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) mechanism and applications, highlighting its benefits in clean cutting and biolubricant development. Researchers propose future directions for improving coordination parameters and equipment integration.
A new study by University of York researchers found that playing sound cues during sleep can be used to help people forget specific memories. The technique, which was previously used to boost memories, has been shown to induce selective forgetting in overlapping memories.
Researchers at Kanazawa University and their international collaborators used 3D-AFM and molecular dynamics simulations to study the surface chemistry and structure of individual cellulose nanocrystal particles. The findings reveal new details on chain arrangements, structural defects, and water molecule arrangement near the CNC surface.
Researchers have identified a new way to treat young children with Kawasaki Disease by using mTOR inhibitors to prevent coronary artery damage and aneurysms. The treatment has shown promise in preclinical studies and could potentially be trialled rapidly in the clinic for children with KD.
Researchers have discovered that zinc ions tune the ability of human serum albumin to prevent α-synuclein aggregation, a process linked to Parkinson's disease. Zinc binding alters HSA's chaperone function, blunting fibril formation and slowing down protein deposition that can lead to neurodegeneration.
Only half of European hospitals have a policy in place to identify children who are being neglected or abused. Hospitals with such policies use effective strategies like screening tools and staff training. However, many staff lack the necessary tools and knowledge to spot maltreated children.
Researchers create a robust underwater adhesive material combining dynamic poly(disulfides) and mussel-inspired DOPA chemistry, exhibiting high-strength adhesion ability and excellent water resistance. The unique design strategy enables self-healing, re-processability, and chemical closed-loop recyclability.
A new study from the University of Surrey found that individuals who diet or use food as a tool for emotional management are more likely to display 'feeder behaviour' within relationships. This behaviour, where one person encourages their partner to overeat, can lead to weight gain and other health issues.
A new CNN framework, PE-Net, is proposed for predicting machine remaining useful life (RUL) accurately. The framework uses a novel architecture with small-sized one-dimensional convolution kernels and deep networks to learn features from input time series signals.
A team of scientists has found that small sulfate aerosols in the 1970s may have counteracted the effects of global warming by forming clouds that reflect radiation. The study reconstructed particle sizes from Greenland ice cores, showing a higher concentration of small sulfates during this period.
A study found that nicotine from a single cigarette reduces estrogen production in women's brains, which may explain their greater resistance to quitting smoking. The effect was observed in the thalamus, part of the limbic system involved in behavioral responses.
Researchers at Pohang University of Science & Technology have developed technology to produce itaconic acid, a source material for bioplastic, using E. coli bacteria. This breakthrough enables mass production of bioplastic from steel mill gases, potentially transforming the plastics industry.
A recent review article summarizes the latest developments in finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) strategies for PMSMs. FCS-MPC is a promising approach to optimize drive systems, but challenges remain, including computational complexity and parameter uncertainty.
The COVID-19 pandemic saw a significant decrease in hospital admissions for first-time clinical depression and recurrent depression, while outpatient treatment remained stable. This shift implies that many patients did not receive appropriate care for their condition, potentially leading to long-term quality of life loss.
Research findings suggest that lighting differences in habitats contribute to variations in eye color across primate species. The study found that populations farther from the equator tend to have lighter conjunctiva and shift towards greener or bluer iris colors.
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a surfactant to disperse boron nitride nanotubes and coat them onto surfaces without bundling. Heat treatment removed the surfactant, revealing clean nanoscale templates that can be used to grow coaxial nanotubes with exotic electronic properties.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute successfully revived ancient enzymes, revealing a novel protein component that increased CO2 specificity in Rubisco. This discovery provides new insights into the evolution of modern photosynthesis and suggests adding new components may improve its efficiency.
A randomized clinical trial involving over 1,600 patients found that two antiseptic solutions are equally effective in preventing post-surgical infections. The study provides reassurance to orthopedic surgeons and helps improve practice of evidence-based medicine.
Researchers aim to understand the role of FAK in promoting key changes in vascular smooth muscle cells that contribute to atherosclerosis. Preliminary evidence suggests that inhibiting FAK may block VSMC transdifferentiation and promote plaque stability.
A new study aims to diagnose severe neurodegenerative diseases like ALS and FTD with the help of speech tests. AI can analyze subtle nuances of speech patterns, including pauses, speed, and melodic aspects, to detect early changes.
A recent study published in Engineering Construction & Architectural Management identified the main obstacles preventing digital transformation in the engineering and construction industry. The three main problems are a lack of laws and regulations, a lack of support and leadership, and a lack of resources and professionals.
Researchers at the University of Würzburg have developed a new method called INRI-seq, which allows for detailed analysis of gene activity in individual cells. This technique can help identify new targets for targeted therapies and improve our understanding of protein synthesis.
A landmark study published in The Lancet found that chlorhexidine gluconate and povidone-iodine aqueous solutions are equally effective in preventing surgical site infections in patients with open fractures. This finding has significant implications for healthcare practitioners and may reduce costs associated with accessing these antis...
A Rutgers study found that young sexual and gender minorities assigned male at birth experience chronic intimate partner violence. Bisexual, transgender, and lower-income individuals are most at risk of psychological and physical victimization.
Researchers developed the first model for the western Baltic Sea, which includes top predators, fish species, and their interactions. Ecosystem-based management increases catches of cod and herring while improving food web resilience to climate change, and potential carbon sequestration is more than three times greater.
Researchers found a significant association between neighborhood conditions, child resources, and life expectancy at birth. This study suggests that addressing community needs is crucial for improving life expectancy and reducing health inequities.
A lightweight 'non-local' generic face reconstruction model using the Speckle-Transformer (SpT) Unet is implemented for highly accurate and energy-efficient processing of speckle reconstructions. The network achieves strong comparative performance with existing methods, exceeding 0.989 in Pearson correlation coefficient.
A team from UNIGE and EPFL discovered that too much or too little motivation can blur sensory information and affect decision-making. In a state of hyper-motivation, rodents performed poorly, while moderate motivation led to optimal choice. These results open up new perspectives in learning methods.
A new study reveals that pain neurons in mice regulate mucus production and stimulate intestinal cells to release more mucus during inflammation. This protective mechanism helps maintain gut homeostasis and prevent colitis.
A team at the University of Exeter discovered that migrating hoverflies orientate towards the north during spring, contradicting previous assumptions. The study tracked the insects' movement from Western France to Cornwall, showing a strong northerly compass sense.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine found that gut pain-sensing neurons regulate the microbial community in the intestines, boosting beneficial microbes to protect against inflammation. The study suggests that targeting these neurons could lead to new anti-inflammatory treatments for IBD and other disorders.
Researchers found that bumblebees can only retain basic ranking memories for a few minutes. They can remember which flower was sweeter than another but struggle to recall the sweetness of individual flowers.
Research suggests that varying oxygen levels in the Earth's atmosphere may have spurred the emergence of early animal life forms. The study reveals oscillations between high and low oxygen levels over 1.5 billion years, providing a new perspective on the development of animals.
A recent study by the University of New Hampshire's Crimes against Children Research Center found that 16% of young adults in the US have experienced online sexual abuse before the age of 18. The study also revealed that 62% of perpetrators were acquaintances from their offline life, including current or former intimate partners.
Researchers have engineered a microbe to break down and upcycle mixed plastics into building blocks for next-generation materials. The process converts deconstructed plastic waste into polyhydroxyalkanoates or beta-ketoadipate, ideal for applications such as automotive parts.
The study found that higher population density was associated with fewer steps taken by patients, more sedentary time, and worse exercise capacity. Longer pedestrian street lengths were associated with more steps and less sedentary time, while steeper terrain was linked to greater exercise capacity.
For the first time, scientists observed the annihilation of exceptional points from various degeneration points. The researchers used an optical resonator filled with liquid crystal to study the properties of exceptional points. They found that the position of these points can be controlled by changing the voltage applied to the cavity.
A research team from Würzburg has discovered a crucial mechanism in cellular growth, showing how cells regulate protein production and keep a reserve of ribosomal proteins to quickly respond to changing conditions. This finding may also shed light on the deregulation of signaling networks in different types of cancer.
Researchers found that ancient marine invasions in the Midwestern US, 446 million years ago, did not cause widespread extinctions. Instead, native generalist species adapted to accommodate newcomers. This ancient phenomenon can inform modern strategies for wildlife conservation.
UC San Diego researchers found that providing detailed information on probabilities can make risks seem less risky. Detailed knowledge of individual probabilities reduces the subjective perception of risk and causes individuals to estimate its occurrence more accurately.
A new study by UCL researchers found that talking therapies on the NHS can improve the mental health of people with dementia, with 63% experiencing a reduction in symptoms. The therapy proved clinically beneficial, even though response rates were lower than those without dementia.
Researchers found that activating RORbeta could restore healthy cartilage levels, helping to control inflammation and prevent osteoarthritis. This discovery presents a potential new strategy to address the root cause of cartilage damage.
The article discusses the development status of space robot technology and relevant on-orbit assembly technology. Key findings include the shift from manual to autonomous assembly and the need for advanced motion planning and control methods to achieve high-precision operations.
Researchers found shared endogenous retroviruses among all individual birds, suggesting most retrovirus-host interactions pre-date host speciation. The study also reveals considerable ERV variation across different populations, indicating recent retrovirus colonization.
A study by Osaka University researchers has revealed the molecular details of how Vibrio cholerae secretes its colonization factor TcpF. The mechanism involves the Toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) system, which allows the bacterium to colonize the human intestine and initiate infection.
A team of researchers has determined the three-dimensional atomic structure of NKCC1, a human chloride transporter crucial for regulating ion balance in the body. The study reveals a surprising mechanism for releasing ions into cells, which could lead to novel compounds for treating kidney and brain disorders.
Researchers developed an alternative method of immunotherapy delivery, intraventricular treatment, to administer multiple therapeutic doses in mouse models of human metastatic medulloblastoma. This approach significantly extended survival and reduced toxicity compared to direct tumor inoculation methods.